[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the temporal-spatial variation of Inner Mongolian grassland degradation during past three decades. [Method] The dis- tribution characteristics of grassland were described by lan...[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the temporal-spatial variation of Inner Mongolian grassland degradation during past three decades. [Method] The dis- tribution characteristics of grassland were described by land use types supervised classification with TM/ETM. Then, temporal-spatial changes of grassland coverage were quantified by the mean of maximum vegetation coverage in last 30 years. Lastly, the grassland degradation reasons were explored through statistic analysis between the grassland coverage and precipitation, temperature and grazing intensity. [Result] The grassland degradation index of Inner Mongolia was increased from 1.38 to 1.68, and the smallest was 1.28 in 2005s. Grassland degradation and improve- ment were concurrent after 1980s, but grassland degradation was the major change trend for Inner Mongolia grassland. The area of grassland degradation was enlarged from 18.08×10^4 km2 in 1980s to 22.47×10^4 km2 in 2010s on the whole and distribu- tion range was shifted from central-eastern to west in Inner Mongolia that mainly distributed on Hulun Buir and Xilin Gol grassland in 1980s and Ordos and Alax grassland in 2010s. The grassland area of degradation had a rising trend form 1980s to 1995s, then reduced to 10.8x104 km2 in 2005s, and decreased in 2010s, which mainly speared in the west of Xilin Gol grassland. [Conclusion] Inner Mongo-lian grassland degradation were become more seriously in last 30 years because that temperature, precipitation and graze intensities change, which not performance on decreasing coverage but grassland areas.展开更多
[ Objective] The research aimed to study temporal-spatial change characteristics of the extremely low temperature climate event in winter of China. [MethodI By using actual probability distribution threshold value met...[ Objective] The research aimed to study temporal-spatial change characteristics of the extremely low temperature climate event in winter of China. [MethodI By using actual probability distribution threshold value method, EOF analysis method and the daily minimum temperature data in winter of 1961 -2008 at 195 observatories of China, temporal-spatial change characteristics of the extremely low temperature climate event in win- ter of China in 48 years were analyzed. [ Result] Threshold value calculated by actual probability distribution was higher than that by traditional method, and increase magnitude in east was bigger than that in west, which could describe climatic change situation in China in 48 years better than traditional method. Cold night number in winter of China did not decrease as latitude declined, and it was more in south and north and was less in Yellow River basin and northwest China. Cold night number was the most in northeast Inner Mongolia. Interannual change of the cold night number presented decline tendency. From the 1960s to the eady 1970s, cold night number consistently increased, and change in middle and late periods of the 1960s was severe. From the early 1970s to the middle 1980s, fluctuation of the cold night number was bigger, and increase of the cold night number was the most in 1976. Cold night number from 1986 to the 21= century continuously declined. Change of the cold night number was the most obvious in east region, Guizhou and north Guangxi. Cold night number in northeast China and north Inner Mongolia presented inverting change relationship with that in Yunnan - Kweichow Plateau and Hexi Corridor. [ Conclusion] The research provided reference for eady warning of the extremely low temoerature event in China.展开更多
By using the variation coefficient,Gini coefficient and Theil coefficient,this paper makes preliminary exploration of temporalspatial change features and driving mechanism for regional differences of domestic tourism ...By using the variation coefficient,Gini coefficient and Theil coefficient,this paper makes preliminary exploration of temporalspatial change features and driving mechanism for regional differences of domestic tourism in China from 1995 to 2009.According to the results,we drew the following conclusions:(1)The regional difference of domestic tourism in China tends to be narrowing generally,and is less than that of inbound tourism,playing an important role in narrowing the overall gap of regional tourism in China.(2)The regional internal difference features:inter-provincial difference in the eastern region and difference among the eastern,central and western regions are comparatively obvious and demonstrate a significantly shrinking tendency,the change tendency is consistent with the change tendency of overall difference and exercises a decisive role in overall difference,whereas the inter-provincial difference in the central and western regions is small and relatively stable,having less influence on the overall difference.(3)The temporal-spatial change in regional difference is featured by:low-level provinces occupy a majority and are concentrated in the central and western regions,showing a tendency of narrowing difference;high-level provinces are concentrated in the eastern region,showing a tendency of spreading to the central and western regions;spatial pattern of regional difference demonstrates 4 types,i.e."proliferation type","polarization type","quiescence type"and"collapse type."(4)The driving force for regional difference of domestic tourism in China comes down to 3 aspects:regional socio-economic attribute,regional transport accessibility level and regional development policy.展开更多
Based on the investigation data of Jiaozhou Bay waters in 1981,current situation and horizontal distribution of Cr content in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth were studied. Results showed that in bottom waters of J...Based on the investigation data of Jiaozhou Bay waters in 1981,current situation and horizontal distribution of Cr content in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth were studied. Results showed that in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay center,Cr content changed from 0. 50 to3. 78 μg/L in April. In August,Cr content changed from 0. 14 to 1. 42 μg/L in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth. It showed that Cr content corresponded with national class-one seawater quality standard(50. 00 μg/L) at different times and spaces,and Cr content was far less than5. 00 μg/L. Therefore,under the effect of vertical water body,water quality was clean in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay,which was not polluted by Cr. In bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay center in April and bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth in August,Cr transported by the river came to the bottom layer from surface layer by passing through water body in temporal-spatial change process. Under the effects of gravity and water flow,Cr continuously and quickly sank to the sea bottom. It verified the sedimentation process of Cr content.展开更多
Mangrove ecosystem has an important ecological function. But since it is distributed in land-sea alternating region,mangrove is vulnerable to environmental pollution. Mangrove area of Guangdong Province greatly decrea...Mangrove ecosystem has an important ecological function. But since it is distributed in land-sea alternating region,mangrove is vulnerable to environmental pollution. Mangrove area of Guangdong Province greatly decreased after the 1950 s,and it declined to the minimum in the1990 s and then gradually increased. Mangrove area of Guangdong Province quickly increased from 2001 to now,and its area in 2014 was 19 824. 53 hm^2,in which Zhanjiang accounted for 72%. During 2001-2014,mangrove area of Guangdong Province increased significantly,in which the newly increased mangrove area in Zhanjiang,Yangjiang,Jiangmen,Zhuhai,Guangzhou and Shantou was larger,with obvious increase magnitude; mangrove area in east Guangdong during 2001-2005 increased quickly,while increase magnitude of mangrove area in west Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta was improved significantly after 2005. Additionally,mangrove species in Guangdong Province continuously decreased from south to north,showing as west Guangdong > the Pearl River Delta > east Guangdong. Mangrove of Guangdong Province could be protected strictly from shoreline control,ecological protection,function upgrading,and ecological restoration.展开更多
