Content validity is an important part of language testing.In this paper,the content validity of the CET-4 fast reading test is analyzed in terms of expected response and text input.The result of final research shows t...Content validity is an important part of language testing.In this paper,the content validity of the CET-4 fast reading test is analyzed in terms of expected response and text input.The result of final research shows that the content validity of the fast reading test is high with some limitations proposed.展开更多
This paper derives the variance of the information content and develops its statistical inference method. We describe the relations between information content and sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, prevalence rate...This paper derives the variance of the information content and develops its statistical inference method. We describe the relations between information content and sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, prevalence rate. If sensitivity, specificity and efficiency are fixed, the closer to 0. 5 the prevalence rate is, the more the information content. If prevalence rate and efficiency are fixed, the closer to each other the sensitivity and specificity are, the more the information content. We compare the power of information content method, efficiecy test, Youden's index test and kappa coefficient method. The information content method has higher power than the other methods in most conditions. It is especially sensitive to the difference between two sensitivities. It comes to conclusion that the information content method has more virtues than the other methods mentioned in this paper.展开更多
For our research, a new hybrid experimental-computational method is presented. We applied a least squares fitting method （LSFM） to reconstruct the wood moisture content （WMC） from the data measured with a planar c...For our research, a new hybrid experimental-computational method is presented. We applied a least squares fitting method （LSFM） to reconstruct the wood moisture content （WMC） from the data measured with a planar capacitance sensor. A boundary element method （BEM） was used to compute the relationship between capacitance and the dielectric constant. A functional relationship between MC and the dielectric constant was identified by LSFM. The agreement of this final computation result with the experimental data indicates that this method can be used to estimate the WMC quickly and effectively with engineering analysis. Compared with popular statistical methods, a large number of experiments are avoided, some costs of testing are reduced and the efficiency of testing is enhanced.展开更多
It was found that the DNA-damaging agents N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine（MNNG）,methyl-methanesulphonate（MMS）and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide（4NQO）could stimulate ADP-ribosyl transferase（ADPRT）activity and r...It was found that the DNA-damaging agents N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine（MNNG）,methyl-methanesulphonate（MMS）and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide（4NQO）could stimulate ADP-ribosyl transferase（ADPRT）activity and reduce the cellular NAD content in a dose-dependent way.The reduction of NAD after DNA damage could be partially or completelyprevented by ADPRT inhibitors,3-aminobenzamide or nicotinamide,which showed noinfluence on reduction of NAD induced by metabolic blocking agents.Therefore,a simpleand specific method to detect DNA-damaging mutagens by measuring ADPRT-mediateddecrease of cellular NAD content was explored.Using β-naphthofiavone,a mixed functionoxygenase inducer,together with induced or uninduced human amnion FL cells,it was foundthat aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>,benzo（a）pyrene,2-acetylaminofluorene,9,10-dimethylanthracene andethylcarbamate could induce the ADPRT-mediated decrease of cellular NAD content,while4-acetylaminofluorene,anthracene,isopropyl-N-（3-chlorophenyl）-carbamate,β-propiolactone,γ-butyrolactone,cyclophosphamide and safrol could not.The results indicate that this isa cheap and specific method to detect DNA damage caused by chemical carcinogens/mutagenswith a spccificity approaching that of the unscheduled DNA synthesis assay.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the salt-tolerance mechanism of sweet potato.[Method]Two sweet potato varieties of Xu 25-2(salt-tolerant cultivar)and Triumph 100(salt-sensitive cultivar)were treated by sod...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the salt-tolerance mechanism of sweet potato.[Method]Two sweet potato varieties of Xu 25-2(salt-tolerant cultivar)and Triumph 100(salt-sensitive cultivar)were treated by sodium chloride with the concentration of 0 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L.After 20 days,Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in the roots,shoots and leave were determined by the flame photometer,while dry weight and fresh weight of roots,shoots and leave in different varieties were also studied.[Result]The growth of two sweet potato varieties was inhibited under salt stress,so the plant became shorter,leaf and root became fewer,dry weight of roots and leave decreased,but seedlings of Xu 25-2 were inhibited slightly.Furthermore,Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in roots,shoots and leaves of two sweet potato varieties increased.Na+ content of salt-tolerant Xu 25-2 was low in roots,shoots and leaves,while Na+ content of salt-sensitive Triumph 100 was high in shoots and leave of seedlings,but the change range of Xu 25-2 was less than that of Triumph 100.[Conclusion]The lower Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in leaves under salt stress were the most important characteristics for salt-tolerance of sweet potato varieties.展开更多
Validity is one of the essential factors in evaluating test quality.In order to design a high-quality reading test paper,such aspects should be taken much more considerations as test specification,theoretical construc...Validity is one of the essential factors in evaluating test quality.In order to design a high-quality reading test paper,such aspects should be taken much more considerations as test specification,theoretical construct,test content and test tasks&item types.展开更多
Listening Comprehension test of CET-6 has a great adjustment in its item types and weighting of score since December,2015, however, there have been few researches concerning the validity of newly innovated CET-6 liste...Listening Comprehension test of CET-6 has a great adjustment in its item types and weighting of score since December,2015, however, there have been few researches concerning the validity of newly innovated CET-6 listening comprehension test.This paper tries to explore the construct validity and content validity of it. Based on the comparison between the test contents of lis-tening and the test requirements in CET syllabus,it is found that CET-6 listening shows good content relevance. Structural equa-tion modeling(SEM) was used to investigate the construct validity of CET-6 listening, which demonstrates that it mainly tests stu-dents' ability to understand details and inference, while ignoring socio-linguistic competence and psych-physiological compe-tence. Therefore, certain changes are desirable to increase the validity of the listening part of CET-6.展开更多
文摘Content validity is an important part of language testing.In this paper,the content validity of the CET-4 fast reading test is analyzed in terms of expected response and text input.The result of final research shows that the content validity of the fast reading test is high with some limitations proposed.
