Changes in the pattern of organization of microtubules in the meiotic stages of development of pollen (i.e. from pre-meiotic interphase to more or less metaphase I) of a normal (IR36) and a temperature/photoperiod sen...Changes in the pattern of organization of microtubules in the meiotic stages of development of pollen (i.e. from pre-meiotic interphase to more or less metaphase I) of a normal (IR36) and a temperature/photoperiod sensitive male sterile line (Peiai 64S) of rice were studied using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. In IR36, from pre-meiotic interphase to metaphase I, the pattern of microtubule distribution in the meiocytes underwent a series of changes. Some new organizational patterns of microtubules (that have not been described before) were observed during microsporogenesis, including the existence of a broad band of perinuclear microtubules at the diakinesis stage of development. The pattern of microtubule distribution in the meiocytes of the male sterile line, Peiai 64S, was quite different front that seen in IR36. In Peiai 64S, the microtubules showed abnormal patterns of distribution from pre-meiotic interphase to metaphase I. For example the broad band of perinuclear microtubules seen at diakinesis in IR36 was much disorganized and loosened in Peiai 64S. The spindles formed were also very abnormal and different from the normal spindle. The appearance of abnormal microtubule distribution in the early stages of microsporogenesis may contribute to the malformation and ultimate abortion of pollen in Peiai 64S.展开更多
Curing temperature significantly affects the pozzolanic reaction kinetics of phosphorous slag(PS),thereby governing the early-age(7 d)hydration behavior of PS composite binders at 20,30,and 60℃.The Krstulovic-Dabic k...Curing temperature significantly affects the pozzolanic reaction kinetics of phosphorous slag(PS),thereby governing the early-age(7 d)hydration behavior of PS composite binders at 20,30,and 60℃.The Krstulovic-Dabic kinetic model was applied to identify three characteristic processes:nucleation and growth(NG),phase boundary interaction(I),and diffusion(D).Control mixtures containing inert quartz powder with comparable particle size distributions were prepared for comparison.Pore characteristics of hardened PS pastes at different temperatures were analyzed via mercury intrusion porosimetry,while hydration products were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTG).The experimental results indicate that the retarding effect of PS on early cement hydration outweighs its accelerating effect,attributed to the combined influence of nucleation and dilution,with retardation decreasing as temperature increases.PS exhibits early reactivity and continuously consumes calcium hydroxide through the pozzolanic reaction,as evidenced by stable phase assemblages accompanied by reduced CH content in XRD and TG-DTG analyses.At 20℃,increasing PS content maintains the NG→I→D mechanism but slows reaction rates across all stages.Elevated temperatures significantly accelerate the NG process,shifting the dominant mechanism from NG toward D.Simultaneously,enhanced PS reactivity contributes to a refined pore structure and improved compressive strength.展开更多
The accurate establishment of a ferrite transformation start temperature model is crucial to design a reasonable controlled rolling process and ensure uniform microstructure in aluminum bearing dual-phase steel.The me...The accurate establishment of a ferrite transformation start temperature model is crucial to design a reasonable controlled rolling process and ensure uniform microstructure in aluminum bearing dual-phase steel.The measurements of the expansion-temperature curves of aluminum bearing dual-phase steel under continuous cooling and isothermal conditions are presented,utilizing a dynamic transformation dilatometer experiment.Based on these expansion-temperature curves,the start temperature and incubation time of ferrite transformation were determined,elucidating the influence of process parameters on both the incubation time and the start temperature of ferrite transformation.By integrating metallurgical principles with measured incubation time of ferrite transformation,and considering the effects of temperature and strain,a fitting model for the variation in volume free energy during ferrite nucleation was derived.Building upon this foundation,a high-precision incubation time of ferrite transformation mathematical model for the experimental steel was established.To more accurately calculate the start temperature of ferrite transformation under continuous cooling conditions,the Scheil’s additivity rule was modified to account for the effects of deformation and cooling rate.The results indicate that the modification coefficient decreases with increasing the cooling rate and strain,thereby significantly improving the accuracy of calculating the starting temperature of ferrite transformation using the modified additivity rule.展开更多
Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electro...Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode.The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance.However,the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation,leading to air cathode instability.This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni_(2)-1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(Ni_(2)DDA),an electronically conductiveπ-d conjugated metal-organic framework(MOF).Ni_(2)DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects,with an optical band gap of~1.14 eV.Under illumination,Ni_(2)DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance(with an overpotential of 245 mV vs.reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm^(−2))and photothermal stability.These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni_(2)DDA.Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries,Ni_(2)DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80℃.This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.展开更多
The growing demand for personalized health care,smart wearables,and advanced environmental monitoring has spurred the development of multifunctional materials that combine flexibility,environmental adaptability,and di...The growing demand for personalized health care,smart wearables,and advanced environmental monitoring has spurred the development of multifunctional materials that combine flexibility,environmental adaptability,and diverse functionalities.However,conventional materials often failed to integrate these attributes simultaneously,hindering their applicability in next-generation technologies.Here,we present an organic-inorganic hybrid crystalline material with a unique sandwich-like architecture,in which a flexible organic crystal core is encased by reduced graphene oxide(rGO)and thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU).This strategic integration endows the material with fluorescence,cryogenic flexibility,and electrical conductivity,while also enabling dual sensing and actuation capabilities.The rGO layer facilitates real-time humidity(25-90%RH)and temperature(25-180℃)sensing through environmental interactions,whereas the differential thermal expansion between TPU and the flexible crystal core drives efficient photothermal actuation at-150℃ for advanced thermal regulation.The hybrid material exhibits stable performance under extreme conditions,making it a promising candidate for biomedical monitoring,flexible electronics,and energy applications.This work establishes hybrid crystalline materials as versatile and scalable platforms for addressing complex technological demands,paving the way for their application in next-generation multifunctional devices.展开更多
Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs),as a novel artificial intelligence method for solving partial differential equations,are applicable to solve both forward and inverse problems.This study evaluates the performan...Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs),as a novel artificial intelligence method for solving partial differential equations,are applicable to solve both forward and inverse problems.This study evaluates the performance of PINNs in solving the temperature diffusion equation of the seawater across six scenarios,including forward and inverse problems under three different boundary conditions.Results demonstrate that PINNs achieved consistently higher accuracy with the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions compared to the Robin boundary condition for both forward and inverse problems.Inaccurate weighting of terms in the loss function can reduce model accuracy.Additionally,the sensitivity of model performance to the positioning of sampling points varied between different boundary conditions.In particular,the model under the Dirichlet boundary condition exhibited superior robustness to variations in point positions during the solutions of inverse problems.In contrast,for the Neumann and Robin boundary conditions,accuracy declines when points were sampled from identical positions or at the same time.Subsequently,the Argo observations were used to reconstruct the vertical diffusion of seawater temperature in the north-central Pacific for the applicability of PINNs in the real ocean.The PINNs successfully captured the vertical diffusion characteristics of seawater temperature,reflected the seasonal changes of vertical temperature under different topographic conditions,and revealed the influence of topography on the temperature diffusion coefficient.The PINNs were proved effective in solving the temperature diffusion equation of seawater with limited data,providing a promising technique for simulating or predicting ocean phenomena using sparse observations.展开更多
Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materi...Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materials,they have gained essential applications in the aerospace field and have excellent prospects for application in frontier military fields,such as protecting hot-end components of hypersonic aircraft.This research reviewed the latest research progress of platinum group metal coatings with hightemperature oxidation resistance,including coating preparation techniques,oxidation failure,and alloying modification.The leading preparation techniques of current platinum group metal coatings were discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various existing preparation techniques.Besides,the intrinsic properties,failure forms,and failure mechanisms of coatings of single platinum group metal in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments were analyzed.On this basis,the necessity,main methods,and main achievements of alloying modification of platinum group metals were summarized.Finally,the future development of platinum group coatings with high-temperature oxidation resistance was discussed and prospected.展开更多
Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climb...Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climbing,the heat left her drenched in sweat,making her feel very cold.By midday,the temperature was approaching 20℃,and her heavy jacket had to be tied around her waist,becoming a burden during her hike.This outdoor adventure allowed her to appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also subjected her to repeated changes in temperature.展开更多
In recent years,the research on superconductivity in one-dimensional(1D)materials has been attracting increasing attention due to its potential applications in low-dimensional nanodevices.However,the critical temperat...In recent years,the research on superconductivity in one-dimensional(1D)materials has been attracting increasing attention due to its potential applications in low-dimensional nanodevices.However,the critical temperature(T_(c))of 1D superconductors is low.In this work,we theoretically investigate the possible high T_(c) superconductivity of(5,5)carbon nanotube(CNT).The pristine(5,5)CNT is a Dirac semimetal and can be modulated into a semiconductor by full hydrogenation.Interestingly,by further hole doping,it can be regulated into a metallic state with the sp^(3)-hybridized σ electrons metalized,and a giant Kohn anomaly appears in the optical phonons.The two factors together enhance the electron–phonon coupling,and lead to high-T_(c) superconductivity.When the hole doping concentration of hydrogenated-(5,5)CNT is 2.5 hole/cell,the calculated T_(c) is 82.3 K,exceeding the boiling point of liquid nitrogen.Therefore,the predicted hole-doped hydrogenated-(5,5)CNT provides a new platform for 1D high-T_(c) superconductivity and may have potential applications in 1D nanodevices.展开更多
Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on thes...Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on these characteristics.This study aimed to characterize spikelet filling in early-season rice and identify the key factors contributing to its improvement.Field experiments were conducted over two years(2021 and 2022)to mainly investigate the proportions of fully-filled,partially-filled,and empty spikelets,along with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio and harvest index,in 11 early-season rice varieties.The results revealed significant varietal variation in spikelet filling,with the proportion of fully-filled spikelets ranging from 60.6%to 81.1%in 2021 and from 66.3%to 79.2%in 2022.Among the 11 varieties,Liangyou 42,Lingliangyou 942,and Liangyou 287 exhibited relatively superior performance in spikelet filling.Linear regression revealed that,although a significant negative relationship existed between the proportion of fully-filled spikelets and both partially-filled and empty spikelets,the relationship with partially-filled spikelets was stronger.Additionally,the proportion of fully-filled spikelets showed a significant positive relationship with the harvest index but not with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio.These findings indicate that increasing the harvest index and reducing the occurrence of partially-filled grains are essential strategies for improving spikelet filling in early-season rice.展开更多
Prolonged exposure to n-butanol, a common hazardous volatile organic compound(VOC) in the environment, can lead to a broad range of adverse health effects. Therefore, detecting n-butanol safely and efficiently at low ...Prolonged exposure to n-butanol, a common hazardous volatile organic compound(VOC) in the environment, can lead to a broad range of adverse health effects. Therefore, detecting n-butanol safely and efficiently at low concentrations becomes critical for both environmental monitoring and human health. In this study, a novel Eu/Ce-codoped MOF-ZnO gas sensor was developed for the sensitive detection of n-butanol gas under ultraviolet activation at ambient temperature. A series of Eu/Ce-ZnO nanomaterials were synthesized via a simple co-precipitation route, by carefully designing the varied mass ratios of Eu and Ce incorporated into pristine ZnO derived from MOF precursors. The gas testing results revealed that introducing an appropriate amount of Eu and Ce would enlarge the specific surface area and enrich the oxygen vacancy content compared to pristine MOF-ZnO. Upon UV irradiation, the 0.03 wt% Eu 0.04 wt% Ce-ZnO sensor achieved a superior response of 611 for100 ppm n-butanol at room temperature, 15.28 times higher than that of pristine MOF-ZnO(40). Furthermore, the sensor presented rapid response/recovery times(15 s/28 s) and excellent selectivity. The above contributions pave the way for the promising development of highly sensitive, ultraviolet-enhanced gas sensors for ambient temperature detection of VOCs.展开更多