To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated ...To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.展开更多
In this paper,we present a broadband,high-extinction-ratio,nonvolatile 2×2 Mach-Zehnder interfer⁃ometer(MZI)optical switch based on the phase change material Sb_(2)Se_(3).The insertion loss(IL)is 0.84 dB and the ...In this paper,we present a broadband,high-extinction-ratio,nonvolatile 2×2 Mach-Zehnder interfer⁃ometer(MZI)optical switch based on the phase change material Sb_(2)Se_(3).The insertion loss(IL)is 0.84 dB and the extinction ratio(ER)reaches 28.8 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm.The 3 dB bandwidth is greater than 150 nm.Within the 3 dB bandwidth,the ER is greater than 20.3 dB and 16.3 dB at bar and cross states,respectively.The power consumption for crystallization and amorphization of Sb_(2)Se_(3) is 105.86 nJ and 49 nJ,respectively.The switch holds significant promise for optical interconnects and optical computing applications.展开更多
Tajikistan contains the majority of Central Asia’s glaciers,which cover about 6.00%of the national territory;their rapid shrinkage poses a significant threat to regional water resource security.However,glacier monito...Tajikistan contains the majority of Central Asia’s glaciers,which cover about 6.00%of the national territory;their rapid shrinkage poses a significant threat to regional water resource security.However,glacier monitoring in Tajikistan was interrupted after 1991,creating a substantial gap in understanding the current state and temporal evolution of these glaciers.Based on glacier inventory data,in situ measurements,and published literature,this study examined the present status and recent variations of glaciers in Tajikistan through data integration and validation,literature collation and comparative analysis,and the application of Geographic Information System(GIS)spatial analysis techniques.As of 2023,Tajikistan possesses a total of 11,528 glaciers,encompassing an area of 7624.48(±305.58)km2.Small glaciers dominate in number,whereas large glaciers account for the majority of the total area.Over the past two decades,the glacier count has decreased by 2014,and the total area has decreased by 628.98 km2,corresponding to an average annual reduction rate of 0.33%.Regional shrinkage rates range from 4.10%to 22.28%.Glaciers have undergone accelerated mass loss during the past 20 a;only those on the northeastern Pamir Plateau exhibit a weak positive mass balance.Observations of typical monitored glaciers also reveal intensified melting and retreat,consistent with regional trends.In light of the recent acceleration of glacier shrinkage in Tajikistan,focused measures should be implemented to strengthen glacier monitoring,enhance public awareness of glacier preservation,and promote the sustainable development and utilization of glacier tourism.These findings bridge the knowledge gap regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics of Tajikistan’s glaciers over recent decades and provide essential data support for regional water resource management.展开更多
With the rapid increase in the aging population comes a rise in the incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is critical to understand the molecular changes that occur,which can either cause...With the rapid increase in the aging population comes a rise in the incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is critical to understand the molecular changes that occur,which can either cause disease or make brains resilient.Epigenetic changes are a common suspect and target,not only because they are among the hallmarks of aging,but also because they are flexible and could potentially be reversed.展开更多
The accuracy of photovoltaic(PV)power prediction is significantly influenced by meteorological and environmental factors.To enhance ultra-short-term forecasting precision,this paper proposes an interpretable feedback ...The accuracy of photovoltaic(PV)power prediction is significantly influenced by meteorological and environmental factors.To enhance ultra-short-term forecasting precision,this paper proposes an interpretable feedback prediction method based on a parallel dual-stream Temporal Convolutional Network-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(TCN-BiLSTM)architecture incorporating a spatiotemporal attention mechanism.Firstly,during data preprocessing,the optimal historical time window is determined through autocorrelation analysis while highly correlated features are selected as model inputs using Pearson correlation coefficients.Subsequently,a parallel dual-stream TCN-BiLSTM model is constructed where the TCN branch extracts localized transient features and the BiLSTM branch captures long-term periodic patterns,with spatiotemporal attention dynamically weighting spatiotemporal dependencies.Finally,Shapley Additive explanations(SHAP)additive analysis quantifies feature contribution rates and provides optimization feedback to the model.Validation using operational data from a PV power station in Northeast China demonstrates that compared to conventional deep learning models,the proposed method achieves a 17.6%reduction in root mean square error(RMSE),a 5.4%decrease in training time consumption,and a 4.78%improvement in continuous ranked probability score(CRPS),exhibiting significant advantages in both prediction accuracy and generalization capability.This approach enhances the application effectiveness of ultra-short-term PV power forecasting while simultaneously improving prediction accuracy and computational efficiency.展开更多
In the context of the global energy low-carbon transition,phase change energy storage technology becomes a key technology to solve the problem of intermittent renewable energy.Oriented phase change composites(OCPCMs)r...In the context of the global energy low-carbon transition,phase change energy storage technology becomes a key technology to solve the problem of intermittent renewable energy.Oriented phase change composites(OCPCMs)receive widespread attention in practical energy storage applications due to their unique oriented thermally conductive structure,which achieves significant thermal conductivity enhancement in specific directions while retaining the high energy storage capacity of the phase change components.This review systematically summarizes the overall analysis of OCPCMs from synthesis and preparation to application scenarios in recent years.Herein,we introduce the analysis of the heat transfer mechanism of the materials and explore the advantages of the oriented structure in OCPCMs in the heat transfer behavior from a bionic perspective.We then focus on summarizing and generalizing the methods for preparing OCPCMs,giving suggestions for suitable methods according to different scenarios.Besides,we discuss the application of finite element simulation methods to the monitoring of the thermal management behavior of OCPCMs,and look into the potential future application areas of such materials.Finally,it is hoped that this review will provide guidance for the academic community in developing high-performance OCPCMs.展开更多
The accelerating impacts of climate change,rising temperatures,extreme weather events,and biodiversity loss underscore the urgent need for widespread public awareness.This research explores why climate change awarenes...The accelerating impacts of climate change,rising temperatures,extreme weather events,and biodiversity loss underscore the urgent need for widespread public awareness.This research explores why climate change awareness is not just beneficial but essential for effective environmental stewardship and the long-term health of our planet.The research proffers informed communities,encouraging sustainable practices,and driving policy advocacy,awareness serves as a model for collective action.This call to consciousness challenges individuals,institutions,and nations to recognize their role in shaping a resilient,sustainable future for the Earth.Methodology adopted in this research is a mixed-method design,involving both qualitative and quasi-experimental designs,which engages the use of focus group discussions and oral interviews to explore deeper insights into perceptions,biodiversity loss consciousness,and environmental depletion challenges.Also,applicable under the qualitative method is the secondary data collection mode,namely,reports from IPCC,government policy documents,and existing literature related to the context of the research.The empirical and scientific data analysis was presented from the data collected and was coded and subjected to analysis using a paired samples t-test.The study is grounded on the theory of“Value-Belief-Norm”(VBN)developed by Stern et al.The VBN theory posits that individuals are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behaviour when their values(especially biosphere and altruistic),beliefs(about environmental consequences),and norms(personal responsibility to act)align.The findings of this study underscore the critical role of climate change awareness in fostering environmental and earth stewardship.The paper recommends that Governments of the country(State and federal)should take urgent steps in sensitising the general public on the causes and impact of climate change.展开更多
