To investigate the impact of temporary structures on the mechanical behavior of shaped bridge towers during the construction process,the Dianbu River Special Bridge was selected as the engineering background.A finite ...To investigate the impact of temporary structures on the mechanical behavior of shaped bridge towers during the construction process,the Dianbu River Special Bridge was selected as the engineering background.A finite element model of the middle tower column during the construction stage was established using ABAQUS to analyze the effects of key parameters,including the angle and pretension of temporary cables,as well as the wall thickness and diameter of temporary diagonal braces.The study examines how these parameters influence the stresses at the towergirder consolidation.The results indicate that the angle of temporary cables significantly affects the tensile stresses at the tower-girder consolidation,while its impact on compressive stresses is minimal.Among all parameters,the pretension of temporary cables has the most pronounced effect on the stresses at the tower-girder consolidation.In contrast,the wall thickness of temporary diagonal braces has only a minor influence,whereas the diameter of temporary diagonal braces has an almost negligible impact.These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the design and arrangement of temporary support structures in similar bridge construction projects.展开更多
Sleep is a biological phenomenon with highly conserved evolutionary characteristics.The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society recommend that adults get at least 7 hours of sleep per night[1...Sleep is a biological phenomenon with highly conserved evolutionary characteristics.The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society recommend that adults get at least 7 hours of sleep per night[1].However,the stress caused by fast-paced life often leads to sleep deprivation(SD).SD is strongly associated with damage to the auditory system[2,3].Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)is a common sleep disorder.Clinical observations indicate that some patients with OSAHS experience persistent hearing loss accompanied by tinnitus and other symptoms[4].More than 61.8%of patients with sudden deafness experienced SD[5].展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophagogastric varices are a common complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and endoscopic treatment has been recognized as a primary preventive and therapeutic option for such patients;however,...BACKGROUND Esophagogastric varices are a common complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and endoscopic treatment has been recognized as a primary preventive and therapeutic option for such patients;however,it should be noted that bradyarrhythmia is regarded as one of the contraindications to endoscopic examination.Meanwhile,acute variceal bleeding may result in a high mortality rate in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension accompanied by bradyarrhythmia.At present,there is an absence of reports concerning the treatment of such group of patients who underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS).The present report details the case of a cirrhotic patient with acute variceal bleeding accompanied by bradyarrhythmia who underwent TIPS under temporary pacemaker protection.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 64-year-old male patient who was confirmed with bradyarrhythmia by ambulatory electrocardiogram 24 h before the operation.The patient was successfully treated by TIPS under temporary pacemaker protection.CONCLUSION In terms of cirrhotic patients with abnormal cardiac electrophysiological conduction,TIPS may be effective in reducing the complications of portal hypertension following the exclusion of severe pulmonary hypertension and heart failure,showing moderate feasibility in clinical applications.展开更多
The present work initially identified the design parameters of a temporary immersion bioreactor to later scale it to a complete system for the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i...The present work initially identified the design parameters of a temporary immersion bioreactor to later scale it to a complete system for the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> multiplication of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ananas comosus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> var. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trujillana</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Red. Thus, a low-cost pneumatic temporary immersion bioreactor system was designed and built with 24 tanks of 2 L each. The automation of the system was designed and implemented by means of a timer circuit whose design parameters were: duration of the propagation process, which depends on the multiplication period of the crop and is an open variable, which means that the operator decides when to turn off the system;the duration of each dive, which for reasons of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">complexity</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the algorithm was standardized as one minute;immersion frequency, which was programmed for intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 hours respectively and duration of aeration, which from a test run times of 0.20 were chosen, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 seconds that correspond to the time of delivery of compressed air;additionally, the multiplication rate of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ananas comosus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> var. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trujillana</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Red in the immersion system which was 6.5 times per propagative unit inoculated in thirty days.展开更多
Although several studies have reported on the propagation of the Sagittaria sagittifolia to date, none of these methods have efficiently achieved the mass production of these plants. The present study aimed to investi...Although several studies have reported on the propagation of the Sagittaria sagittifolia to date, none of these methods have efficiently achieved the mass production of these plants. The present study aimed to investigate the propagation and growth of S. sagittifolia using a temporary immersion bioreactor system （TIBS） compared with conventional semi-solid and liquid culture. The effect of different immersion frequencies and immersion times together with supplementation of various plant growth regulators to the Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium was evaluated on shoot proliferation and plant growth. The results showed that the higher immersion frequency （every 6 h） and shorter immersion time （3 min and 10 rain） in medium containing 4 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA produced the highest multiplication rate （23）, which are significantly higher than conventional semi-solid （3.6） and liquid （4.5） method, and the best plant growth parameter. While, the lower immersion frequency and longer immersion time （30 rain every 12 h and 60 min every 24 h） induced vitrification and pollution rate in shoot tips 16.6% and 19%, 42% and 37%, respectively. There is distinct decrease in pollution rate （8.3%） in TIBS （10 min every 6 h） compared with the conventional semi-solid and liquid cultures. Medium containing 4 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA using 10 min immersion every 6 h showed satisfaction at the rooting stage, with high shoot proliferation rate （21.6）, 100% rooting and 94% plant survival. Therefore, applying TIBS in S. sagittifolia is an efficient method for scaling up the production of plantlets with high quality seedlings.展开更多