When the operating temperature of a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is lower than the outlet temperature of a nuclear reactor,the reactor can be directly coupled with the SOEC as a high-temperature heat source.Howe...When the operating temperature of a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is lower than the outlet temperature of a nuclear reactor,the reactor can be directly coupled with the SOEC as a high-temperature heat source.However,the key to the efficiency and return on investment of this hybrid energy system lies in the expected lifetime of the SOEC.This study assessed Ni-YSZ|YSZ|GDC|LSC fuel electrode support cells’long-term stability during electrolysis at 650℃with a current density of−0.5Acm^(−2)over 1818 h.The average voltage degradation rate of 2.63%kh^(−1)unfolded in two phases:an initial rapid decay(90 to 1120 h at 3.58%kh^(−1))and a stable decay(1120 to 1818 h at 2.14%kh^(−1)),emphasizing SOECs’probability coupling with nuclear reactors at 650℃.Post-1818-hour electrolysis revealed nickel particle formation associated with Ni(OH)_(x)diffusion and re-deposition,alongside a strontium-containing layer causing interface cracking.Despite minimal strontium segregation in the EDS,XPS data indicated surface segregation of Sr.This study provides crucial insights into prolonged SOEC operation,highlighting both its potential and challenges.展开更多
Following over 20 years of research,a direct measurement of the QGP temperature has been achieved at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider(RHIC),free from the blue-shift effect and contamination from strong interactions.Thi...Following over 20 years of research,a direct measurement of the QGP temperature has been achieved at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider(RHIC),free from the blue-shift effect and contamination from strong interactions.This viewpoint discusses a recent measurement of the QGP temperature at different stages at the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC(STAR),which used e^(+)e^(-)pairs as penetrating probes.展开更多
This investigation utilizes non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD)simulations to explore shockinduced spallation in single-crystal tantalumacross shock velocities of 0.75–4 km/s and initial temperatures from300 to ...This investigation utilizes non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD)simulations to explore shockinduced spallation in single-crystal tantalumacross shock velocities of 0.75–4 km/s and initial temperatures from300 to 2000 K.Two spallation modes emerge:classical spallation for shock velocity below 1.5 km/s,with solid-state reversible Body-Centered Cubic(BCC)to Face-Centered Cubic(FCC)orHexagonal Close-Packed(HCP)phase transformations and discrete void nucleation-coalescence;micro-spallation for shock velocity above 3.0 km/s,featuring complete shock-induced melting and fragmentation,with a transitional regime(2.0-2.5 km/s)of partial melting.Spall strength decreases monotonically with temperature due to thermal softening.Elevated temperatures delay void nucleation but increase density,expanding spall regions and enhancing structural disorder with reduced BCC recovery.For microspallation,melting exacerbates damage,causing smaller voids and intensified atomic ejection,which increases with temperature.Free surface velocity profiles indicate damage:in classical spallation,first drop marks nucleation,and pullback signals spall layers.In micro-spallation,the first drop is irrelevant,but remains valid.Temperature delays pullback signals and weakens Hugoniot Elastic Limit.This study clarifies temperature-shock coupling in Ta spallation,aiding failure prediction in high-temperature shock environments.展开更多
The glass transition temperature(T_(g))of styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)is a key parameter determining its low-temperature flexibility and processing performance.Accurate prediction of T_(g)is crucial formaterial desig...The glass transition temperature(T_(g))of styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)is a key parameter determining its low-temperature flexibility and processing performance.Accurate prediction of T_(g)is crucial formaterial design and application optimisation.Addressing the limitations of traditional experimental measurements and theoretical models in terms of efficiency,cost,and accuracy,this study proposes a machine learning prediction framework that integrates multi-model ensemble and Bayesian optimization by constructing a multi-component feature dataset and algorithm optimization strategy.Based on the constructed high-quality dataset containing 96 SBR samples,ninemachine learning models were employed to predict the T_(g)of SBR and compare their prediction performance.Ultimately,aGPR-XGBoost mixed model was constructed through model ensemble,achieving high-precision prediction with R^(2)values greater than 0.9 on both the training and test sets.Further feature attribution and local effect analysis were conducted using feature analysis methods such as SHAP and ALE,revealing the nonlinear influence patterns of various components on T_(g),providing a theoretical basis for SBR formulation design and T_(g)regulation.The machine learning prediction framework established in this study combines high-precision prediction with interpretability,significantly enhancing the prediction performance of the T_(g)of SBR.It offers an efficient tool for SBR molecular design and holds great potential for promotion and application.展开更多