Starting from the foundational static traits underlying the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, this research conducts a systematic examination of the phenomena and theoretical principles associated with env...Starting from the foundational static traits underlying the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, this research conducts a systematic examination of the phenomena and theoretical principles associated with environment-driven adaptive changes during its cultivation. It was found that environmental variables-including temperature, light, and moisture-elicit directional shifts in static traits ( e.g. , chemical composition, morphological architecture, and leaf tissue structure) toward enhanced environmental adaptation, characterized by graduality, juvenility, similarity, and correlativity. Upon alterations in ambient conditions, flue-cured tobacco modulates its static traits through integrated physical, chemical, and biological-genetic mechanisms, aiming to optimize resource utilization, mitigate environmental constraints, and preserve internal homeostasis alongside metabolic balance. The investigation further reveals that the adaptive scope of flue-cured tobacco to field environments is malleable and can be extended and elevated via adaptive conditioning commencing at the juvenile stage. In addition, the adaptive alignment between static traits and environmental parameters exerts a substantial impact on the plant s growth dynamics, yield performance, and quality attributes. Beyond its relevance to flue-cured tobacco, the proposed theory offers a meaningful framework for elucidating the pervasive adaptive strategies employed by plants and broader biological systems in response to environmental contingencies.展开更多
Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is a chronic degenerative disease.Monosodium iodoac-etate(MIA)induction is the most commonly used therapeutic effect evaluation and mechanism of action research model;we observed a lack of stan...Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is a chronic degenerative disease.Monosodium iodoac-etate(MIA)induction is the most commonly used therapeutic effect evaluation and mechanism of action research model;we observed a lack of standardization and uni-formity in current model building methods,which led us to conduct this study.Background:The aim was to investigate the time-and dose-related changes in the behavioral and pathological characteristics in the MIA-induced KOA model rat.Methods:MIA(40,50,and 60 mg/mL)was injected into the left joint of male Sprague-Dawley rats.After 2 weeks,the changes in the KOA rat model were observed by be-havioral evaluation,imaging-level evaluation,and histological-level evaluation.The changes were also compared after 40-mg/mL MIA injection for 2 and 6 weeks.Results:MIA-induced bone surface defects,osteophyte hyperplasia around the artic-ular rim,increased subchondral bone density,thinning of the sparse trabecular bone,structural disorder,and local clustering were observed.The degree of injury gradually increased with the increase in MIA concentration.After 6 weeks,subchondral bone density and sparse trabecular bone increased in the KOA model.Conclusions:The severity of the model also increased significantly with the changes in dose and time.In dose-dependent experiments,this study revealed that 40 mg/mL was the optimal dose to induce significant pathological changes without causing undue discomfort or death in animals.This dose may induce pathological changes stably and is suitable for long-term observation.展开更多
Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climb...Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climbing,the heat left her drenched in sweat,making her feel very cold.By midday,the temperature was approaching 20℃,and her heavy jacket had to be tied around her waist,becoming a burden during her hike.This outdoor adventure allowed her to appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also subjected her to repeated changes in temperature.展开更多
The volume change behavior of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment is essential as it influences settlement,strength,and stiffness,which directly affect the stability of hydrate reservoirs during hydrate extraction or...The volume change behavior of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment is essential as it influences settlement,strength,and stiffness,which directly affect the stability of hydrate reservoirs during hydrate extraction or in response to environmental changes.The volume change is influenced not only by stress but also by the formation and dissociation of hydrates.This study adopted a customized apparatus for one-dimensional compression tests,allowing independent control of gas pressure and effective stress.Tests were conducted on samples with different hydrate saturations along various temperature-gas pressure-effective stress paths,yielding some conclusions related to compressibility and creep.An unusual phenomenon was observed under low-stress conditions:hydrate formation led to shrinkage rather than expansion.Three potential mechanisms behind this occurrence were discussed.As hydrate saturation increases,the yield stress rises while the compression and swelling indexes remain minimally affected.After hydrate dissociation,the compression curve of hydrate-bearing sediment drops to that of hydrate-free sediment.Once hydrate is formed,the compression curve of hydrate-free sediment gradually approaches that of hydrate-bearing sediment during the subsequent loading.Under low-stress conditions,the creep of both hydrate-free and hydrate-bearing sediments is very weak.However,when stress increases,significantly beyond the yield stress,the creep of both sediments increases significantly,with hydrate-bearing sediment exhibiting much greater creep than hydrate-free sediment.展开更多
Climate change disrupts the distribution of species and restructures their richness patterns.The genus of Asian bamboo,Phyllostachys,possesses significant ecological and economic values,and represents the most species...Climate change disrupts the distribution of species and restructures their richness patterns.The genus of Asian bamboo,Phyllostachys,possesses significant ecological and economic values,and represents the most speciesrich genus in the Bambusoideae subfamily.Based on the distribution data of 46 species and 20 environmental variables,we used the MaxEnt model combined with ArcGIS calculations to simulate current and future potential richness distributions under three distinct CO_(2) emission scenarios.The results showed that the MaxEnt model had a good predictive ability,with a mean area under the working characteristic curve(AUC value)of 0.91 for all species.The main environmental variables that impacted the future distribution of most Phyllostachys species were elevation,variations of seasonal precipitation,and mean diurnal range.Phyllostachys species are currently concentrated in southeastern China.Under future climate projections,18 species exhibited significant habitat contraction across three or more future climate scenarios,but suitable habitats for other species will expand.This enhancement is most pronounced under the extreme climate scenario(2090s-SSP585),primarily driven by high species gains contributing to elevated turnover values across scenarios.The center of maximum richness will progressively shift southwestward over time.Predictive modeling of Phyllostachys richness distribution dynamics under climate change enhances our understanding of its biogeography and informs strategic introduction programs to bamboo management and augments China’s carbon sequestration capacity.展开更多