By employing temporary immersion bioreactor system(TIBs),we studied virus-free culture of seedlings from sugarcane varieties ROC16 and ROC22,from medium recipe,inoculation amount,sucrose concentration,and variety diff...By employing temporary immersion bioreactor system(TIBs),we studied virus-free culture of seedlings from sugarcane varieties ROC16 and ROC22,from medium recipe,inoculation amount,sucrose concentration,and variety difference. The results showed,using this method,that proliferation rate of ROC16 improved by 40 times,per flask generated about 800 plantlets; of ROC22 improved by 30 times,per flask generated about 400-600 plantlets. The results provided basis for using TIBs in rapid propagation of plantlets via tissue culture.展开更多
Following the basic theory of protecting gas-reservoirs from damage with the temporary bridging technology,inert calcium carbonate(CaCO3)particles,whose diameter is consistent with the size of pores or apertures in th...Following the basic theory of protecting gas-reservoirs from damage with the temporary bridging technology,inert calcium carbonate(CaCO3)particles,whose diameter is consistent with the size of pores or apertures in the reservoir,were selected as the bridging agent,and modified resolvable starch was selected as filtration loss reducing particles to form the non-clay low damage temporary bridging drilling/completion fluids system(NLTDFS).Under the simulated condition of the well bottom during real drilling,NLTDFS was used to conduct dynamic and static damage experiments of cores for 48 hours,respectively,and then the experimented cores were permeated with pure nitrogen from the undamaged end to the damaged one to measure their recovery of permeability.The results showed that the permeability recovery rate of the core reached 90%or so,and the damaged depth was less than 1 cm,which demonstrates that NLTDFS has higher temporary bridging effectiveness and lower damage to the gas-reservoir than other drilling fluids system.NLTDFS has been used to drill many horizontal wells,and four of them have obtained high yield of natural gas.The yield of natural gas of LP1 well reached 85×104 m3/day after completion with the rump pipe.The formation of the stable well wall and smooth drilling led to an API loss less than 4 mL and an HTHP loss less than 15 mL.展开更多
Currently,people pay more and more attention to the transitional resettlement of victims after various natural disasters.There is an urgent need for a large number of temporary houses to resettle the victims after nat...Currently,people pay more and more attention to the transitional resettlement of victims after various natural disasters.There is an urgent need for a large number of temporary houses to resettle the victims after natural disasters.Disaster-relief temporary houses(DTHs)played an important role in the post-disaster resettlement in the past,which can not only be produced on a large scale,but also can be quickly and conveniently erected,which were the main means to solve the problem of transitional resettlement.However,due to their temporary nature,there was no extra energy consuming system installed in the DTHs generally.Hence the indoor thermal environment inside the DTHs was severe in summer.In this study,combined with the field experimental tests of the DTHs in Wenchuan Earthquake and Lushan Earthquake and the experimental study of the full-size DTH,it found that the thermal environment inside the DTH was intolerably high in summer.It had negative impact on victims.In order to improve the thermal environment inside DTHs during post-disaster period which lacked of extra energy resources,this study used the method of combining phase change materials(PCMs)with walls of the DTH to explore its feasibility and effectiveness.The results showed that PCMs could effectively improve the thermal environment inside the DTH in summer.Furthermore,the difference of the composite positions between PCMs and the wall affected the improvement effect.The energy release rate of the PCMs assembly system(PAS)varied according to the positions of the PCMs.展开更多
[ Objeelive] This study aimed to develop a rapid propagation method in a novel temporary immersion bioreactor system （TIS） for herbal plantlets com- pared with solid culture method. [ Method ] Three herbal species, ...[ Objeelive] This study aimed to develop a rapid propagation method in a novel temporary immersion bioreactor system （TIS） for herbal plantlets com- pared with solid culture method. [ Method ] Three herbal species, including Dendrobium candidum Wall. Ex IJndl （D. candidum）, Anoectochilus roxburghii （Wall.）Lindl. （A. roxburghii） and Lilium davidii var. unicolor （L. davidii）, were used and tested by TIS against solid culture method. [Result] When the two culture methods were compared, the multiplication rate of D. candidum in TIS was found to be 1 ： 24.71, which was 6.55 times to those of solid culture. The multiplication rate of A. roxburghii was higher than those of the solid culture, but the plantlets was poorer than those of solid culture at the last phase in bioreactor culture, under the culture condition tested. The multiplication rate in TIS ofL. davidii was 1：17.23 whilst the rate was only 1：4.45 on solid culture, resulting larger bulbs than those in the solid culture. [ Conclusion] The TIS designed in our study could provide a potential mean for industrial production of plandets. However, the parameters vary greatly among different species, and it is to be optimized according to plant species.展开更多
The swinging type temporary immersion bioreactors system （S-TTBs） is a kind of new and advanced method of tissue culture. The efficient multiplica- tion technology of blueberry （ Vaccinium corymbosum） plantlets in...The swinging type temporary immersion bioreactors system （S-TTBs） is a kind of new and advanced method of tissue culture. The efficient multiplica- tion technology of blueberry （ Vaccinium corymbosum） plantlets in S-TTBs was systematically studied through L9 （3^4） orthogonal experiment with three factors （culture medimn volmne, swing angle, and inoculation density） and completely randomized experiment with two factors （swing frequency and immersion time）. The results showed that the optimal culture parameters were set as follows： the culture medium volume of 250 nil/bottle, the swing angle at 45 ° , and the inoculation density of 60 plantlets/bottle. The optimal swing frequency was 1 time/6 h, and the immersion time was set as 60 s.展开更多
In the development of techniques by using a bioreactor to produce a special protein,and the establishment of a temporary expression system from primary cell culture oîspecial tissueto analyze the expression regul...In the development of techniques by using a bioreactor to produce a special protein,and the establishment of a temporary expression system from primary cell culture oîspecial tissueto analyze the expression regulators and the recombinant gene will greatly expedite the progress ofresearch.This paper is the first report on the establis hment of a temporary expression system fromthe primary culture of chicken oviduet epithelium,which continvously synthesized and secretedovalbumin(OA)during more than two weeks of incubation.When the secretion function of the cellsdecreased,it cauld be restored in most of the cells by adding bormones in the culture medium withinone week of incubation,The OA can be quickly and easily measured by using dot immuofiltrationassay in the cell culture medium because it is a kind of secretary protein.In order to examinewhether the exogenous genes can be expressed in the primary culture cells,the green fluorescentprotein gene(GFPG)was transfected into oviduet cells,and green fluorescence was observed in thecytoplasm of the epithelial cells.These results indicate that the temporary expression system inchicken oviduct epithelium is an effective and convenient system to analyze the expression regulatorsand the recambinant gene.展开更多
