The coupling reactions of methanol and long-chain alkanes(n-dodecane,n-tetradecane and n-hexadecane)over CHA-type molecular sieves were studied in a fixed bed reactor.Over SAPO-34 and SSZ-13,it was found that the indu...The coupling reactions of methanol and long-chain alkanes(n-dodecane,n-tetradecane and n-hexadecane)over CHA-type molecular sieves were studied in a fixed bed reactor.Over SAPO-34 and SSZ-13,it was found that the induction period of methanol conversion was shortened by the introduction of long-chain alkanes.However,the addition of long-chain alkanes had little influence on the product distribution.Polymethylbenzenes and the derivatives were the main retained species on spent SSZ-13 catalyst,while adamantanes were the main retained species on SAPO-34.This indicates that coking species formation was mainly related to the further transformation of long-chain alkane/methanol coupling products at acid sites of the molecular sieve.These findings provide valuable information of long chain alkanes conversion and methanol reaction behavior of induction period over small pore CHA molecular sieves.展开更多
Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing addit...Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing additive-induced defects,and alleviating residual stress and deformation,all of which are critical for enhancing the mechanical performance of the manufactured parts.Integrating interlayer friction stir processing(FSP)into WAAM significantly enhances the quality of deposited materials.However,numerical simulation research focusing on elucidating the associated thermomechanical coupling mechanisms remains insufficient.A comprehensive numerical model was developed to simulate the thermomechanical coupling behavior in friction stir-assisted WAAM.The influence of post-deposition FSP on the coupled thermomechanical response of the WAAM process was analyzed quantitatively.Moreover,the residual stress distribution and deformation behavior under both single-layer and multilayer deposition conditions were investigated.Thermal analysis of different deposition layers in WAAM and friction stir-assisted WAAM was conducted.Results show that subsequent layer deposition induces partial remelting of the previously solidified layer,whereas FSP does not cause such remelting.Furthermore,thermal stress and deformation analysis confirm that interlayer FSP effectively mitigates residual stresses and distortion in WAAM components,thereby improving their structural integrity and mechanical properties.展开更多
This study aims to promote the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure in rural areas of China by focusing on the coupling coordination mechanism between digital economy–agriculture integration and rural...This study aims to promote the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure in rural areas of China by focusing on the coupling coordination mechanism between digital economy–agriculture integration and rural revitalization.By examining panel data from 30 Chinese provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities between 2011 and 2022,the research constructs a weight-based evaluation system that integrates subjective and objective methods and a coupling coordination model to reveal its dynamic evolution patterns.Key findings indicate that digital economy–agriculture integration and rural revitalization achieve cross-coupling through critical activities.The impact of digital-agriculture integration on advancing rural revitalization lags by 2–3 years.Although the coupling development degree between the two systems continues to improve,it remains at the stage of primary coordination.Regional disparities are significant,showing a gradient pattern of“high degree of coupling development in the east and low degree of coupling development in the west.”展开更多
Multilayer complex dynamical networks,characterized by the intricate topological connections and diverse hierarchical structures,present significant challenges in determining complete structural configurations due to ...Multilayer complex dynamical networks,characterized by the intricate topological connections and diverse hierarchical structures,present significant challenges in determining complete structural configurations due to the unique functional attributes and interaction patterns inherent to different layers.This paper addresses the critical question of whether structural information from a known layer can be used to reconstruct the unknown intralayer structure of a target layer within general weighted output-coupling multilayer networks.Building upon the generalized synchronization principle,we propose an innovative reconstruction method that incorporates two essential components in the design of structure observers,the cross-layer coupling modulator and the structural divergence term.A key advantage of the proposed reconstruction method lies in its flexibility to freely designate both the unknown target layer and the known reference layer from the general weighted output-coupling multilayer network.The reduced dependency on full-state observability enables more deployment in engineering applications with partial measurements.Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed structure reconstruction method.展开更多
The F_(1)-ATPase and V_(1)-ATPase are rotary biomotors.Alignment of their amino acid sequences,which originate from bovine heart mitochondria(1BMF)and Enterococcus hirae(3VR6),respectively,demonstrates that the segmen...The F_(1)-ATPase and V_(1)-ATPase are rotary biomotors.Alignment of their amino acid sequences,which originate from bovine heart mitochondria(1BMF)and Enterococcus hirae(3VR6),respectively,demonstrates that the segment forming the ATP catalytic pocket is highly conserved.Single-molecule experiments,however,have revealed subtle differences in efficiency between the F_(1) and V_(1) motors.Here,we perform both atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the mechanochemical coupling and coordination in F_(1) and V_(1) ATPase.Our results show that the correlation between conformational changes in F_(1) is stronger than that in V_(1),indicating that the mechanochemical coupling in F_(1) is tighter than in V_(1).Moreover,the unidirectional rotation of F_(1) is more processive than that of V_(1),which accounts for the higher efficiency observed in F_(1) and explains the occasional backward steps detected in single-molecule experiments on V_(1).展开更多
The coupling effects among the flow field,temperature distribution and structural deformation in a turbine cannot be ignored,particularly during flight cycles when the turbine experiences varied operational states.Rel...The coupling effects among the flow field,temperature distribution and structural deformation in a turbine cannot be ignored,particularly during flight cycles when the turbine experiences varied operational states.Relying solely on steady-state solutions cannot predict the detrimental effects caused by hysteresis.Consequently,this paper employs a quasi-steady-state fluid-thermalstructure multidisciplinary coupling solution method,integrating transient solid heat conduction with steady-state flow field and static structural deformation solutions.After conducting a numerical simulation of a three-dimensional,five-stage,low-pressure turbine air system,the following conclusions are drawn:when boundary conditions attain high-power states through processes that are numerically identical but in opposite directions,slight variations in solid deformation significantly impact the flow field;when boundary conditions attain high-power states through processes that are directionally consistent but have different numerical values,the influence of the boundary condition change rate on the flow field surpasses that of solid deformation.In terms of turbine design parameters,a large difference in stage-reaction between adjacent stages at the lower radius of the turbine can lead to significant changes in the disc cavity flow field during flight cycles.The difference in the stage-reaction of 0.23 at 10%blade height in adjacent stages may induce severe gas ingress in the stator disc cavity.Thus,it is crucial to minimize this difference and to appropriately extend the duration of the deceleration phase to ensure the turbine's safe operation.展开更多