Accurate and efficient detection of building changes in remote sensing imagery is crucial for urban planning,disaster emergency response,and resource management.However,existing methods face challenges such as spectra...Accurate and efficient detection of building changes in remote sensing imagery is crucial for urban planning,disaster emergency response,and resource management.However,existing methods face challenges such as spectral similarity between buildings and backgrounds,sensor variations,and insufficient computational efficiency.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a novel Multi-scale Efficient Wavelet-based Change Detection Network(MewCDNet),which integrates the advantages of Convolutional Neural Networks and Transformers,balances computational costs,and achieves high-performance building change detection.The network employs EfficientNet-B4 as the backbone for hierarchical feature extraction,integrates multi-level feature maps through a multi-scale fusion strategy,and incorporates two key modules:Cross-temporal Difference Detection(CTDD)and Cross-scale Wavelet Refinement(CSWR).CTDD adopts a dual-branch architecture that combines pixel-wise differencing with semanticaware Euclidean distance weighting to enhance the distinction between true changes and background noise.CSWR integrates Haar-based Discrete Wavelet Transform with multi-head cross-attention mechanisms,enabling cross-scale feature fusion while significantly improving edge localization and suppressing spurious changes.Extensive experiments on four benchmark datasets demonstrate MewCDNet’s superiority over comparison methods:achieving F1 scores of 91.54%on LEVIR,93.70%on WHUCD,and 64.96%on S2Looking for building change detection.Furthermore,MewCDNet exhibits optimal performance on the multi-class⋅SYSU dataset(F1:82.71%),highlighting its exceptional generalization capability.展开更多
Understanding how genetic variation within forest species influences growth responses under climate change is essential for improving the accuracy of forest models and guiding adaptive management strategies.This study...Understanding how genetic variation within forest species influences growth responses under climate change is essential for improving the accuracy of forest models and guiding adaptive management strategies.This study models the dynamics of Italian silver fir(Abies alba)forests under varying climate change scenarios using the forest gap model FORMIND.Focusing on three distinct silver fir provenances(Western Alps,Northern Apennines,and Southern Apennines),the study simulates forest growth in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennine National Park under different representative concentration pathways(RCPs).The individual-based model FORMIND was parameterized and validated with field data for each of the provenances,demonstrating its ability to accurately reproduce key forest metrics and dynamics.Our results reveal significant differences in expected growth patterns,productivity,metabolism,and carbon storage capacity among the silver fir provenances in pure and mixed stands.In the simulations,the Northern Apennines provenance showed higher biomass production(biomass>10%±1%)and carbon uptake(net primary productivity,NPP>8%±1%)at the end of the century compared to the Western Alps provenance in the pure provenance(PP)and no regeneration scenario.Conversely,the Southern Apennines provenance showed higher biomass(biomass>5%–10%)and NPP(>15%–18%)in mixed provenance(MP)and regeneration scenarios.These results show that genetic diversity strongly affects forest growth and resilience to environmental changes.Hence,it should be included as a predictor variable in forest models.The study also demonstrates the resilience of silver fir to climatic stressors,emphasizing its potential as a robust species in multiple forest contexts.The integration of forest provenance data into the FORMIND model represents a significant advancement in forest modelling,enabling more accurate and reliable predictions under climate change scenarios.The study's findings advocate for a greater understanding and consideration of genetic diversity in forest management and conservation strategies,in support of assisted migration strategies aiming to enhance the resilience of forest ecosystems in a changing climate.展开更多
Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges and spares no nation.Bhutan,as the only carbon negative country in the world,is no exception and being in the Himalayas–a region warming faster than the gl...Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges and spares no nation.Bhutan,as the only carbon negative country in the world,is no exception and being in the Himalayas–a region warming faster than the global average–further intensifies climate risks.This study explores how Bhutan navigates climate change through the perspectives of 41 policy influencers,including politicians,civil servants,and leaders from nongovernment organisations and the media.The findings are compared with scientific literature from the broader Himalayan region to identify shared vulnerabilities(e.g.,glacial lake outburst floods,water scarcity,and agricultural disruptions)and governance challenges(e.g.,financial constraints,geopolitical pressures,and gaps in policy implementation).The study reveals that Bhutan,like its Himalayan neighbours,prioritizes adaptation over mitigation due to immediate climate threats,despite its carbonnegative status.However,Bhutan faces unique pressures in upholding its dual commitments—maintaining 60%forest cover and carbon neutrality—amid competing development needs.While its Gross National Happiness(GNH)framework provides a holistic governance model,the analysis uncovers systemic barriers,including limited financing,transboundary climate risks,and uneven policy execution,which mirror regional struggles.The paper contributes to climate governance discourse by highlighting the risks of symbolic environmental pledges without robust implementation mechanisms,particularly for vulnerable mountain nations.It calls for integrated policies that bridge mitigation and adaptation,stronger regional cooperation,and equitable climate financing.The findings are relevant for policymakers in the Himalayas and international stakeholders advocating context-specific,justiceoriented climate strategies.展开更多
基金Supported by National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (2011CB403206)National Key Technology Research and Development Program during the 12~(th) Five-year Plan Period of China(2012BAC19B04)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the temporal-spatial variation of Inner Mongolian grassland degradation during past three decades. [Method] The dis- tribution characteristics of grassland were described by land use types supervised classification with TM/ETM. Then, temporal-spatial changes of grassland coverage were quantified by the mean of maximum vegetation coverage in last 30 years. Lastly, the grassland degradation reasons were explored through statistic analysis between the grassland coverage and precipitation, temperature and grazing intensity. [Result] The grassland degradation index of Inner Mongolia was increased from 1.38 to 1.68, and the smallest was 1.28 in 2005s. Grassland degradation and improve- ment were concurrent after 1980s, but grassland degradation was the major change trend for Inner Mongolia grassland. The area of grassland degradation was enlarged from 18.08×10^4 km2 in 1980s to 22.47×10^4 km2 in 2010s on the whole and distribu- tion range was shifted from central-eastern to west in Inner Mongolia that mainly distributed on Hulun Buir and Xilin Gol grassland in 1980s and Ordos and Alax grassland in 2010s. The grassland area of degradation had a rising trend form 1980s to 1995s, then reduced to 10.8x104 km2 in 2005s, and decreased in 2010s, which mainly speared in the west of Xilin Gol grassland. [Conclusion] Inner Mongo-lian grassland degradation were become more seriously in last 30 years because that temperature, precipitation and graze intensities change, which not performance on decreasing coverage but grassland areas.