Temporary plugging and diversion fracturing(TPDF)is widely used to promote the uniform and complex distribution of multi-clustered hydraulic fractures(HFs)in a horizontal well of the unconventional formations.However,...Temporary plugging and diversion fracturing(TPDF)is widely used to promote the uniform and complex distribution of multi-clustered hydraulic fractures(HFs)in a horizontal well of the unconventional formations.However,the migration behavior of temporary plugging agent(TPA),as a function of the concentration and particle size of TPA and cluster-perforation numbers,etc.,determining the effectiveness of this technique,remains unclear.Therefore,this study conducted innovatively a series of TPDF simulation experiments on transparent polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)specimens(cubic block of 30 cm×30 cm×30 cm)to explore visually the migration behavior of TPA in multi-clustered HFs in a horizontal well.A laboratory hydraulic sandblasting perforation completion technique was implemented to simulate the multi-cluster perforations.All the distributions of wellbore,perforations,HFs,and TPA can be seen clearly inside the PMMA specimen post the experiment.The results show that there are four characteristic plugging positions for the TPA:mouth of HF,middle of HF,tip of HF,and the intersection of HFs.Small particle size TPA tends to migrate to the fracture tip for plugging,while large particle size TPA tends to plug at the fracture mouth.The migration of the TPA is influenced obviously by the morphology of the fracture wall.A smooth fracture wall is conducive to the migration of the TPA to the far end of HFs,but not conducive to generating the plugging zone and HF diversion.In contrast,a"leaf vein"fracture of rough wall is conducive to generating the plugging layer and the diversion of HFs,but not conducive to the migration of the TPA to the far end of HFs.The migration ability of TPA in a"shell"pattern is intermediate between the two above cases.Increasing TPA concentration can encourage TPA to migrate more quickly to the characteristic plugging position,and thereby to promote the creation of effective plugging and subsequently the multi-stage diversion of the HFs.Nevertheless,excessive concentration may cause the TPA to settle prematurely,affecting the propagation of the HFs to the far end.Increasing the number of clusters to a certain extent can encourage TPA to migrate into the HFs and form plugging,and promote the diversion.An evaluation system for the migration ability of granular TPA has been established,and it was calculated that when there is no plugging expectation target,the comprehensive migration ability of small particle size TPA is stronger than that of large particle size TPA.This research provides theoretical foundation for the optimization of temporary plugging parameters.展开更多
Urban underutilized spaces,often the secondary by-products of large infrastructure projects,are often overlooked,despite their potential to enhance city life.With meaningful design interventions,these neglected areas ...Urban underutilized spaces,often the secondary by-products of large infrastructure projects,are often overlooked,despite their potential to enhance city life.With meaningful design interventions,these neglected areas can be transformed into inclusive public environments that offer social,environmental,and cultural value.This research investigates how modular,temporary installations beneath Toronto’s Gardiner Expressway,in Canada,can enhance thermal comfort and foster community engagement during the shoulder seasons.Using a multi-step methodology,including literature review,thermal comfort guidelines,site-specific climate analysis,and precedent studies,the research identifies key design strategies tailored to the unique microclimatic and social conditions of under-bridge spaces.The study culminates in the proposal of a flexible system of movable panels that provide wind protection,solar control,and opportunities for gathering,interaction,and rest.By reimagining these unnoticed infrastructure zones as adaptable,climate-responsive public spaces,this research contributes to sustainable urban design and highlights the importance of design strategies that address the challenges of a warming and increasingly variable climate.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intramural pregnancy is rare,with an unclear etiology and pathophysiology.Surgical,medical,and expectant management options are available for this condition.However,most reported cases are managed surgicall...BACKGROUND Intramural pregnancy is rare,with an unclear etiology and pathophysiology.Surgical,medical,and expectant management options are available for this condition.However,most reported cases are managed surgically.Despite the risks of massive intraoperative bleeding and acute and long-term complications,uterine artery embolization is often selected.Temporary occlusion of the bilateral uterine arteries during surgery is associated with fewer complications.CASE SUMMARY We reported the case of a patient who was diagnosed with intramural pregnancy approximately one month after medical abortion.We performed laparoscopic resection with hysteroscopy.Since the lesion had abundant blood flow,we temporarily blocked the bilateral uterine arteries to prevent massive intraop-erative bleeding.The surgical process went smoothly.The postoperative course was uneventful.CONCLUSION Temporary occlusion of the bilateral uterine arteries in the treatment of intramural pregnancy may prevent excessive uterine bleeding during surgery.展开更多
Objective: This study assessed the effects of consuming acetic acid bacteria (Gluconacetobacter hansenii GK-1) for 12 weeks on fatigue induced by temporary mental stress. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placeb...Objective: This study assessed the effects of consuming acetic acid bacteria (Gluconacetobacter hansenii GK-1) for 12 weeks on fatigue induced by temporary mental stress. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study included 100 healthy male and female adults aged 20 - 64 years. Participants consumed either the G. hansenii GK-1 supplement (9 × 10⁹ cells/day) or a placebo daily for 12 weeks. The impact of temporary mental stress on fatigue in G. hansenii GK-1 was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before the study began and after 12 weeks of supplementation. Results: Subjective fatigue measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) showed a significant decrease in fatigue induced by temporary mental stress after 12 weeks of consumption in the G. hansenii GK-1 group compared with the placebo group. No adverse events were attributed to G. hansenii GK-1. These findings confirm that continuous oral ingestion of G. hansenii GK-1 by healthy Japanese adults reduces feelings of fatigue caused by temporary mental stress.展开更多
Multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing(MMF)is a crucial technology in unconventional oil and gas development,aiming to enhance production by creating extensive fracture networks.However,achieving uniform expansion o...Multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing(MMF)is a crucial technology in unconventional oil and gas development,aiming to enhance production by creating extensive fracture networks.However,achieving uniform expansion of multi-cluster hydraulic fractures(HFs)in MMF remains a significant challenge.Field practice has shown that the use of temporary plugging and diversion fracturing(TPDF)can promote the balanced expansion of multi-cluster HFs.This study conducted TPDF experiments using a true triaxial fracturing simulation system setting a horizontal well completion with multi-cluster jetting perforations to investigate the equilibrium initiation and extension of multi-cluster fractures.The influence of key parameters,including cluster spacing,fracturing fluid viscosity,differential stress,and fracturing fluid injection rate,on fracture initiation and propagation was systematically examined.The results indicate that while close-spaced multi-cluster fracturing significantly increases the number of HFs,it also leads to uneven extension of HFs in their propagation.In contrast,TPDF demonstrates effectiveness in mitigating uneven HF extension,increasing the number of HFs,and creating a larger stimulated reservoir volume,ultimately leading to improved oil and gas well productivity.Moreover,under conditions of high differential stress,the differential stress within the formation exerts a stronger guiding effect in HFs,which are more closely aligned with the minimum principal stress.Low-viscosity fluids facilitate rapid and extensive fracture propagation within the rock formation.High-volume fluid injection,on the other hand,more comprehensively fills the formation.Therefore,employing lowviscosity and high-volume fracturing is advantageous for the initiation and extension of multi-cluster HFs.展开更多
Surface water plays an essential role in the ecohydrological cycle,especially in water-scarce regions.Changes in surface water restrict social,economic,and agricultural development.However,the patterns and underlying ...Surface water plays an essential role in the ecohydrological cycle,especially in water-scarce regions.Changes in surface water restrict social,economic,and agricultural development.However,the patterns and underlying causes of surface water changes over varying frequencies in global arid regions remain unclear.Thus,this study investigated the changes in surface water and the underlying causes using the trend analysis and Spearman correlation coefficient on the basis of multi-source remote sensing and climate datasets across global arid regions during 2000–2020.The surface water was divided into temporary surface water(TSW),seasonal surface water(SSW),and permanent surface water(PSW)by calculating the surface water inundation frequency.Considering that surface water may be influenced by precipitation in the upper basins,we analyzed the response of surface water area to climatic factors at the basin scale.The area of all surface water(ASW)increased dramatically in global arid regions from 2000 to 2020,increasing from 61.88×104 to 67.40×104 km^(2);however,this increase was accompanied by a decrease in surface water inundation frequency.TSW increased by 55.46%relative to its area in 2000,with a net change rate of 3284.00 km^(2)/a.Changes in surface water were predominantly observed in the Kyzylkum Desert in Central Asia,the Thar Desert in southwestern Asia,and the deserts in Oceania.Precipitation had a significant effect on SSW and TSW at the basin scale.The correlation between precipitation and SSW area can reach 0.808 in the Indus River Basin of the Thar Desert(P<0.01).The findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of surface water variability in global arid regions,carrying significant practical implications for the scientific management of surface water at different frequencies.展开更多
Analyzes and calculates the process of development of a temporary cavity in the muscle directly after a projectile wounds organisms at a high speed. The muscle is taken as a non compressible Voigt Kelvin viscoel...Analyzes and calculates the process of development of a temporary cavity in the muscle directly after a projectile wounds organisms at a high speed. The muscle is taken as a non compressible Voigt Kelvin viscoelastic fluid model, on the assumption of moving in a radial direction and on spherical symmetry, a theoretical model proposed using the basic equations of the non Newtonian fluid mechanics. The model can well describe the pulsation process of the temporary cavity and changes of pressure in the cavity. The calculated results are in correspondence with the experimental results. The model can be applied in the quantitative analysis of a temporary cavity.展开更多
Mg and its alloys are drawing huge attention since the last two decades as a viable option for temporary implants applications.A commendable progress has already been made in the development of these alloys.The biodeg...Mg and its alloys are drawing huge attention since the last two decades as a viable option for temporary implants applications.A commendable progress has already been made in the development of these alloys.The biodegradable nature of Mg,appreciable biocompatibility of elemental Mg,and its close resemblance to natural bone in terms of density and elastic modulus make them highly preferable option amongst other available alternatives in this field.This review article presents an overview covering the recent advancements made in the field of Mg-based biodegradable implants for orthopaedic implant applications.The paper focuses on alloy development and fabrication techniques,the state of the art of important Mg-based alloy systems in terms of their mechanical properties,in-vitro and in-vivo degradation behaviour and cytotoxicity.Further,the paper reviews the current progress achieved in the clinical transition of Mg-based alloys for orthopaedic fixtures.The review also includes the degradation mechanisms of the alloys in physiological environment and highlights the mismatch existing between the rate of bone healing and alloy degradation due to rapid corrosion of the alloys in such environment,which has still restricted their widespread application.Finally,the surface coating techniques available for the alloys as an effective way to reduce the degradation rate are reviewed,followed by a discussion on the future research prospects.展开更多
AIM To compare the 3 main techniques of temporary closure of the abdominal cavity,vacuum assisted closure(vacuum-assisted closure therapy- VAC),Bogota bag and Barker technique,in damage control surgery.METHODS After s...AIM To compare the 3 main techniques of temporary closure of the abdominal cavity,vacuum assisted closure(vacuum-assisted closure therapy- VAC),Bogota bag and Barker technique,in damage control surgery.METHODS After systematic review of the literature,33 articles were selected to compare the efficiency of the three procedures.Criteria such as cost,infections,capacity of reconstruction of the abdominal wall,diseases associated with the technique,among others were analyzed.RESULTS The Bogota bag and Barker techniques present as advantage the availability of material and low cost,what is not observed in the VAC procedure.The VAC technique is the most efficient,not only because it reduces the tension on the boarders of the lesion,but also removes stagnant fluids and debris and acts at cellular level increasing cell proliferation and division.Bogota bag presents the higher rates of skin laceration and evisceration,greater need for a stent for draining fluids and wash-ups,higher rates of intestinal adhesion to the abdominal wall.The Barker technique presents lack of efficiency in closing the abdominal wall and difficulty on maintaining pressure on the dressing.The VAC dressing can generate irritation and dermatitis when the drape is applied,in addition to pain,infection and bleeding,as well as toxic shock syndrome,anaerobic sepsis and thrombosis.CONCLUSION The VAC technique,showed to be superior allowing a better control of liquid on the third space,avoiding complications such as fistula with small mortality,low infection rate,and easier capability on primary closure of the abdominal cavity.展开更多