Based on the Smit-Suhl formula,we propose a universal approach for solving the magnon-magnon coupling problem in bilayer coupled systems(e.g.,antiferromagnets).This method requires only the energy expression,enabling ...Based on the Smit-Suhl formula,we propose a universal approach for solving the magnon-magnon coupling problem in bilayer coupled systems(e.g.,antiferromagnets).This method requires only the energy expression,enabling the automatic derivation of analytical expressions for the eigenmatrix elements via symbolic computation,eliminating the need for tedious manual calculations.Using this approach,we investigate the impact of magnetic hysteresis on magnon-magnon coupling in a system with interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI).The magnetic hysteresis leads to an asymmetric magnetic field dependence of the resonance frequency and alters the number of degeneracy points between the pure optical and acoustic modes.Moreover,it can result in the coupling strength at the gap of the f–H phase diagram being nearly vanishing,contrary to the conventionally expected maximum.These results deepen the understanding of the effect of interlayer DMI on magnon–magnon coupling and the proposed universal method significantly streamlines the solving process of magnon–magnon coupling problems.展开更多
This study presents an implicit multiphysics coupling method integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),the Multiphase Particle-in-Cell(MPPIC)model,and the Finite Element Method(FEM),implemented with OpenFOAM,Calcu...This study presents an implicit multiphysics coupling method integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),the Multiphase Particle-in-Cell(MPPIC)model,and the Finite Element Method(FEM),implemented with OpenFOAM,CalculiX,and preCICE to simulate fluid-particle-structure interactions with large deformations.Mesh motion in the fluid field is handled using the radial basis function(RBF)method.The particle phase is modeled by MPPIC,where fluid-particle interaction is described through momentum exchange,and inter-particle collisions are characterized by collision stress.The structural field is solved by nonlinear FEM to capture large deformations induced by geometric nonlinearity.Coupling among fields is realized through a partitioned,parallel,and non-intrusive iterative strategy,ensuring stable transfer and convergence of interface forces and displacements.Notably,the influence of particles on the structure is not direct but mediated by the fluid,while structural motion directly affects particle dynamics.The results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively captures multiphysics interaction processes and provides a valuable reference for numerical modeling of coupled fluid-particle-structure systems.展开更多
In this paper,a theoretical model is established for locally resonant plates with general resonators,and the corresponding governing equation is derived.The model provides a mathematical demonstration of the locally r...In this paper,a theoretical model is established for locally resonant plates with general resonators,and the corresponding governing equation is derived.The model provides a mathematical demonstration of the locally resonant effect,which contains two parts:the first part is induced by translation coupling,and the second part is induced by rotation coupling.The second part cannot be reflected by most existing theoretical models.The analytical solutions of the dynamic response are compared with the direct numerical simulation(DNS)results for two locally resonant plates with different resonator types,thereby validating the general applicability of the present model.The rotation coupling effect leads to the frequency-dependent effective rotational inertia density and anisotropic dispersion relation of the locally resonant plate,as well as the enhancement of the structural vibration suppression ability.展开更多
Hydraulic asphalt concrete(HAC)has been increasingly employed as an appropriate impervious structure in hydraulic and hydropower engineering.However,asphalt mortar,usually seen as the matrix of HAC composite,is partic...Hydraulic asphalt concrete(HAC)has been increasingly employed as an appropriate impervious structure in hydraulic and hydropower engineering.However,asphalt mortar,usually seen as the matrix of HAC composite,is particularly prone to damage under combined stress and seepage interactions,and the mesoscale investigations on the damage-seepage coupling behavior of HAC under complex stress states remain limited.This research develops a numerical three-dimensional mesoscale model composed of asphalt mortar and polyhedral aggregate to investigate the stress-damage-seepage coupling behavior in HAC.In this model,asphalt mortar yields the viscoelastic continuum damage law and aggregate obeys the Mazars’elastic-brittle damage law;simultaneously,the effective permeability coefficient of asphalt mortar is assumed to follow an exponential function of damage.The predicted deviatoric stress-strain and hydraulic gradient-seepage curves both are in good agreement with the reported experimental results,which shows the proposed model is valid and reasonable.The simulated results indicate that the damaged asphalt mortar can induce localized areas of high permeability,which in turn affects the overall impervious performance of HAC.展开更多
High rock temperature is a great challenge frequently encountered during subsurface resource recovery and deep underground space utilization,and it is still unclear how the granitic rock responds to realtime high temp...High rock temperature is a great challenge frequently encountered during subsurface resource recovery and deep underground space utilization,and it is still unclear how the granitic rock responds to realtime high temperature upon shear loading.To better understand the shear fracture behavior and underlying processes of intact granite exposed to thermal-mechanical coupling loading,direct shear tests were conducted utilizing a newly built testing apparatus at varied normal stresses and high temperatures.Influencesof different temperatures and different heating methods(real-time heating and thermal treatment)on the shear mechanical behavior were compared and discussed.Results indicate that shear stress fluctuationswith some small stress drops occur as shear stress is approaching the peak strength under real-time heating,accompanied by more and earlier AE signal uprushes.This suggests that greater cracking events occur earlier during real-time heating than after thermal treatment,resulting in a lower peak shear strength.Furthermore,the peak shear strength,post-peak stress drop,and cohesion rise from room temperature(RT)to 200℃(the peak strength increases by 8%,5.8%,and 9.9%under normal stress of 5 MPa,15 MPa,and 20 MPa,correspondingly),and subsequently decline from 200℃to 400℃.Temperature has a limited impact on shear stiffness from RT to 200℃,but significantlyreduces it from 200℃to 400℃,with drops of 15%,7.9%,and 10%under normal stress of 5 MPa,15 MPa,and 20 MPa,respectively.Moreover,the shear strength and stiffness under real-time heating are lower than those for the thermally treated specimens.The strengthening of intact granite below 200℃upon shear is associated with loss of water and a more compacted structure,while the weakening effect of temperature on shear strength from 200℃to 400℃is due to the new thermal cracks and less brittle and stiff of minerals.展开更多