文摘[ Objective] The research aimed to study temporal-spatial change characteristics of the extremely low temperature climate event in winter of China. [MethodI By using actual probability distribution threshold value method, EOF analysis method and the daily minimum temperature data in winter of 1961 -2008 at 195 observatories of China, temporal-spatial change characteristics of the extremely low temperature climate event in win- ter of China in 48 years were analyzed. [ Result] Threshold value calculated by actual probability distribution was higher than that by traditional method, and increase magnitude in east was bigger than that in west, which could describe climatic change situation in China in 48 years better than traditional method. Cold night number in winter of China did not decrease as latitude declined, and it was more in south and north and was less in Yellow River basin and northwest China. Cold night number was the most in northeast Inner Mongolia. Interannual change of the cold night number presented decline tendency. From the 1960s to the eady 1970s, cold night number consistently increased, and change in middle and late periods of the 1960s was severe. From the early 1970s to the middle 1980s, fluctuation of the cold night number was bigger, and increase of the cold night number was the most in 1976. Cold night number from 1986 to the 21= century continuously declined. Change of the cold night number was the most obvious in east region, Guizhou and north Guangxi. Cold night number in northeast China and north Inner Mongolia presented inverting change relationship with that in Yunnan - Kweichow Plateau and Hexi Corridor. [ Conclusion] The research provided reference for eady warning of the extremely low temoerature event in China.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41271134)the Humanities and Social Science Research Foundation of Ministry of Education(Grant No.10YJC790245)
文摘By using the variation coefficient,Gini coefficient and Theil coefficient,this paper makes preliminary exploration of temporalspatial change features and driving mechanism for regional differences of domestic tourism in China from 1995 to 2009.According to the results,we drew the following conclusions:(1)The regional difference of domestic tourism in China tends to be narrowing generally,and is less than that of inbound tourism,playing an important role in narrowing the overall gap of regional tourism in China.(2)The regional internal difference features:inter-provincial difference in the eastern region and difference among the eastern,central and western regions are comparatively obvious and demonstrate a significantly shrinking tendency,the change tendency is consistent with the change tendency of overall difference and exercises a decisive role in overall difference,whereas the inter-provincial difference in the central and western regions is small and relatively stable,having less influence on the overall difference.(3)The temporal-spatial change in regional difference is featured by:low-level provinces occupy a majority and are concentrated in the central and western regions,showing a tendency of narrowing difference;high-level provinces are concentrated in the eastern region,showing a tendency of spreading to the central and western regions;spatial pattern of regional difference demonstrates 4 types,i.e."proliferation type","polarization type","quiescence type"and"collapse type."(4)The driving force for regional difference of domestic tourism in China comes down to 3 aspects:regional socio-economic attribute,regional transport accessibility level and regional development policy.
基金Supported by the China National Natural Science Foundation(31560107)Doctoral Degree Construction Library of Guizhou Minzu University,Education Ministry’s New Century Excellent Talents Supporting Plan(NCET-12-0659)+3 种基金Innovation Group Major Program of Guizhou Province(KY[2013]405,KY[2016]029)Research Projects of Guizhou Province Ministry of Science and Technology(LH[2014]7376)Research Projects of Guizhou Minzu University([2014]02)Research Projects of Guizhou Province Ministry of Education(KY[2014]266)
文摘Based on the investigation data of Jiaozhou Bay waters in 1981,current situation and horizontal distribution of Cr content in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth were studied. Results showed that in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay center,Cr content changed from 0. 50 to3. 78 μg/L in April. In August,Cr content changed from 0. 14 to 1. 42 μg/L in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth. It showed that Cr content corresponded with national class-one seawater quality standard(50. 00 μg/L) at different times and spaces,and Cr content was far less than5. 00 μg/L. Therefore,under the effect of vertical water body,water quality was clean in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay,which was not polluted by Cr. In bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay center in April and bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth in August,Cr transported by the river came to the bottom layer from surface layer by passing through water body in temporal-spatial change process. Under the effects of gravity and water flow,Cr continuously and quickly sank to the sea bottom. It verified the sedimentation process of Cr content.
文摘Mangrove ecosystem has an important ecological function. But since it is distributed in land-sea alternating region,mangrove is vulnerable to environmental pollution. Mangrove area of Guangdong Province greatly decreased after the 1950 s,and it declined to the minimum in the1990 s and then gradually increased. Mangrove area of Guangdong Province quickly increased from 2001 to now,and its area in 2014 was 19 824. 53 hm^2,in which Zhanjiang accounted for 72%. During 2001-2014,mangrove area of Guangdong Province increased significantly,in which the newly increased mangrove area in Zhanjiang,Yangjiang,Jiangmen,Zhuhai,Guangzhou and Shantou was larger,with obvious increase magnitude; mangrove area in east Guangdong during 2001-2005 increased quickly,while increase magnitude of mangrove area in west Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta was improved significantly after 2005. Additionally,mangrove species in Guangdong Province continuously decreased from south to north,showing as west Guangdong > the Pearl River Delta > east Guangdong. Mangrove of Guangdong Province could be protected strictly from shoreline control,ecological protection,function upgrading,and ecological restoration.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province(2024A1515010228)CATARC Automotive Inspection Center Excellent Engineer Program(2023B0909050007).