文摘To investigate the impact of temporary structures on the mechanical behavior of shaped bridge towers during the construction process,the Dianbu River Special Bridge was selected as the engineering background.A finite element model of the middle tower column during the construction stage was established using ABAQUS to analyze the effects of key parameters,including the angle and pretension of temporary cables,as well as the wall thickness and diameter of temporary diagonal braces.The study examines how these parameters influence the stresses at the towergirder consolidation.The results indicate that the angle of temporary cables significantly affects the tensile stresses at the tower-girder consolidation,while its impact on compressive stresses is minimal.Among all parameters,the pretension of temporary cables has the most pronounced effect on the stresses at the tower-girder consolidation.In contrast,the wall thickness of temporary diagonal braces has only a minor influence,whereas the diameter of temporary diagonal braces has an almost negligible impact.These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the design and arrangement of temporary support structures in similar bridge construction projects.
文摘Sleep is a biological phenomenon with highly conserved evolutionary characteristics.The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society recommend that adults get at least 7 hours of sleep per night[1].However,the stress caused by fast-paced life often leads to sleep deprivation(SD).SD is strongly associated with damage to the auditory system[2,3].Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)is a common sleep disorder.Clinical observations indicate that some patients with OSAHS experience persistent hearing loss accompanied by tinnitus and other symptoms[4].More than 61.8%of patients with sudden deafness experienced SD[5].
文摘BACKGROUND Esophagogastric varices are a common complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and endoscopic treatment has been recognized as a primary preventive and therapeutic option for such patients;however,it should be noted that bradyarrhythmia is regarded as one of the contraindications to endoscopic examination.Meanwhile,acute variceal bleeding may result in a high mortality rate in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension accompanied by bradyarrhythmia.At present,there is an absence of reports concerning the treatment of such group of patients who underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS).The present report details the case of a cirrhotic patient with acute variceal bleeding accompanied by bradyarrhythmia who underwent TIPS under temporary pacemaker protection.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 64-year-old male patient who was confirmed with bradyarrhythmia by ambulatory electrocardiogram 24 h before the operation.The patient was successfully treated by TIPS under temporary pacemaker protection.CONCLUSION In terms of cirrhotic patients with abnormal cardiac electrophysiological conduction,TIPS may be effective in reducing the complications of portal hypertension following the exclusion of severe pulmonary hypertension and heart failure,showing moderate feasibility in clinical applications.
文摘The present work initially identified the design parameters of a temporary immersion bioreactor to later scale it to a complete system for the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> multiplication of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ananas comosus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> var. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trujillana</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Red. Thus, a low-cost pneumatic temporary immersion bioreactor system was designed and built with 24 tanks of 2 L each. The automation of the system was designed and implemented by means of a timer circuit whose design parameters were: duration of the propagation process, which depends on the multiplication period of the crop and is an open variable, which means that the operator decides when to turn off the system;the duration of each dive, which for reasons of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">complexity</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the algorithm was standardized as one minute;immersion frequency, which was programmed for intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 hours respectively and duration of aeration, which from a test run times of 0.20 were chosen, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 seconds that correspond to the time of delivery of compressed air;additionally, the multiplication rate of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ananas comosus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> var. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trujillana</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Red in the immersion system which was 6.5 times per propagative unit inoculated in thirty days.
文摘Although several studies have reported on the propagation of the Sagittaria sagittifolia to date, none of these methods have efficiently achieved the mass production of these plants. The present study aimed to investigate the propagation and growth of S. sagittifolia using a temporary immersion bioreactor system （TIBS） compared with conventional semi-solid and liquid culture. The effect of different immersion frequencies and immersion times together with supplementation of various plant growth regulators to the Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium was evaluated on shoot proliferation and plant growth. The results showed that the higher immersion frequency （every 6 h） and shorter immersion time （3 min and 10 rain） in medium containing 4 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA produced the highest multiplication rate （23）, which are significantly higher than conventional semi-solid （3.6） and liquid （4.5） method, and the best plant growth parameter. While, the lower immersion frequency and longer immersion time （30 rain every 12 h and 60 min every 24 h） induced vitrification and pollution rate in shoot tips 16.6% and 19%, 42% and 37%, respectively. There is distinct decrease in pollution rate （8.3%） in TIBS （10 min every 6 h） compared with the conventional semi-solid and liquid cultures. Medium containing 4 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA using 10 min immersion every 6 h showed satisfaction at the rooting stage, with high shoot proliferation rate （21.6）, 100% rooting and 94% plant survival. Therefore, applying TIBS in S. sagittifolia is an efficient method for scaling up the production of plantlets with high quality seedlings.
