Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different re...Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows： （1） Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was： Eastern China Northern China Central and Southern China Southwest China Northwest China. （2） The sorting of carbon emission density was： Eastern China Northeast China Central and Southern China Northern China Southwest China Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. （3） Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of pro-ductive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. （4） Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. （5） China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption.展开更多
Reactive oxygen species(ROS)have certain effect in cancer treatment,thus many studies have been focused on developing functional systems to generate ROS in tumor.Here,inspired by the multi-enzyme biocatalysis in organ...Reactive oxygen species(ROS)have certain effect in cancer treatment,thus many studies have been focused on developing functional systems to generate ROS in tumor.Here,inspired by the multi-enzyme biocatalysis in organisms,novel ultrasound-triggered temporospatial catalytic cascades systems are presented based on barium titanate(BTO)and platinum(Pt)co-loaded multi-component micropar-ticles(Pt/BTO@MCMPs)to successively achieve oxygen and ROS production for tumor sonodynamic therapy.By using a customized capillary microfluidic device,the Pt/BTO@MCMPs are fabricated with Pt nanoparticles located in their core part and BTO nanocubes located in their peripheral part,alternating with blank porous hydrogel components for increasing interaction areas between the encap-sulated nanomaterials and the ambient substrates.In the microparticles,the Pt can catalyze hydrogen peroxide from the tumor microenvironment to generate O_(2) and H_(2)O serving as substrates for piezoelectric catalytic reactions,contributing to additional generation of ROS under US activation.Based on the system,it is demon-strated that the Pt/BTO@MCMPs are featured with excellent biocompatibility under normal biological conditions and show desired tumor eradication properties under ultrasound irradiation in mice carrying pancreatic tumors.These results indicate that the proposed ultrasound-triggered temporospatial catalytic cascades systems are promising for clinic anti-tumor applications.展开更多
Based on energy consumption data of each region in China from 1997 to 2009 and using ArcGIS9.3 and GeoDA9.5 as technical support, this paper made a preliminary study on the changing trend of spatial pattern at regiona...Based on energy consumption data of each region in China from 1997 to 2009 and using ArcGIS9.3 and GeoDA9.5 as technical support, this paper made a preliminary study on the changing trend of spatial pattern at regional level of carbon emissions from energy consumption, spatial autocorrelation analysis of carbon emissions, spatial regression analysis between carbon emissions and their influencing factors. The analyzed results are shown as follows. （1） Carbon emissions from energy consumption increased more than 148% from 1997 to 2009 but the spatial pattern of high and low emission regions did not change greatly. （2） The global spatial autocorrelation of carbon emissions from energy consumption in- creased from 1997 to 2009, the spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there exists a ＂polarization＂ phenomenon, the centre of ＂High-High＂ agglomeration did not change greatly but expanded currently, the centre of ＂Low-Low＂ agglomeration also did not change greatly but narrowed currently. （3） The spatial regression analysis showed that carbon emissions from energy consumption has a close relationship with GDP and population, R-squared rate of the spatial regression between carbon emissions and GDP is higher than that between carbon emissions and population. The contribution of population to carbon emissions increased but the contribution of GDP decreased from 1997 to 2009. The carbon emissions spillover effect was aggravated from 1997 to 2009 due to both the increase of GDP and population, so GDP and population were the two main factors which had strengthened the spatial autocorrelation of carbon emissions.展开更多
Using 110 newly revised Holocene sea level indicators categorized into three types,sediments(67),shelly cheniers(27)and oyster reefs(16),this paper firstly provides a Holocene relative sea level curve,based on multipl...Using 110 newly revised Holocene sea level indicators categorized into three types,sediments(67),shelly cheniers(27)and oyster reefs(16),this paper firstly provides a Holocene relative sea level curve,based on multiple approaches of litho-and biostratigraphies and sedimentary faces analysis,for the west coast of Bohai Bay,China.Following considerations,including indicative meaning,the paleo tidal pattern and range and conversion from mean tidal level to mean sea level,an apparent relative mean sea level(RMSL)curve was further reconstructed.After systematical calibration using CALIB,those of the 48 reworked samples were further corrected for the residence-time effect.Similarly,the younger ages for another 35 samples were chosen at the subsample level.These result in a younger-oriented shift for about 0.5 ka.Three local spatial factors,including neotectonic subsidence(average rate about 0.1 mm/a),self-compaction of unconsolidated sediments(between a few decimeters to about 6 m)and subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal(between a few centimeters to about 2.5 m),were quantitatively corrected.Finally,the amended RMSL curve after eliminating all these local temporo-spatial factors is very likely to show non-existence of mid-Holocene highstand and imply potential influences of both ice-volume equivalent sea level and regional glacial isostatic adjustment.Although it is still unable to divide both global and regional factors,the slowdown of sea level rise,in 7.5–6.8 ka with a maximum height less than+1 m,may constrain the model effort in the near future.展开更多