文摘To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62204250)Autonomous deployment project of State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits(SKLJC-Z2024-A05).
文摘In this paper,we present a broadband,high-extinction-ratio,nonvolatile 2×2 Mach-Zehnder interfer⁃ometer(MZI)optical switch based on the phase change material Sb_(2)Se_(3).The insertion loss(IL)is 0.84 dB and the extinction ratio(ER)reaches 28.8 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm.The 3 dB bandwidth is greater than 150 nm.Within the 3 dB bandwidth,the ER is greater than 20.3 dB and 16.3 dB at bar and cross states,respectively.The power consumption for crystallization and amorphization of Sb_(2)Se_(3) is 105.86 nJ and 49 nJ,respectively.The switch holds significant promise for optical interconnects and optical computing applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan“Inter-governmental International Science&Technology Innovation Cooperation”Key Specialized Program,China(2025YFE0102800)the Program of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CSFSE-ZZ-2403).
文摘Tajikistan contains the majority of Central Asia’s glaciers,which cover about 6.00%of the national territory;their rapid shrinkage poses a significant threat to regional water resource security.However,glacier monitoring in Tajikistan was interrupted after 1991,creating a substantial gap in understanding the current state and temporal evolution of these glaciers.Based on glacier inventory data,in situ measurements,and published literature,this study examined the present status and recent variations of glaciers in Tajikistan through data integration and validation,literature collation and comparative analysis,and the application of Geographic Information System(GIS)spatial analysis techniques.As of 2023,Tajikistan possesses a total of 11,528 glaciers,encompassing an area of 7624.48(±305.58)km2.Small glaciers dominate in number,whereas large glaciers account for the majority of the total area.Over the past two decades,the glacier count has decreased by 2014,and the total area has decreased by 628.98 km2,corresponding to an average annual reduction rate of 0.33%.Regional shrinkage rates range from 4.10%to 22.28%.Glaciers have undergone accelerated mass loss during the past 20 a;only those on the northeastern Pamir Plateau exhibit a weak positive mass balance.Observations of typical monitored glaciers also reveal intensified melting and retreat,consistent with regional trends.In light of the recent acceleration of glacier shrinkage in Tajikistan,focused measures should be implemented to strengthen glacier monitoring,enhance public awareness of glacier preservation,and promote the sustainable development and utilization of glacier tourism.These findings bridge the knowledge gap regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics of Tajikistan’s glaciers over recent decades and provide essential data support for regional water resource management.
基金David and Inez Myers Foundation,the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)The Israel Science Foundation(No.422/23)(to DT).
文摘With the rapid increase in the aging population comes a rise in the incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is critical to understand the molecular changes that occur,which can either cause disease or make brains resilient.Epigenetic changes are a common suspect and target,not only because they are among the hallmarks of aging,but also because they are flexible and could potentially be reversed.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.62066024)funded by Basic Scientific Research Projects of Higher Education Institutions in Liaoning Province(LJ212411632063)the National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(S202511632045).
文摘The accuracy of photovoltaic(PV)power prediction is significantly influenced by meteorological and environmental factors.To enhance ultra-short-term forecasting precision,this paper proposes an interpretable feedback prediction method based on a parallel dual-stream Temporal Convolutional Network-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(TCN-BiLSTM)architecture incorporating a spatiotemporal attention mechanism.Firstly,during data preprocessing,the optimal historical time window is determined through autocorrelation analysis while highly correlated features are selected as model inputs using Pearson correlation coefficients.Subsequently,a parallel dual-stream TCN-BiLSTM model is constructed where the TCN branch extracts localized transient features and the BiLSTM branch captures long-term periodic patterns,with spatiotemporal attention dynamically weighting spatiotemporal dependencies.Finally,Shapley Additive explanations(SHAP)additive analysis quantifies feature contribution rates and provides optimization feedback to the model.Validation using operational data from a PV power station in Northeast China demonstrates that compared to conventional deep learning models,the proposed method achieves a 17.6%reduction in root mean square error(RMSE),a 5.4%decrease in training time consumption,and a 4.78%improvement in continuous ranked probability score(CRPS),exhibiting significant advantages in both prediction accuracy and generalization capability.This approach enhances the application effectiveness of ultra-short-term PV power forecasting while simultaneously improving prediction accuracy and computational efficiency.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-KST-25-001)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L253029)。
文摘In the context of the global energy low-carbon transition,phase change energy storage technology becomes a key technology to solve the problem of intermittent renewable energy.Oriented phase change composites(OCPCMs)receive widespread attention in practical energy storage applications due to their unique oriented thermally conductive structure,which achieves significant thermal conductivity enhancement in specific directions while retaining the high energy storage capacity of the phase change components.This review systematically summarizes the overall analysis of OCPCMs from synthesis and preparation to application scenarios in recent years.Herein,we introduce the analysis of the heat transfer mechanism of the materials and explore the advantages of the oriented structure in OCPCMs in the heat transfer behavior from a bionic perspective.We then focus on summarizing and generalizing the methods for preparing OCPCMs,giving suggestions for suitable methods according to different scenarios.Besides,we discuss the application of finite element simulation methods to the monitoring of the thermal management behavior of OCPCMs,and look into the potential future application areas of such materials.Finally,it is hoped that this review will provide guidance for the academic community in developing high-performance OCPCMs.