基金Supported by Youth Science Foundation of Guangxi ( Guikeqing0832060)S&T Development Project from Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2006006)~~
文摘By employing temporary immersion bioreactor system(TIBs),we studied virus-free culture of seedlings from sugarcane varieties ROC16 and ROC22,from medium recipe,inoculation amount,sucrose concentration,and variety difference. The results showed,using this method,that proliferation rate of ROC16 improved by 40 times,per flask generated about 800 plantlets; of ROC22 improved by 30 times,per flask generated about 400-600 plantlets. The results provided basis for using TIBs in rapid propagation of plantlets via tissue culture.
文摘Following the basic theory of protecting gas-reservoirs from damage with the temporary bridging technology,inert calcium carbonate(CaCO3)particles,whose diameter is consistent with the size of pores or apertures in the reservoir,were selected as the bridging agent,and modified resolvable starch was selected as filtration loss reducing particles to form the non-clay low damage temporary bridging drilling/completion fluids system(NLTDFS).Under the simulated condition of the well bottom during real drilling,NLTDFS was used to conduct dynamic and static damage experiments of cores for 48 hours,respectively,and then the experimented cores were permeated with pure nitrogen from the undamaged end to the damaged one to measure their recovery of permeability.The results showed that the permeability recovery rate of the core reached 90%or so,and the damaged depth was less than 1 cm,which demonstrates that NLTDFS has higher temporary bridging effectiveness and lower damage to the gas-reservoir than other drilling fluids system.NLTDFS has been used to drill many horizontal wells,and four of them have obtained high yield of natural gas.The yield of natural gas of LP1 well reached 85×104 m3/day after completion with the rump pipe.The formation of the stable well wall and smooth drilling led to an API loss less than 4 mL and an HTHP loss less than 15 mL.
文摘Currently,people pay more and more attention to the transitional resettlement of victims after various natural disasters.There is an urgent need for a large number of temporary houses to resettle the victims after natural disasters.Disaster-relief temporary houses(DTHs)played an important role in the post-disaster resettlement in the past,which can not only be produced on a large scale,but also can be quickly and conveniently erected,which were the main means to solve the problem of transitional resettlement.However,due to their temporary nature,there was no extra energy consuming system installed in the DTHs generally.Hence the indoor thermal environment inside the DTHs was severe in summer.In this study,combined with the field experimental tests of the DTHs in Wenchuan Earthquake and Lushan Earthquake and the experimental study of the full-size DTH,it found that the thermal environment inside the DTH was intolerably high in summer.It had negative impact on victims.In order to improve the thermal environment inside DTHs during post-disaster period which lacked of extra energy resources,this study used the method of combining phase change materials(PCMs)with walls of the DTH to explore its feasibility and effectiveness.The results showed that PCMs could effectively improve the thermal environment inside the DTH in summer.Furthermore,the difference of the composite positions between PCMs and the wall affected the improvement effect.The energy release rate of the PCMs assembly system(PAS)varied according to the positions of the PCMs.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30971898)
文摘[ Objeelive] This study aimed to develop a rapid propagation method in a novel temporary immersion bioreactor system （TIS） for herbal plantlets com- pared with solid culture method. [ Method ] Three herbal species, including Dendrobium candidum Wall. Ex IJndl （D. candidum）, Anoectochilus roxburghii （Wall.）Lindl. （A. roxburghii） and Lilium davidii var. unicolor （L. davidii）, were used and tested by TIS against solid culture method. [Result] When the two culture methods were compared, the multiplication rate of D. candidum in TIS was found to be 1 ： 24.71, which was 6.55 times to those of solid culture. The multiplication rate of A. roxburghii was higher than those of the solid culture, but the plantlets was poorer than those of solid culture at the last phase in bioreactor culture, under the culture condition tested. The multiplication rate in TIS ofL. davidii was 1：17.23 whilst the rate was only 1：4.45 on solid culture, resulting larger bulbs than those in the solid culture. [ Conclusion] The TIS designed in our study could provide a potential mean for industrial production of plandets. However, the parameters vary greatly among different species, and it is to be optimized according to plant species.
基金Supported by the Three New Project of Forestry in Jiangsu Province(LYSX[2016]46)the"Three-updating"Project of Agricultural in Changzhou City
文摘The swinging type temporary immersion bioreactors system （S-TTBs） is a kind of new and advanced method of tissue culture. The efficient multiplica- tion technology of blueberry （ Vaccinium corymbosum） plantlets in S-TTBs was systematically studied through L9 （3^4） orthogonal experiment with three factors （culture medimn volmne, swing angle, and inoculation density） and completely randomized experiment with two factors （swing frequency and immersion time）. The results showed that the optimal culture parameters were set as follows： the culture medium volume of 250 nil/bottle, the swing angle at 45 ° , and the inoculation density of 60 plantlets/bottle. The optimal swing frequency was 1 time/6 h, and the immersion time was set as 60 s.