To address the deficiencies in comprehensive surface contamination prevention strategies within China's nitrate-affected regions,this research innovatively proposes the DITAPH model-a systematic framework integrat...To address the deficiencies in comprehensive surface contamination prevention strategies within China's nitrate-affected regions,this research innovatively proposes the DITAPH model-a systematic framework integrating groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment and Nitrate Vulnerable Zones(NVZs)delineation through optimization of hydrogeological parameters.Based on detailed hydrogeological and hydrochemical investigations,the DITAPH model was applied in the plain areas of Quanzhou to evaluate its applicability.The model selected hydrogeological parameters(depth of groundwater,lithology of the vadose zone,topographic slope,aquifer water yield property),one climatic parameter(precipitation),and two anthropogenic parameters(land use type and population density)as assessment indicators.The results of the groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment showed that the low,relatively low,relatively high,and high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zones in the study area accounted for 5.96%,35.44%,53.74%and 4.86%of the total area,respectively.Groundwater nitrate vulnerability was most strongly influenced by human activities,followed by groundwater depth and topographic slope.The high vulnerability zone is mainly affected by domestic and industrial wastewater,whereas the relatively high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zone is primarily influenced by agricultural activities.Validation of the DITAPH model revealed a significant positive correlation between the DITAPH index(DI)and nitrate concentration(ρ(NO3−)).The results of the NVZs delineated by the DITAPH model are reliable and can serve as a tool for water resource management planning,guiding the development of targeted measures in the NVZs to prevent groundwater contamination.展开更多
Surface acoustic wave(SAW)resonators offer distinct advantages for coupling to semiconductor qubits,including low loss,high stability,and compatibility with magnetic fields.However,the integration of SAW resonators wi...Surface acoustic wave(SAW)resonators offer distinct advantages for coupling to semiconductor qubits,including low loss,high stability,and compatibility with magnetic fields.However,the integration of SAW resonators with double quantum dots(DQDs)that host charge and spin qubits remains largely unexplored.In this work,we propose a flip-chip architecture that enables three-dimensional integration of a semiconductor DQD with a SAW resonator.Taking experimental feasibility into account,we estimate the coupling strength between a DQD and a SAW resonator.The results suggest that the strong coupling regime can be reached in our design.This study provides theoretical insight and practical guidance for experimental exploration of phonon–electron coupling in hybrid SAW-DQD quantum systems.展开更多
[Objective]This study aims to investigate the multi-body hydrodynamic interaction mechanisms during offshore lifting operations of aquaculture net cages in wind-fishery integration systems.By integrating numerical sim...[Objective]This study aims to investigate the multi-body hydrodynamic interaction mechanisms during offshore lifting operations of aquaculture net cages in wind-fishery integration systems.By integrating numerical simulations and dynamic analysis methods,this study systematically investigates the coupled dynamic response characteristics during the cage-carrier vessel separation process to reveal its dynamic evolution patterns and key influence mechanisms.[Method]Based on potential flow theory,a fully coupled dynamic analysis model of crane vessel-net cage-semi-submersible barge was established for a marine ranch project in Guangdong.The complete lifting process was dynamically simulated using SESAM software.Five typical operating sea states were configured to investigate the influence of wave parameters on the system's motion response under combined wave-current-wind actions.[Result]The results demonstrate that wave period dominates the system stability.Under short-period conditions,the system maintains stable motion with relatively small horizontal relative displacements,while long-period conditions excite low-frequency resonance,leading to significant slow-drift motions.Vertical response analysis reveals that long-period waves cause severe relative displacement fluctuations between the cage and semi-submersible vessel,with actual displacement amplitudes doubling the preset safety target of 2.045 m.Quantitative analysis further indicates that when significant wave height increases from 1.0 m to 1.5 m,the actual displacement amplitude increases by approximately 20%relative to the target displacement of 2.045 m,demonstrating that its influence is significantly weaker than the displacement variations induced by wave period changes.The complete dynamic simulation successfully captures the continuous dynamic response characteristics during the lifting process.[Conclusion]This research clarifies the influence mechanisms of wave parameters on the cage lifting process,identifying wave period as the crucial factor for operational safety.An operation window assessment method incorporating multi-body coupling effects is established,proposing a safety criterion with peak period not exceeding six seconds as the core requirement.The findings provide theoretical foundation for safe installation of marine ranch net cages and offer valuable references for similar offshore lifting operations.展开更多