文摘The accelerating impacts of climate change,rising temperatures,extreme weather events,and biodiversity loss underscore the urgent need for widespread public awareness.This research explores why climate change awareness is not just beneficial but essential for effective environmental stewardship and the long-term health of our planet.The research proffers informed communities,encouraging sustainable practices,and driving policy advocacy,awareness serves as a model for collective action.This call to consciousness challenges individuals,institutions,and nations to recognize their role in shaping a resilient,sustainable future for the Earth.Methodology adopted in this research is a mixed-method design,involving both qualitative and quasi-experimental designs,which engages the use of focus group discussions and oral interviews to explore deeper insights into perceptions,biodiversity loss consciousness,and environmental depletion challenges.Also,applicable under the qualitative method is the secondary data collection mode,namely,reports from IPCC,government policy documents,and existing literature related to the context of the research.The empirical and scientific data analysis was presented from the data collected and was coded and subjected to analysis using a paired samples t-test.The study is grounded on the theory of“Value-Belief-Norm”(VBN)developed by Stern et al.The VBN theory posits that individuals are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behaviour when their values(especially biosphere and altruistic),beliefs(about environmental consequences),and norms(personal responsibility to act)align.The findings of this study underscore the critical role of climate change awareness in fostering environmental and earth stewardship.The paper recommends that Governments of the country(State and federal)should take urgent steps in sensitising the general public on the causes and impact of climate change.
基金Supported by Changsha Tobacco Company Science and Technology Project(2020-2024A04).
文摘Starting from the foundational static traits underlying the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, this research conducts a systematic examination of the phenomena and theoretical principles associated with environment-driven adaptive changes during its cultivation. It was found that environmental variables-including temperature, light, and moisture-elicit directional shifts in static traits ( e.g. , chemical composition, morphological architecture, and leaf tissue structure) toward enhanced environmental adaptation, characterized by graduality, juvenility, similarity, and correlativity. Upon alterations in ambient conditions, flue-cured tobacco modulates its static traits through integrated physical, chemical, and biological-genetic mechanisms, aiming to optimize resource utilization, mitigate environmental constraints, and preserve internal homeostasis alongside metabolic balance. The investigation further reveals that the adaptive scope of flue-cured tobacco to field environments is malleable and can be extended and elevated via adaptive conditioning commencing at the juvenile stage. In addition, the adaptive alignment between static traits and environmental parameters exerts a substantial impact on the plant s growth dynamics, yield performance, and quality attributes. Beyond its relevance to flue-cured tobacco, the proposed theory offers a meaningful framework for elucidating the pervasive adaptive strategies employed by plants and broader biological systems in response to environmental contingencies.
基金Construction Project of High-Level Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Discipline of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Grant/Award Number:zyyzdxk-2023022Key Team of Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents of Shanxi Province with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Preventing and Treating Rheumatological Diseases,Grant/Award Number:202204051002033+4 种基金Traditional Chinese Medicine+Stem Cell Innovation Project,Grant/Award Number:2024KJZY0062023 Shanxi Graduate Research Practice Project,Grant/Award Number:2023KY6762023 Graduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Grant/Award Number:2023CX023 and 2023CX027Science and Technology Innovation Project for University in Shanxi Province,Grant/Award Number:2022L358Key Laboratory of Rheumatological and Immunological Diseases Treated by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine,Grant/Award Number:zyyyjs2024021。
文摘Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is a chronic degenerative disease.Monosodium iodoac-etate(MIA)induction is the most commonly used therapeutic effect evaluation and mechanism of action research model;we observed a lack of standardization and uni-formity in current model building methods,which led us to conduct this study.Background:The aim was to investigate the time-and dose-related changes in the behavioral and pathological characteristics in the MIA-induced KOA model rat.Methods:MIA(40,50,and 60 mg/mL)was injected into the left joint of male Sprague-Dawley rats.After 2 weeks,the changes in the KOA rat model were observed by be-havioral evaluation,imaging-level evaluation,and histological-level evaluation.The changes were also compared after 40-mg/mL MIA injection for 2 and 6 weeks.Results:MIA-induced bone surface defects,osteophyte hyperplasia around the artic-ular rim,increased subchondral bone density,thinning of the sparse trabecular bone,structural disorder,and local clustering were observed.The degree of injury gradually increased with the increase in MIA concentration.After 6 weeks,subchondral bone density and sparse trabecular bone increased in the KOA model.Conclusions:The severity of the model also increased significantly with the changes in dose and time.In dose-dependent experiments,this study revealed that 40 mg/mL was the optimal dose to induce significant pathological changes without causing undue discomfort or death in animals.This dose may induce pathological changes stably and is suitable for long-term observation.
文摘Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climbing,the heat left her drenched in sweat,making her feel very cold.By midday,the temperature was approaching 20℃,and her heavy jacket had to be tied around her waist,becoming a burden during her hike.This outdoor adventure allowed her to appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also subjected her to repeated changes in temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42171135)the Science and Technology Program of CNOOC Research Institute(Grant No.2023OTKK03)the“CUG Scholar”Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences(Project No.2022098).
文摘The volume change behavior of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment is essential as it influences settlement,strength,and stiffness,which directly affect the stability of hydrate reservoirs during hydrate extraction or in response to environmental changes.The volume change is influenced not only by stress but also by the formation and dissociation of hydrates.This study adopted a customized apparatus for one-dimensional compression tests,allowing independent control of gas pressure and effective stress.Tests were conducted on samples with different hydrate saturations along various temperature-gas pressure-effective stress paths,yielding some conclusions related to compressibility and creep.An unusual phenomenon was observed under low-stress conditions:hydrate formation led to shrinkage rather than expansion.Three potential mechanisms behind this occurrence were discussed.As hydrate saturation increases,the yield stress rises while the compression and swelling indexes remain minimally affected.After hydrate dissociation,the compression curve of hydrate-bearing sediment drops to that of hydrate-free sediment.Once hydrate is formed,the compression curve of hydrate-free sediment gradually approaches that of hydrate-bearing sediment during the subsequent loading.Under low-stress conditions,the creep of both hydrate-free and hydrate-bearing sediments is very weak.However,when stress increases,significantly beyond the yield stress,the creep of both sediments increases significantly,with hydrate-bearing sediment exhibiting much greater creep than hydrate-free sediment.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(32201643)the Key Research Projects of Yibin,research and integrated demonstration and key technologies for smart bamboo industry(YBZD2024-1).