基金Foundation： National Social Science Foundation of China,No.10ZD＆M030 Non-profit Industry Financial Program of Ministry of Land and Resources of China,No.200811033+2 种基金 A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.40801063 No.40971104
文摘Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows： （1） Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was： Eastern China Northern China Central and Southern China Southwest China Northwest China. （2） The sorting of carbon emission density was： Eastern China Northeast China Central and Southern China Northern China Southwest China Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. （3） Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of pro-ductive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. （4） Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. （5） China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2020YFA0908200National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52073060,81720108022+1 种基金Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation,Grant/Award Number:ZKX21019Clinical Trials from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital,Grant/Award Number:2022-LCYJ-ZD-01。
文摘Reactive oxygen species(ROS)have certain effect in cancer treatment,thus many studies have been focused on developing functional systems to generate ROS in tumor.Here,inspired by the multi-enzyme biocatalysis in organisms,novel ultrasound-triggered temporospatial catalytic cascades systems are presented based on barium titanate(BTO)and platinum(Pt)co-loaded multi-component micropar-ticles(Pt/BTO@MCMPs)to successively achieve oxygen and ROS production for tumor sonodynamic therapy.By using a customized capillary microfluidic device,the Pt/BTO@MCMPs are fabricated with Pt nanoparticles located in their core part and BTO nanocubes located in their peripheral part,alternating with blank porous hydrogel components for increasing interaction areas between the encap-sulated nanomaterials and the ambient substrates.In the microparticles,the Pt can catalyze hydrogen peroxide from the tumor microenvironment to generate O_(2) and H_(2)O serving as substrates for piezoelectric catalytic reactions,contributing to additional generation of ROS under US activation.Based on the system,it is demon-strated that the Pt/BTO@MCMPs are featured with excellent biocompatibility under normal biological conditions and show desired tumor eradication properties under ultrasound irradiation in mice carrying pancreatic tumors.These results indicate that the proposed ultrasound-triggered temporospatial catalytic cascades systems are promising for clinic anti-tumor applications.
基金Foundation： National Social Science Foundation of China, No.10ZD＆M030 Non-profit Industry Financial Program of Ministry of Land and Resources of China, No.200811033+2 种基金 A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40801063 No.40971104
文摘Based on energy consumption data of each region in China from 1997 to 2009 and using ArcGIS9.3 and GeoDA9.5 as technical support, this paper made a preliminary study on the changing trend of spatial pattern at regional level of carbon emissions from energy consumption, spatial autocorrelation analysis of carbon emissions, spatial regression analysis between carbon emissions and their influencing factors. The analyzed results are shown as follows. （1） Carbon emissions from energy consumption increased more than 148% from 1997 to 2009 but the spatial pattern of high and low emission regions did not change greatly. （2） The global spatial autocorrelation of carbon emissions from energy consumption in- creased from 1997 to 2009, the spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there exists a ＂polarization＂ phenomenon, the centre of ＂High-High＂ agglomeration did not change greatly but expanded currently, the centre of ＂Low-Low＂ agglomeration also did not change greatly but narrowed currently. （3） The spatial regression analysis showed that carbon emissions from energy consumption has a close relationship with GDP and population, R-squared rate of the spatial regression between carbon emissions and GDP is higher than that between carbon emissions and population. The contribution of population to carbon emissions increased but the contribution of GDP decreased from 1997 to 2009. The carbon emissions spillover effect was aggravated from 1997 to 2009 due to both the increase of GDP and population, so GDP and population were the two main factors which had strengthened the spatial autocorrelation of carbon emissions.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41372173,41476074 and 41806109the China Geological Survey Project under contract Nos DD20189506 and DD20211301.
文摘Using 110 newly revised Holocene sea level indicators categorized into three types,sediments(67),shelly cheniers(27)and oyster reefs(16),this paper firstly provides a Holocene relative sea level curve,based on multiple approaches of litho-and biostratigraphies and sedimentary faces analysis,for the west coast of Bohai Bay,China.Following considerations,including indicative meaning,the paleo tidal pattern and range and conversion from mean tidal level to mean sea level,an apparent relative mean sea level(RMSL)curve was further reconstructed.After systematical calibration using CALIB,those of the 48 reworked samples were further corrected for the residence-time effect.Similarly,the younger ages for another 35 samples were chosen at the subsample level.These result in a younger-oriented shift for about 0.5 ka.Three local spatial factors,including neotectonic subsidence(average rate about 0.1 mm/a),self-compaction of unconsolidated sediments(between a few decimeters to about 6 m)and subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal(between a few centimeters to about 2.5 m),were quantitatively corrected.Finally,the amended RMSL curve after eliminating all these local temporo-spatial factors is very likely to show non-existence of mid-Holocene highstand and imply potential influences of both ice-volume equivalent sea level and regional glacial isostatic adjustment.Although it is still unable to divide both global and regional factors,the slowdown of sea level rise,in 7.5–6.8 ka with a maximum height less than+1 m,may constrain the model effort in the near future.