High geo-stress and high temperature in deep rock engineering increase the possibility of engineering and geological disasters in discontinuous rocks.However,the influence of thermomechanical coupling on the shear beh...High geo-stress and high temperature in deep rock engineering increase the possibility of engineering and geological disasters in discontinuous rocks.However,the influence of thermomechanical coupling on the shear behavior and damage evolution of prefractured granite remains immature.In this context,true triaxial laboratory tests and discrete element method simulations under different confining pressures(σ3=3 MPa,σ2=4 MPa,andσ3=80 MPa,σ2=100 MPa)and temperatures(25℃-500℃)were carried out on rough granite fractures with two different orientations.Results indicate that high temperature and high confining pressure increase the peak strength of the prefractured specimen,leading to more microcracks in the host rock and more gouges between the surfaces.Thermal strengthening at low temperatures(<300℃)and residual stick-slip only occur under a greater confining pressure for prefractured specimens.High confining pressure suppresses generation of the thermal microcracks in the heating stage.Cracks first initiate in the asperities on the fracture surfaces,and then propagate into the rock matrix during the mechanical loading stage.In addition,prefractured granite with a larger fracture angle is characterized by smaller peak and residual strength,faster residual slip,fewer new cracks on the specimen surface,and a more pronounced thermal strengthening effect on peak strength.The slip tendency analysis indicates that a higher maximum principal stress(s1)and a large fracture angle(45°-75°)generally result in a higher potential for fracture slip or activation.This study will contribute to a better understanding of the fracture shear mechanism under true triaxial thermomechanical coupling conditions and provides new insights into the stability evaluation of deep dynamic geological hazards.展开更多
Understanding the fracture behavior of vertical cracks in piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)structures is vital due to their impacts on device reliability.This study establishes a model for a PS strip with a vertical cra...Understanding the fracture behavior of vertical cracks in piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)structures is vital due to their impacts on device reliability.This study establishes a model for a PS strip with a vertical crack under combined mechanical and electric loading,considering both central and edge cracks.Using Fourier transforms and dislocation density functions,the Mode-Ⅲproblem is converted to Cauchy-type singular integral equations.The crack surface fields,intensity factors,and energy release rate are derived.The accuracy of the proposed model is verified through the finite element(FE)simulation via COMSOL Multiphysics.The results for low electron concentrations align with those of the intrinsic piezoelectric materials,validating the correctness of the present model as well.The combined effects of crack position,applied electric loading,and initial carrier concentration on the crack propagation are analyzed.The normalized electric displacement factor shows heightened sensitivity to crack size,electromechanical loading,and carrier concentration.The crack position significantly influences the crack surface fields and normalized intensity factors due to the boundary proximity effect.展开更多
Cuprous oxide(Cu_(2)O) is one of the most promising catalysts for electrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added C_(2) products.The efficiency of CO_(2)-to-C_(2) conversion is highly dependent on the Cu_(2)O cr...Cuprous oxide(Cu_(2)O) is one of the most promising catalysts for electrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added C_(2) products.The efficiency of CO_(2)-to-C_(2) conversion is highly dependent on the Cu_(2)O crystal plane orientation and the corresponding adsorbed ^(*)CO species.Herein,we constructed high-index crystal planes(311) in Cu_(2)O(CO-Cu_(2)O) via a facile self-selective CO-induced strategy under a CO atmosphere,which was verified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM) and atomic force microscopy(AFM) results.By exploiting the high surface energy of the high index crystal planes,^(*)CO species are stabilized in CO-Cu_(2)O during CO_(2)RR,resulting in exceptional catalytic performance for CO_(2)-to-C_(2)products.In situ infrared spectroscopy revealed that both atop-type(^(*)CO_(atop)) and hollow-type(^(*)CO_(hollow)) adsorption of ^(*)CO species occurred on the CO-Cu_(2)O.The asymmetric C-C coupling energy barrier between ^(*)CO_(atop) and ^(*)CO_(hollow) in(311) crystal plane decreases by 47.8 % compared to the symmetric coupling of ^(*)CO_(atop) in conventional(100) crystal planes.Consequently,the Faradaic efficiency of C_(2) products generated with CO-Cu_(2)O was increased by as high as 100 % compared to that with pristine Cu_(2)O.展开更多
Hydrogen,as a zero-carbon secondary energy carrier,provides a unified pathway for low-carbon energy transformation.In electro–hydrogen coupling systems(EHCSs),surplus renewable power is stored via water electrolysis ...Hydrogen,as a zero-carbon secondary energy carrier,provides a unified pathway for low-carbon energy transformation.In electro–hydrogen coupling systems(EHCSs),surplus renewable power is stored via water electrolysis and later reconverted to electricity using fuel cells or gas turbines,enhancing the system’s flexibility and reliability in support of deep decarbonization.This study constructs an electricity–hydrogen energy-recycling model based on a coupling relationship considering the bidirectional conversion between electricity and hydrogen.A multistage carbon-emission-reduction indicator constraint is also established.Additionally,the green-certificate and carbon trading markets are introduced to optimize equipment investment and operation costs while achieving carbon-emission reduction.A case study reveals that the proposed EHCS planning model effectively allocates carbon emissions across different system stages,while mitigating economic repercussions,thus ensuring closer alignment with China’s emission-reduction policies.Incorporating diverse market mechanisms significantly enhances the system’s economy and decision-making flexibility,particularly in addressing future challenges in the energy market.展开更多
Motivated by the recent discovery of superconductivity in the kagome metal CsCr_(3)Sb_(5) under pressure,we theoretically investigate the superconducting pairing symmetry and the impact of spin–orbit coupling(SOC)in ...Motivated by the recent discovery of superconductivity in the kagome metal CsCr_(3)Sb_(5) under pressure,we theoretically investigate the superconducting pairing symmetry and the impact of spin–orbit coupling(SOC)in this system.By employing an effective four-orbital tight-binding model and solving the linearized gap equation within the random phase approximation,we find that the large inter-orbital spin fluctuations enhanced by Hund’s coupling promote a superconducting gap function with E_(2g)symmetry.The inclusion of SOC further stabilizes this gap symmetry.Our analysis also reveals that the d_(x^(2)-y^(2))orbital plays the dominant role in forming the superconducting pairs.展开更多