文摘Climate change disrupts the distribution of species and restructures their richness patterns.The genus of Asian bamboo,Phyllostachys,possesses significant ecological and economic values,and represents the most speciesrich genus in the Bambusoideae subfamily.Based on the distribution data of 46 species and 20 environmental variables,we used the MaxEnt model combined with ArcGIS calculations to simulate current and future potential richness distributions under three distinct CO_(2) emission scenarios.The results showed that the MaxEnt model had a good predictive ability,with a mean area under the working characteristic curve(AUC value)of 0.91 for all species.The main environmental variables that impacted the future distribution of most Phyllostachys species were elevation,variations of seasonal precipitation,and mean diurnal range.Phyllostachys species are currently concentrated in southeastern China.Under future climate projections,18 species exhibited significant habitat contraction across three or more future climate scenarios,but suitable habitats for other species will expand.This enhancement is most pronounced under the extreme climate scenario(2090s-SSP585),primarily driven by high species gains contributing to elevated turnover values across scenarios.The center of maximum richness will progressively shift southwestward over time.Predictive modeling of Phyllostachys richness distribution dynamics under climate change enhances our understanding of its biogeography and informs strategic introduction programs to bamboo management and augments China’s carbon sequestration capacity.
基金supported by the Henan Province Key R&D Project under Grant 241111210400the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project under Grants 252102211047,252102211062,252102211055 and 232102210069+2 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Scheme Double Initiative Plan JSS-CBS20230474,the XJTLU RDF-21-02-008the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry under Grant 23XNKJTD0205the Higher Education Teaching Reform Research and Practice Project of Henan Province under Grant 2024SJGLX0126。
文摘Accurate and efficient detection of building changes in remote sensing imagery is crucial for urban planning,disaster emergency response,and resource management.However,existing methods face challenges such as spectral similarity between buildings and backgrounds,sensor variations,and insufficient computational efficiency.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a novel Multi-scale Efficient Wavelet-based Change Detection Network(MewCDNet),which integrates the advantages of Convolutional Neural Networks and Transformers,balances computational costs,and achieves high-performance building change detection.The network employs EfficientNet-B4 as the backbone for hierarchical feature extraction,integrates multi-level feature maps through a multi-scale fusion strategy,and incorporates two key modules:Cross-temporal Difference Detection(CTDD)and Cross-scale Wavelet Refinement(CSWR).CTDD adopts a dual-branch architecture that combines pixel-wise differencing with semanticaware Euclidean distance weighting to enhance the distinction between true changes and background noise.CSWR integrates Haar-based Discrete Wavelet Transform with multi-head cross-attention mechanisms,enabling cross-scale feature fusion while significantly improving edge localization and suppressing spurious changes.Extensive experiments on four benchmark datasets demonstrate MewCDNet’s superiority over comparison methods:achieving F1 scores of 91.54%on LEVIR,93.70%on WHUCD,and 64.96%on S2Looking for building change detection.Furthermore,MewCDNet exhibits optimal performance on the multi-class⋅SYSU dataset(F1:82.71%),highlighting its exceptional generalization capability.
基金the University of Milan for funding the“ProForesta”project through the 2020 Research Support Planthe“Ente Parco Nazionale dell'Appennino Tosco-Emiliano”for having financed the project“First urgent measures to promote the adaptation of the silver fir forests of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennine National Park to the effects of climate change”。
文摘Understanding how genetic variation within forest species influences growth responses under climate change is essential for improving the accuracy of forest models and guiding adaptive management strategies.This study models the dynamics of Italian silver fir(Abies alba)forests under varying climate change scenarios using the forest gap model FORMIND.Focusing on three distinct silver fir provenances(Western Alps,Northern Apennines,and Southern Apennines),the study simulates forest growth in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennine National Park under different representative concentration pathways(RCPs).The individual-based model FORMIND was parameterized and validated with field data for each of the provenances,demonstrating its ability to accurately reproduce key forest metrics and dynamics.Our results reveal significant differences in expected growth patterns,productivity,metabolism,and carbon storage capacity among the silver fir provenances in pure and mixed stands.In the simulations,the Northern Apennines provenance showed higher biomass production(biomass>10%±1%)and carbon uptake(net primary productivity,NPP>8%±1%)at the end of the century compared to the Western Alps provenance in the pure provenance(PP)and no regeneration scenario.Conversely,the Southern Apennines provenance showed higher biomass(biomass>5%–10%)and NPP(>15%–18%)in mixed provenance(MP)and regeneration scenarios.These results show that genetic diversity strongly affects forest growth and resilience to environmental changes.Hence,it should be included as a predictor variable in forest models.The study also demonstrates the resilience of silver fir to climatic stressors,emphasizing its potential as a robust species in multiple forest contexts.The integration of forest provenance data into the FORMIND model represents a significant advancement in forest modelling,enabling more accurate and reliable predictions under climate change scenarios.The study's findings advocate for a greater understanding and consideration of genetic diversity in forest management and conservation strategies,in support of assisted migration strategies aiming to enhance the resilience of forest ecosystems in a changing climate.
文摘Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges and spares no nation.Bhutan,as the only carbon negative country in the world,is no exception and being in the Himalayas–a region warming faster than the global average–further intensifies climate risks.This study explores how Bhutan navigates climate change through the perspectives of 41 policy influencers,including politicians,civil servants,and leaders from nongovernment organisations and the media.The findings are compared with scientific literature from the broader Himalayan region to identify shared vulnerabilities(e.g.,glacial lake outburst floods,water scarcity,and agricultural disruptions)and governance challenges(e.g.,financial constraints,geopolitical pressures,and gaps in policy implementation).The study reveals that Bhutan,like its Himalayan neighbours,prioritizes adaptation over mitigation due to immediate climate threats,despite its carbonnegative status.However,Bhutan faces unique pressures in upholding its dual commitments—maintaining 60%forest cover and carbon neutrality—amid competing development needs.While its Gross National Happiness(GNH)framework provides a holistic governance model,the analysis uncovers systemic barriers,including limited financing,transboundary climate risks,and uneven policy execution,which mirror regional struggles.The paper contributes to climate governance discourse by highlighting the risks of symbolic environmental pledges without robust implementation mechanisms,particularly for vulnerable mountain nations.It calls for integrated policies that bridge mitigation and adaptation,stronger regional cooperation,and equitable climate financing.The findings are relevant for policymakers in the Himalayas and international stakeholders advocating context-specific,justiceoriented climate strategies.