文摘In the development of techniques by using a bioreactor to produce a special protein,and the establishment of a temporary expression system from primary cell culture oîspecial tissueto analyze the expression regulators and the recombinant gene will greatly expedite the progress ofresearch.This paper is the first report on the establis hment of a temporary expression system fromthe primary culture of chicken oviduet epithelium,which continvously synthesized and secretedovalbumin(OA)during more than two weeks of incubation.When the secretion function of the cellsdecreased,it cauld be restored in most of the cells by adding bormones in the culture medium withinone week of incubation,The OA can be quickly and easily measured by using dot immuofiltrationassay in the cell culture medium because it is a kind of secretary protein.In order to examinewhether the exogenous genes can be expressed in the primary culture cells,the green fluorescentprotein gene(GFPG)was transfected into oviduet cells,and green fluorescence was observed in thecytoplasm of the epithelial cells.These results indicate that the temporary expression system inchicken oviduct epithelium is an effective and convenient system to analyze the expression regulatorsand the recambinant gene.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund for Enterprise Innovation and Development,Enrichment Mechanism and Stereoscopic Development of Shale Oil in Continental Rift Basins(No.U24B6002).
文摘Temporary plugging and diversion fracturing(TPDF)is widely used to promote the uniform and complex distribution of multi-clustered hydraulic fractures(HFs)in a horizontal well of the unconventional formations.However,the migration behavior of temporary plugging agent(TPA),as a function of the concentration and particle size of TPA and cluster-perforation numbers,etc.,determining the effectiveness of this technique,remains unclear.Therefore,this study conducted innovatively a series of TPDF simulation experiments on transparent polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)specimens(cubic block of 30 cm×30 cm×30 cm)to explore visually the migration behavior of TPA in multi-clustered HFs in a horizontal well.A laboratory hydraulic sandblasting perforation completion technique was implemented to simulate the multi-cluster perforations.All the distributions of wellbore,perforations,HFs,and TPA can be seen clearly inside the PMMA specimen post the experiment.The results show that there are four characteristic plugging positions for the TPA:mouth of HF,middle of HF,tip of HF,and the intersection of HFs.Small particle size TPA tends to migrate to the fracture tip for plugging,while large particle size TPA tends to plug at the fracture mouth.The migration of the TPA is influenced obviously by the morphology of the fracture wall.A smooth fracture wall is conducive to the migration of the TPA to the far end of HFs,but not conducive to generating the plugging zone and HF diversion.In contrast,a"leaf vein"fracture of rough wall is conducive to generating the plugging layer and the diversion of HFs,but not conducive to the migration of the TPA to the far end of HFs.The migration ability of TPA in a"shell"pattern is intermediate between the two above cases.Increasing TPA concentration can encourage TPA to migrate more quickly to the characteristic plugging position,and thereby to promote the creation of effective plugging and subsequently the multi-stage diversion of the HFs.Nevertheless,excessive concentration may cause the TPA to settle prematurely,affecting the propagation of the HFs to the far end.Increasing the number of clusters to a certain extent can encourage TPA to migrate into the HFs and form plugging,and promote the diversion.An evaluation system for the migration ability of granular TPA has been established,and it was calculated that when there is no plugging expectation target,the comprehensive migration ability of small particle size TPA is stronger than that of large particle size TPA.This research provides theoretical foundation for the optimization of temporary plugging parameters.
文摘Urban underutilized spaces,often the secondary by-products of large infrastructure projects,are often overlooked,despite their potential to enhance city life.With meaningful design interventions,these neglected areas can be transformed into inclusive public environments that offer social,environmental,and cultural value.This research investigates how modular,temporary installations beneath Toronto’s Gardiner Expressway,in Canada,can enhance thermal comfort and foster community engagement during the shoulder seasons.Using a multi-step methodology,including literature review,thermal comfort guidelines,site-specific climate analysis,and precedent studies,the research identifies key design strategies tailored to the unique microclimatic and social conditions of under-bridge spaces.The study culminates in the proposal of a flexible system of movable panels that provide wind protection,solar control,and opportunities for gathering,interaction,and rest.By reimagining these unnoticed infrastructure zones as adaptable,climate-responsive public spaces,this research contributes to sustainable urban design and highlights the importance of design strategies that address the challenges of a warming and increasingly variable climate.
文摘BACKGROUND Intramural pregnancy is rare,with an unclear etiology and pathophysiology.Surgical,medical,and expectant management options are available for this condition.However,most reported cases are managed surgically.Despite the risks of massive intraoperative bleeding and acute and long-term complications,uterine artery embolization is often selected.Temporary occlusion of the bilateral uterine arteries during surgery is associated with fewer complications.CASE SUMMARY We reported the case of a patient who was diagnosed with intramural pregnancy approximately one month after medical abortion.We performed laparoscopic resection with hysteroscopy.Since the lesion had abundant blood flow,we temporarily blocked the bilateral uterine arteries to prevent massive intraop-erative bleeding.The surgical process went smoothly.The postoperative course was uneventful.CONCLUSION Temporary occlusion of the bilateral uterine arteries in the treatment of intramural pregnancy may prevent excessive uterine bleeding during surgery.
文摘Objective: This study assessed the effects of consuming acetic acid bacteria (Gluconacetobacter hansenii GK-1) for 12 weeks on fatigue induced by temporary mental stress. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study included 100 healthy male and female adults aged 20 - 64 years. Participants consumed either the G. hansenii GK-1 supplement (9 × 10⁹ cells/day) or a placebo daily for 12 weeks. The impact of temporary mental stress on fatigue in G. hansenii GK-1 was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before the study began and after 12 weeks of supplementation. Results: Subjective fatigue measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) showed a significant decrease in fatigue induced by temporary mental stress after 12 weeks of consumption in the G. hansenii GK-1 group compared with the placebo group. No adverse events were attributed to G. hansenii GK-1. These findings confirm that continuous oral ingestion of G. hansenii GK-1 by healthy Japanese adults reduces feelings of fatigue caused by temporary mental stress.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104046).