Stony debris flows,characterized by coarse boulders embedded in a sediment-laden matrix,greatly amplify destructive potential by altering flow dynamics and impact forces.Conventional single-phase particle-fluidmixture...Stony debris flows,characterized by coarse boulders embedded in a sediment-laden matrix,greatly amplify destructive potential by altering flow dynamics and impact forces.Conventional single-phase particle-fluidmixture models often struggle to capture the complexities introduced by coarse boulders and multi-phase interactions,while strong-coupling methods can be computationally prohibitive for practical hazard assessments.In this study,we propose a semi-hybrid,fully resolved coupling numerical framework for modeling boulder-laden debris flows.This framework conceptualizes debris flows as a composite system comprising a continuous viscous fluidphase(including finesediments)and a discrete phase of arbitrarily shaped coarse particles.The continuous phase is treated as a generalized nonlinear Coulomb-viscoplastic fluidusing the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method,while coarse particles are modeled via the distributed contact discrete element method(DCDEM).These two phases are coupled through an efficienttwo-way resolved scheme,ensuring accurate simulation of flow-boulder interactions within a unifiedtimeframe.We validate the proposed method against two physical experiments:(1)gravity-driven concrete flows and(2)debris flowinteracting with slit-type barriers.Results confirmthe method's robustness in accurately capturing fluid-solid-structureinteractions and deposition processes.Its capabilities are further showcased through the simulation of a stony debris-flowevent inWenchuan County,China,highlighting its promise for real-world engineering applications and validating the effectiveness of the existing cascade dam system in mitigating debrisflowimpact and energy dissipation.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21991093)。
文摘The coupling reactions of methanol and long-chain alkanes(n-dodecane,n-tetradecane and n-hexadecane)over CHA-type molecular sieves were studied in a fixed bed reactor.Over SAPO-34 and SSZ-13,it was found that the induction period of methanol conversion was shortened by the introduction of long-chain alkanes.However,the addition of long-chain alkanes had little influence on the product distribution.Polymethylbenzenes and the derivatives were the main retained species on spent SSZ-13 catalyst,while adamantanes were the main retained species on SAPO-34.This indicates that coking species formation was mainly related to the further transformation of long-chain alkane/methanol coupling products at acid sites of the molecular sieve.These findings provide valuable information of long chain alkanes conversion and methanol reaction behavior of induction period over small pore CHA molecular sieves.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4600902)Shandong Provincial Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars(ZR2024YQ020)。
文摘Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing additive-induced defects,and alleviating residual stress and deformation,all of which are critical for enhancing the mechanical performance of the manufactured parts.Integrating interlayer friction stir processing(FSP)into WAAM significantly enhances the quality of deposited materials.However,numerical simulation research focusing on elucidating the associated thermomechanical coupling mechanisms remains insufficient.A comprehensive numerical model was developed to simulate the thermomechanical coupling behavior in friction stir-assisted WAAM.The influence of post-deposition FSP on the coupled thermomechanical response of the WAAM process was analyzed quantitatively.Moreover,the residual stress distribution and deformation behavior under both single-layer and multilayer deposition conditions were investigated.Thermal analysis of different deposition layers in WAAM and friction stir-assisted WAAM was conducted.Results show that subsequent layer deposition induces partial remelting of the previously solidified layer,whereas FSP does not cause such remelting.Furthermore,thermal stress and deformation analysis confirm that interlayer FSP effectively mitigates residual stresses and distortion in WAAM components,thereby improving their structural integrity and mechanical properties.
基金Youth project under the National Social Science Foundation of China(15CJY054)key project in Philosophy and Social Sciences funded by the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(22SKGH091)。
文摘This study aims to promote the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure in rural areas of China by focusing on the coupling coordination mechanism between digital economy–agriculture integration and rural revitalization.By examining panel data from 30 Chinese provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities between 2011 and 2022,the research constructs a weight-based evaluation system that integrates subjective and objective methods and a coupling coordination model to reveal its dynamic evolution patterns.Key findings indicate that digital economy–agriculture integration and rural revitalization achieve cross-coupling through critical activities.The impact of digital-agriculture integration on advancing rural revitalization lags by 2–3 years.Although the coupling development degree between the two systems continues to improve,it remains at the stage of primary coordination.Regional disparities are significant,showing a gradient pattern of“high degree of coupling development in the east and low degree of coupling development in the west.”
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.62373197)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.23KJB120010)+1 种基金the Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BY20251038)the Cultivation and In-cubation Project of the College of Automation,Nanjing Uni-versity of Posts and Telecommunications.
文摘Multilayer complex dynamical networks,characterized by the intricate topological connections and diverse hierarchical structures,present significant challenges in determining complete structural configurations due to the unique functional attributes and interaction patterns inherent to different layers.This paper addresses the critical question of whether structural information from a known layer can be used to reconstruct the unknown intralayer structure of a target layer within general weighted output-coupling multilayer networks.Building upon the generalized synchronization principle,we propose an innovative reconstruction method that incorporates two essential components in the design of structure observers,the cross-layer coupling modulator and the structural divergence term.A key advantage of the proposed reconstruction method lies in its flexibility to freely designate both the unknown target layer and the known reference layer from the general weighted output-coupling multilayer network.The reduced dependency on full-state observability enables more deployment in engineering applications with partial measurements.Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed structure reconstruction method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22193032 and 32401033)the Research Fund of Wenzhou Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.WIUCASQD2020009,WIUCASQD2023005,XSZD2024004,2021HZSY0061,and WIUCASICTP2022)。
文摘The F_(1)-ATPase and V_(1)-ATPase are rotary biomotors.Alignment of their amino acid sequences,which originate from bovine heart mitochondria(1BMF)and Enterococcus hirae(3VR6),respectively,demonstrates that the segment forming the ATP catalytic pocket is highly conserved.Single-molecule experiments,however,have revealed subtle differences in efficiency between the F_(1) and V_(1) motors.Here,we perform both atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the mechanochemical coupling and coordination in F_(1) and V_(1) ATPase.Our results show that the correlation between conformational changes in F_(1) is stronger than that in V_(1),indicating that the mechanochemical coupling in F_(1) is tighter than in V_(1).Moreover,the unidirectional rotation of F_(1) is more processive than that of V_(1),which accounts for the higher efficiency observed in F_(1) and explains the occasional backward steps detected in single-molecule experiments on V_(1).