文摘This paper derives the variance of the information content and develops its statistical inference method. We describe the relations between information content and sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, prevalence rate. If sensitivity, specificity and efficiency are fixed, the closer to 0. 5 the prevalence rate is, the more the information content. If prevalence rate and efficiency are fixed, the closer to each other the sensitivity and specificity are, the more the information content. We compare the power of information content method, efficiecy test, Youden's index test and kappa coefficient method. The information content method has higher power than the other methods in most conditions. It is especially sensitive to the difference between two sensitivities. It comes to conclusion that the information content method has more virtues than the other methods mentioned in this paper.
基金supported by the Central University Basic Research Professional Expenses Special Foundation of Harbin Engineering University (Grant No. HEUCFL10101109)
文摘For our research, a new hybrid experimental-computational method is presented. We applied a least squares fitting method （LSFM） to reconstruct the wood moisture content （WMC） from the data measured with a planar capacitance sensor. A boundary element method （BEM） was used to compute the relationship between capacitance and the dielectric constant. A functional relationship between MC and the dielectric constant was identified by LSFM. The agreement of this final computation result with the experimental data indicates that this method can be used to estimate the WMC quickly and effectively with engineering analysis. Compared with popular statistical methods, a large number of experiments are avoided, some costs of testing are reduced and the efficiency of testing is enhanced.
文摘It was found that the DNA-damaging agents N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine（MNNG）,methyl-methanesulphonate（MMS）and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide（4NQO）could stimulate ADP-ribosyl transferase（ADPRT）activity and reduce the cellular NAD content in a dose-dependent way.The reduction of NAD after DNA damage could be partially or completelyprevented by ADPRT inhibitors,3-aminobenzamide or nicotinamide,which showed noinfluence on reduction of NAD induced by metabolic blocking agents.Therefore,a simpleand specific method to detect DNA-damaging mutagens by measuring ADPRT-mediateddecrease of cellular NAD content was explored.Using β-naphthofiavone,a mixed functionoxygenase inducer,together with induced or uninduced human amnion FL cells,it was foundthat aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>,benzo（a）pyrene,2-acetylaminofluorene,9,10-dimethylanthracene andethylcarbamate could induce the ADPRT-mediated decrease of cellular NAD content,while4-acetylaminofluorene,anthracene,isopropyl-N-（3-chlorophenyl）-carbamate,β-propiolactone,γ-butyrolactone,cyclophosphamide and safrol could not.The results indicate that this isa cheap and specific method to detect DNA damage caused by chemical carcinogens/mutagenswith a spccificity approaching that of the unscheduled DNA synthesis assay.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(30670177)Scientific Research Foundation for the Outstanding Young Scientist of Shangdong Province(006BS06002)National Ministry of Education Doctoral Fund(20050445003)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the salt-tolerance mechanism of sweet potato.[Method]Two sweet potato varieties of Xu 25-2(salt-tolerant cultivar)and Triumph 100(salt-sensitive cultivar)were treated by sodium chloride with the concentration of 0 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L.After 20 days,Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in the roots,shoots and leave were determined by the flame photometer,while dry weight and fresh weight of roots,shoots and leave in different varieties were also studied.[Result]The growth of two sweet potato varieties was inhibited under salt stress,so the plant became shorter,leaf and root became fewer,dry weight of roots and leave decreased,but seedlings of Xu 25-2 were inhibited slightly.Furthermore,Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in roots,shoots and leaves of two sweet potato varieties increased.Na+ content of salt-tolerant Xu 25-2 was low in roots,shoots and leaves,while Na+ content of salt-sensitive Triumph 100 was high in shoots and leave of seedlings,but the change range of Xu 25-2 was less than that of Triumph 100.[Conclusion]The lower Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in leaves under salt stress were the most important characteristics for salt-tolerance of sweet potato varieties.
文摘Validity is one of the essential factors in evaluating test quality.In order to design a high-quality reading test paper,such aspects should be taken much more considerations as test specification,theoretical construct,test content and test tasks&item types.
文摘Listening Comprehension test of CET-6 has a great adjustment in its item types and weighting of score since December,2015, however, there have been few researches concerning the validity of newly innovated CET-6 listening comprehension test.This paper tries to explore the construct validity and content validity of it. Based on the comparison between the test contents of lis-tening and the test requirements in CET syllabus,it is found that CET-6 listening shows good content relevance. Structural equa-tion modeling(SEM) was used to investigate the construct validity of CET-6 listening, which demonstrates that it mainly tests stu-dents' ability to understand details and inference, while ignoring socio-linguistic competence and psych-physiological compe-tence. Therefore, certain changes are desirable to increase the validity of the listening part of CET-6.