文摘Multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing(MMF)is a crucial technology in unconventional oil and gas development,aiming to enhance production by creating extensive fracture networks.However,achieving uniform expansion of multi-cluster hydraulic fractures(HFs)in MMF remains a significant challenge.Field practice has shown that the use of temporary plugging and diversion fracturing(TPDF)can promote the balanced expansion of multi-cluster HFs.This study conducted TPDF experiments using a true triaxial fracturing simulation system setting a horizontal well completion with multi-cluster jetting perforations to investigate the equilibrium initiation and extension of multi-cluster fractures.The influence of key parameters,including cluster spacing,fracturing fluid viscosity,differential stress,and fracturing fluid injection rate,on fracture initiation and propagation was systematically examined.The results indicate that while close-spaced multi-cluster fracturing significantly increases the number of HFs,it also leads to uneven extension of HFs in their propagation.In contrast,TPDF demonstrates effectiveness in mitigating uneven HF extension,increasing the number of HFs,and creating a larger stimulated reservoir volume,ultimately leading to improved oil and gas well productivity.Moreover,under conditions of high differential stress,the differential stress within the formation exerts a stronger guiding effect in HFs,which are more closely aligned with the minimum principal stress.Low-viscosity fluids facilitate rapid and extensive fracture propagation within the rock formation.High-volume fluid injection,on the other hand,more comprehensively fills the formation.Therefore,employing lowviscosity and high-volume fracturing is advantageous for the initiation and extension of multi-cluster HFs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3208701)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(B210201035).
文摘Surface water plays an essential role in the ecohydrological cycle,especially in water-scarce regions.Changes in surface water restrict social,economic,and agricultural development.However,the patterns and underlying causes of surface water changes over varying frequencies in global arid regions remain unclear.Thus,this study investigated the changes in surface water and the underlying causes using the trend analysis and Spearman correlation coefficient on the basis of multi-source remote sensing and climate datasets across global arid regions during 2000–2020.The surface water was divided into temporary surface water(TSW),seasonal surface water(SSW),and permanent surface water(PSW)by calculating the surface water inundation frequency.Considering that surface water may be influenced by precipitation in the upper basins,we analyzed the response of surface water area to climatic factors at the basin scale.The area of all surface water(ASW)increased dramatically in global arid regions from 2000 to 2020,increasing from 61.88×104 to 67.40×104 km^(2);however,this increase was accompanied by a decrease in surface water inundation frequency.TSW increased by 55.46%relative to its area in 2000,with a net change rate of 3284.00 km^(2)/a.Changes in surface water were predominantly observed in the Kyzylkum Desert in Central Asia,the Thar Desert in southwestern Asia,and the deserts in Oceania.Precipitation had a significant effect on SSW and TSW at the basin scale.The correlation between precipitation and SSW area can reach 0.808 in the Indus River Basin of the Thar Desert(P<0.01).The findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of surface water variability in global arid regions,carrying significant practical implications for the scientific management of surface water at different frequencies.
文摘Analyzes and calculates the process of development of a temporary cavity in the muscle directly after a projectile wounds organisms at a high speed. The muscle is taken as a non compressible Voigt Kelvin viscoelastic fluid model, on the assumption of moving in a radial direction and on spherical symmetry, a theoretical model proposed using the basic equations of the non Newtonian fluid mechanics. The model can well describe the pulsation process of the temporary cavity and changes of pressure in the cavity. The calculated results are in correspondence with the experimental results. The model can be applied in the quantitative analysis of a temporary cavity.
文摘Mg and its alloys are drawing huge attention since the last two decades as a viable option for temporary implants applications.A commendable progress has already been made in the development of these alloys.The biodegradable nature of Mg,appreciable biocompatibility of elemental Mg,and its close resemblance to natural bone in terms of density and elastic modulus make them highly preferable option amongst other available alternatives in this field.This review article presents an overview covering the recent advancements made in the field of Mg-based biodegradable implants for orthopaedic implant applications.The paper focuses on alloy development and fabrication techniques,the state of the art of important Mg-based alloy systems in terms of their mechanical properties,in-vitro and in-vivo degradation behaviour and cytotoxicity.Further,the paper reviews the current progress achieved in the clinical transition of Mg-based alloys for orthopaedic fixtures.The review also includes the degradation mechanisms of the alloys in physiological environment and highlights the mismatch existing between the rate of bone healing and alloy degradation due to rapid corrosion of the alloys in such environment,which has still restricted their widespread application.Finally,the surface coating techniques available for the alloys as an effective way to reduce the degradation rate are reviewed,followed by a discussion on the future research prospects.
文摘AIM To compare the 3 main techniques of temporary closure of the abdominal cavity,vacuum assisted closure(vacuum-assisted closure therapy- VAC),Bogota bag and Barker technique,in damage control surgery.METHODS After systematic review of the literature,33 articles were selected to compare the efficiency of the three procedures.Criteria such as cost,infections,capacity of reconstruction of the abdominal wall,diseases associated with the technique,among others were analyzed.RESULTS The Bogota bag and Barker techniques present as advantage the availability of material and low cost,what is not observed in the VAC procedure.The VAC technique is the most efficient,not only because it reduces the tension on the boarders of the lesion,but also removes stagnant fluids and debris and acts at cellular level increasing cell proliferation and division.Bogota bag presents the higher rates of skin laceration and evisceration,greater need for a stent for draining fluids and wash-ups,higher rates of intestinal adhesion to the abdominal wall.The Barker technique presents lack of efficiency in closing the abdominal wall and difficulty on maintaining pressure on the dressing.The VAC dressing can generate irritation and dermatitis when the drape is applied,in addition to pain,infection and bleeding,as well as toxic shock syndrome,anaerobic sepsis and thrombosis.CONCLUSION The VAC technique,showed to be superior allowing a better control of liquid on the third space,avoiding complications such as fistula with small mortality,low infection rate,and easier capability on primary closure of the abdominal cavity.