基金supported by the National Science and Tech-nology Major Project,China(No.J2019-II-0012-0032)。
文摘The coupling effects among the flow field,temperature distribution and structural deformation in a turbine cannot be ignored,particularly during flight cycles when the turbine experiences varied operational states.Relying solely on steady-state solutions cannot predict the detrimental effects caused by hysteresis.Consequently,this paper employs a quasi-steady-state fluid-thermalstructure multidisciplinary coupling solution method,integrating transient solid heat conduction with steady-state flow field and static structural deformation solutions.After conducting a numerical simulation of a three-dimensional,five-stage,low-pressure turbine air system,the following conclusions are drawn:when boundary conditions attain high-power states through processes that are numerically identical but in opposite directions,slight variations in solid deformation significantly impact the flow field;when boundary conditions attain high-power states through processes that are directionally consistent but have different numerical values,the influence of the boundary condition change rate on the flow field surpasses that of solid deformation.In terms of turbine design parameters,a large difference in stage-reaction between adjacent stages at the lower radius of the turbine can lead to significant changes in the disc cavity flow field during flight cycles.The difference in the stage-reaction of 0.23 at 10%blade height in adjacent stages may induce severe gas ingress in the stator disc cavity.Thus,it is crucial to minimize this difference and to appropriately extend the duration of the deceleration phase to ensure the turbine's safe operation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (MOST)(Grant No.2022YFA1402800)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Presidents International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI)(Grant No.2025PG0006)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(Grant Nos.51831012,12274437,and 52161160334)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (Grant No.YSBR-084)the CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Teamthe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2025M773402)。
文摘Based on the Smit-Suhl formula,we propose a universal approach for solving the magnon-magnon coupling problem in bilayer coupled systems(e.g.,antiferromagnets).This method requires only the energy expression,enabling the automatic derivation of analytical expressions for the eigenmatrix elements via symbolic computation,eliminating the need for tedious manual calculations.Using this approach,we investigate the impact of magnetic hysteresis on magnon-magnon coupling in a system with interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI).The magnetic hysteresis leads to an asymmetric magnetic field dependence of the resonance frequency and alters the number of degeneracy points between the pure optical and acoustic modes.Moreover,it can result in the coupling strength at the gap of the f–H phase diagram being nearly vanishing,contrary to the conventionally expected maximum.These results deepen the understanding of the effect of interlayer DMI on magnon–magnon coupling and the proposed universal method significantly streamlines the solving process of magnon–magnon coupling problems.
基金supported in part by the Mining Hydraulic Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin,China(Grant No.MHTE23-R04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ID N25BSS068).
文摘This study presents an implicit multiphysics coupling method integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),the Multiphase Particle-in-Cell(MPPIC)model,and the Finite Element Method(FEM),implemented with OpenFOAM,CalculiX,and preCICE to simulate fluid-particle-structure interactions with large deformations.Mesh motion in the fluid field is handled using the radial basis function(RBF)method.The particle phase is modeled by MPPIC,where fluid-particle interaction is described through momentum exchange,and inter-particle collisions are characterized by collision stress.The structural field is solved by nonlinear FEM to capture large deformations induced by geometric nonlinearity.Coupling among fields is realized through a partitioned,parallel,and non-intrusive iterative strategy,ensuring stable transfer and convergence of interface forces and displacements.Notably,the influence of particles on the structure is not direct but mediated by the fluid,while structural motion directly affects particle dynamics.The results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively captures multiphysics interaction processes and provides a valuable reference for numerical modeling of coupled fluid-particle-structure systems.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12472062)。
文摘In this paper,a theoretical model is established for locally resonant plates with general resonators,and the corresponding governing equation is derived.The model provides a mathematical demonstration of the locally resonant effect,which contains two parts:the first part is induced by translation coupling,and the second part is induced by rotation coupling.The second part cannot be reflected by most existing theoretical models.The analytical solutions of the dynamic response are compared with the direct numerical simulation(DNS)results for two locally resonant plates with different resonator types,thereby validating the general applicability of the present model.The rotation coupling effect leads to the frequency-dependent effective rotational inertia density and anisotropic dispersion relation of the locally resonant plate,as well as the enhancement of the structural vibration suppression ability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3005603-01)the Natural Science Foundation Science of Anhui Province(Grant No.2308085US02).
文摘Hydraulic asphalt concrete(HAC)has been increasingly employed as an appropriate impervious structure in hydraulic and hydropower engineering.However,asphalt mortar,usually seen as the matrix of HAC composite,is particularly prone to damage under combined stress and seepage interactions,and the mesoscale investigations on the damage-seepage coupling behavior of HAC under complex stress states remain limited.This research develops a numerical three-dimensional mesoscale model composed of asphalt mortar and polyhedral aggregate to investigate the stress-damage-seepage coupling behavior in HAC.In this model,asphalt mortar yields the viscoelastic continuum damage law and aggregate obeys the Mazars’elastic-brittle damage law;simultaneously,the effective permeability coefficient of asphalt mortar is assumed to follow an exponential function of damage.The predicted deviatoric stress-strain and hydraulic gradient-seepage curves both are in good agreement with the reported experimental results,which shows the proposed model is valid and reasonable.The simulated results indicate that the damaged asphalt mortar can induce localized areas of high permeability,which in turn affects the overall impervious performance of HAC.
基金support from the Taishan Scholars Program,Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),Grant No.ZDBS-LY-DQC022Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety,Grant No.SKLGME023003.
文摘High rock temperature is a great challenge frequently encountered during subsurface resource recovery and deep underground space utilization,and it is still unclear how the granitic rock responds to realtime high temperature upon shear loading.To better understand the shear fracture behavior and underlying processes of intact granite exposed to thermal-mechanical coupling loading,direct shear tests were conducted utilizing a newly built testing apparatus at varied normal stresses and high temperatures.Influencesof different temperatures and different heating methods(real-time heating and thermal treatment)on the shear mechanical behavior were compared and discussed.Results indicate that shear stress fluctuationswith some small stress drops occur as shear stress is approaching the peak strength under real-time heating,accompanied by more and earlier AE signal uprushes.This suggests that greater cracking events occur earlier during real-time heating than after thermal treatment,resulting in a lower peak shear strength.Furthermore,the peak shear strength,post-peak stress drop,and cohesion rise from room temperature(RT)to 200℃(the peak strength increases by 8%,5.8%,and 9.9%under normal stress of 5 MPa,15 MPa,and 20 MPa,correspondingly),and subsequently decline from 200℃to 400℃.Temperature has a limited impact on shear stiffness from RT to 200℃,but significantlyreduces it from 200℃to 400℃,with drops of 15%,7.9%,and 10%under normal stress of 5 MPa,15 MPa,and 20 MPa,respectively.Moreover,the shear strength and stiffness under real-time heating are lower than those for the thermally treated specimens.The strengthening of intact granite below 200℃upon shear is associated with loss of water and a more compacted structure,while the weakening effect of temperature on shear strength from 200℃to 400℃is due to the new thermal cracks and less brittle and stiff of minerals.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF1301301)the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen Municipality(No.3502Z202472047)the Geological Survey Program of China Geological Survey(DD20190303).
文摘To address the deficiencies in comprehensive surface contamination prevention strategies within China's nitrate-affected regions,this research innovatively proposes the DITAPH model-a systematic framework integrating groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment and Nitrate Vulnerable Zones(NVZs)delineation through optimization of hydrogeological parameters.Based on detailed hydrogeological and hydrochemical investigations,the DITAPH model was applied in the plain areas of Quanzhou to evaluate its applicability.The model selected hydrogeological parameters(depth of groundwater,lithology of the vadose zone,topographic slope,aquifer water yield property),one climatic parameter(precipitation),and two anthropogenic parameters(land use type and population density)as assessment indicators.The results of the groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment showed that the low,relatively low,relatively high,and high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zones in the study area accounted for 5.96%,35.44%,53.74%and 4.86%of the total area,respectively.Groundwater nitrate vulnerability was most strongly influenced by human activities,followed by groundwater depth and topographic slope.The high vulnerability zone is mainly affected by domestic and industrial wastewater,whereas the relatively high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zone is primarily influenced by agricultural activities.Validation of the DITAPH model revealed a significant positive correlation between the DITAPH index(DI)and nitrate concentration(ρ(NO3−)).The results of the NVZs delineated by the DITAPH model are reliable and can serve as a tool for water resource management planning,guiding the development of targeted measures in the NVZs to prevent groundwater contamination.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274401,12274397,12034018)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1405900)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20240123)。
文摘Surface acoustic wave(SAW)resonators offer distinct advantages for coupling to semiconductor qubits,including low loss,high stability,and compatibility with magnetic fields.However,the integration of SAW resonators with double quantum dots(DQDs)that host charge and spin qubits remains largely unexplored.In this work,we propose a flip-chip architecture that enables three-dimensional integration of a semiconductor DQD with a SAW resonator.Taking experimental feasibility into account,we estimate the coupling strength between a DQD and a SAW resonator.The results suggest that the strong coupling regime can be reached in our design.This study provides theoretical insight and practical guidance for experimental exploration of phonon–electron coupling in hybrid SAW-DQD quantum systems.
文摘[Objective]This study aims to investigate the multi-body hydrodynamic interaction mechanisms during offshore lifting operations of aquaculture net cages in wind-fishery integration systems.By integrating numerical simulations and dynamic analysis methods,this study systematically investigates the coupled dynamic response characteristics during the cage-carrier vessel separation process to reveal its dynamic evolution patterns and key influence mechanisms.[Method]Based on potential flow theory,a fully coupled dynamic analysis model of crane vessel-net cage-semi-submersible barge was established for a marine ranch project in Guangdong.The complete lifting process was dynamically simulated using SESAM software.Five typical operating sea states were configured to investigate the influence of wave parameters on the system's motion response under combined wave-current-wind actions.[Result]The results demonstrate that wave period dominates the system stability.Under short-period conditions,the system maintains stable motion with relatively small horizontal relative displacements,while long-period conditions excite low-frequency resonance,leading to significant slow-drift motions.Vertical response analysis reveals that long-period waves cause severe relative displacement fluctuations between the cage and semi-submersible vessel,with actual displacement amplitudes doubling the preset safety target of 2.045 m.Quantitative analysis further indicates that when significant wave height increases from 1.0 m to 1.5 m,the actual displacement amplitude increases by approximately 20%relative to the target displacement of 2.045 m,demonstrating that its influence is significantly weaker than the displacement variations induced by wave period changes.The complete dynamic simulation successfully captures the continuous dynamic response characteristics during the lifting process.[Conclusion]This research clarifies the influence mechanisms of wave parameters on the cage lifting process,identifying wave period as the crucial factor for operational safety.An operation window assessment method incorporating multi-body coupling effects is established,proposing a safety criterion with peak period not exceeding six seconds as the core requirement.The findings provide theoretical foundation for safe installation of marine ranch net cages and offer valuable references for similar offshore lifting operations.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0137200)supported by the Taishan Scholars Program and Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety(Grant No.SKLGME023003).
文摘High geo-stress and high temperature in deep rock engineering increase the possibility of engineering and geological disasters in discontinuous rocks.However,the influence of thermomechanical coupling on the shear behavior and damage evolution of prefractured granite remains immature.In this context,true triaxial laboratory tests and discrete element method simulations under different confining pressures(σ3=3 MPa,σ2=4 MPa,andσ3=80 MPa,σ2=100 MPa)and temperatures(25℃-500℃)were carried out on rough granite fractures with two different orientations.Results indicate that high temperature and high confining pressure increase the peak strength of the prefractured specimen,leading to more microcracks in the host rock and more gouges between the surfaces.Thermal strengthening at low temperatures(<300℃)and residual stick-slip only occur under a greater confining pressure for prefractured specimens.High confining pressure suppresses generation of the thermal microcracks in the heating stage.Cracks first initiate in the asperities on the fracture surfaces,and then propagate into the rock matrix during the mechanical loading stage.In addition,prefractured granite with a larger fracture angle is characterized by smaller peak and residual strength,faster residual slip,fewer new cracks on the specimen surface,and a more pronounced thermal strengthening effect on peak strength.The slip tendency analysis indicates that a higher maximum principal stress(s1)and a large fracture angle(45°-75°)generally result in a higher potential for fracture slip or activation.This study will contribute to a better understanding of the fracture shear mechanism under true triaxial thermomechanical coupling conditions and provides new insights into the stability evaluation of deep dynamic geological hazards.
基金Project supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(Nos.2022B1515020099 and 2024A1515240026)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372147)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.HIT.OCEF.2024019)。
文摘Understanding the fracture behavior of vertical cracks in piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)structures is vital due to their impacts on device reliability.This study establishes a model for a PS strip with a vertical crack under combined mechanical and electric loading,considering both central and edge cracks.Using Fourier transforms and dislocation density functions,the Mode-Ⅲproblem is converted to Cauchy-type singular integral equations.The crack surface fields,intensity factors,and energy release rate are derived.The accuracy of the proposed model is verified through the finite element(FE)simulation via COMSOL Multiphysics.The results for low electron concentrations align with those of the intrinsic piezoelectric materials,validating the correctness of the present model as well.The combined effects of crack position,applied electric loading,and initial carrier concentration on the crack propagation are analyzed.The normalized electric displacement factor shows heightened sensitivity to crack size,electromechanical loading,and carrier concentration.The crack position significantly influences the crack surface fields and normalized intensity factors due to the boundary proximity effect.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U23A20677,22022610 and 52400137)"Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" R&D Program of Zhejiang (Nos.2022C03146 and 2023C03017)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2024T170805)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.LDT23E06015B06)the support of the Research Computing Center in College of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Zhejiang University for assistance with the calculations。
文摘Cuprous oxide(Cu_(2)O) is one of the most promising catalysts for electrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added C_(2) products.The efficiency of CO_(2)-to-C_(2) conversion is highly dependent on the Cu_(2)O crystal plane orientation and the corresponding adsorbed ^(*)CO species.Herein,we constructed high-index crystal planes(311) in Cu_(2)O(CO-Cu_(2)O) via a facile self-selective CO-induced strategy under a CO atmosphere,which was verified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM) and atomic force microscopy(AFM) results.By exploiting the high surface energy of the high index crystal planes,^(*)CO species are stabilized in CO-Cu_(2)O during CO_(2)RR,resulting in exceptional catalytic performance for CO_(2)-to-C_(2)products.In situ infrared spectroscopy revealed that both atop-type(^(*)CO_(atop)) and hollow-type(^(*)CO_(hollow)) adsorption of ^(*)CO species occurred on the CO-Cu_(2)O.The asymmetric C-C coupling energy barrier between ^(*)CO_(atop) and ^(*)CO_(hollow) in(311) crystal plane decreases by 47.8 % compared to the symmetric coupling of ^(*)CO_(atop) in conventional(100) crystal planes.Consequently,the Faradaic efficiency of C_(2) products generated with CO-Cu_(2)O was increased by as high as 100 % compared to that with pristine Cu_(2)O.
基金supported by State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd.Technology Project(Research on Planning and Operation Technology of Electric–Hydrogen Coupling System Driven by the Electric–Carbon–Green Certificate Market):J2024005.
文摘Hydrogen,as a zero-carbon secondary energy carrier,provides a unified pathway for low-carbon energy transformation.In electro–hydrogen coupling systems(EHCSs),surplus renewable power is stored via water electrolysis and later reconverted to electricity using fuel cells or gas turbines,enhancing the system’s flexibility and reliability in support of deep decarbonization.This study constructs an electricity–hydrogen energy-recycling model based on a coupling relationship considering the bidirectional conversion between electricity and hydrogen.A multistage carbon-emission-reduction indicator constraint is also established.Additionally,the green-certificate and carbon trading markets are introduced to optimize equipment investment and operation costs while achieving carbon-emission reduction.A case study reveals that the proposed EHCS planning model effectively allocates carbon emissions across different system stages,while mitigating economic repercussions,thus ensuring closer alignment with China’s emission-reduction policies.Incorporating diverse market mechanisms significantly enhances the system’s economy and decision-making flexibility,particularly in addressing future challenges in the energy market.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA1408104 and 2021YFA1400400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374137,12434005,12074175,92165205,12004191,and 12550405)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20233001)。
文摘Motivated by the recent discovery of superconductivity in the kagome metal CsCr_(3)Sb_(5) under pressure,we theoretically investigate the superconducting pairing symmetry and the impact of spin–orbit coupling(SOC)in this system.By employing an effective four-orbital tight-binding model and solving the linearized gap equation within the random phase approximation,we find that the large inter-orbital spin fluctuations enhanced by Hund’s coupling promote a superconducting gap function with E_(2g)symmetry.The inclusion of SOC further stabilizes this gap symmetry.Our analysis also reveals that the d_(x^(2)-y^(2))orbital plays the dominant role in forming the superconducting pairs.
基金supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI(Grant Nos.JP23KK0182,JP23K26356,and JP24K00971).
文摘Stony debris flows,characterized by coarse boulders embedded in a sediment-laden matrix,greatly amplify destructive potential by altering flow dynamics and impact forces.Conventional single-phase particle-fluidmixture models often struggle to capture the complexities introduced by coarse boulders and multi-phase interactions,while strong-coupling methods can be computationally prohibitive for practical hazard assessments.In this study,we propose a semi-hybrid,fully resolved coupling numerical framework for modeling boulder-laden debris flows.This framework conceptualizes debris flows as a composite system comprising a continuous viscous fluidphase(including finesediments)and a discrete phase of arbitrarily shaped coarse particles.The continuous phase is treated as a generalized nonlinear Coulomb-viscoplastic fluidusing the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method,while coarse particles are modeled via the distributed contact discrete element method(DCDEM).These two phases are coupled through an efficienttwo-way resolved scheme,ensuring accurate simulation of flow-boulder interactions within a unifiedtimeframe.We validate the proposed method against two physical experiments:(1)gravity-driven concrete flows and(2)debris flowinteracting with slit-type barriers.Results confirmthe method's robustness in accurately capturing fluid-solid-structureinteractions and deposition processes.Its capabilities are further showcased through the simulation of a stony debris-flowevent inWenchuan County,China,highlighting its promise for real-world engineering applications and validating the effectiveness of the existing cascade dam system in mitigating debrisflowimpact and energy dissipation.