Root-zone temperature(RZT)strongly affects plant growth,nutrient uptake and tolerance to environmental stress,making its regulation a key challenge in greenhouse cultivation in cold climates.This study aimed to assess...Root-zone temperature(RZT)strongly affects plant growth,nutrient uptake and tolerance to environmental stress,making its regulation a key challenge in greenhouse cultivation in cold climates.This study aimed to assess the potential of passive techniques,namely black polyethylene mulch and row covers,for modifying RZT dynamics in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)production and to evaluate the predictive performance of the eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)algorithm.Experiments were conducted in Iğdır,Türkiye,over a 61-day period,with soil temperature continuously monitored at depths of 1-30 cm under mulched and non-mulched conditions,alongside measurements of greenhouse air temperature both with and without row covers.The application of row covers increased internal air temperature by 5.8℃,while mulching raised RZT by 0.6-1.3℃,with effects diminishing at deeper layers.XGBoost modeling achieved high predictive accuracy,with RMSE values of 0.150-0.189◦C and R^(2)values above 0.99,and feature-importance analysis indicated that neighboring soil depths were the strongest predictors of RZT.These findings show that integrating row covers and mulching can stabilize the root-zone microclimate without active heating.The XGBoost model provides a robust tool for forecasting soil temperature and supports sustainable greenhouse production in cold regions.展开更多
This study presents a numerical investigation of the transient relaxation dynamics of a near-critical CO_(2)droplet immersed in a warmer supercritical environment composed of the same fluid.Three thermodynamic regimes...This study presents a numerical investigation of the transient relaxation dynamics of a near-critical CO_(2)droplet immersed in a warmer supercritical environment composed of the same fluid.Three thermodynamic regimes were analysed:quasi-critical(T_(r)=1.01,P_(r)=1.01),transitional(T_(r)=2.01,P_(r)=1.01),and deep supercritical(T_(r)=5.01,P_(r)=3.01).Theevolution of density,temperature,and velocity fieldswas examined to characterize the internal structure and stability of the interfacial transition layer.The evolution of density,temperature,and velocity fields highlights the competition between thermal diffusion,compressibility,andmass confinement in shaping the stability of the interfacial transition layer.Near the critical point,strong gradients and flux discontinuities emerge,consistent with known instabilities,whereas higher reduced conditions promote homogenization and stabilized transport.In the deep supercritical regime,smooth and nearly uniform fields indicate robust thermal stability.The model is validated against prior studies on droplet evaporation under supercritical and trans-critical conditions.Beyond theoretical insights,the results underline practical implications for advanced propulsion,heat transfer,and evaporation systems as well as for safe CO_(2)supercritical storage and extraction processes in energy,aerospace,pharmaceutical,and materials industries.展开更多
For red pear,the anthocyanin content is a crucial factor determining the fruit skin color,which affects consumer preferences.Low overnight temperatures promote anthocyanin accumulation,but the molecular mechanism resp...For red pear,the anthocyanin content is a crucial factor determining the fruit skin color,which affects consumer preferences.Low overnight temperatures promote anthocyanin accumulation,but the molecular mechanism responsible is unclear.In this study,‘Hongzaosu’pear(Pyrus pyrifolia×Pyrus communis)fruit were treated with a low nighttime temperature(LNT,16℃)or a warm nighttime temperature(WNT,26℃),with sampling conducted within two diurnal cycles.The results showed that LNT promoted anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit skin.The structural anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpCHS,PpF3H,and PpUFGT exhibited a rhythmic increase in expression at night under LNT.To examine the underlying mechanism,RNA sequencing was conducted using pear calli exposed to LNT and WNT for different durations(24,48,72,or 96 h).Transcriptome analysis revealed 285 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)common to all pairwise comparisons of LNT-and WNT-treated calli of‘Clapp's Favorite’(P.communis)at the sampling time points.KEGG pathway and gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that the common DEGs were enriched in secondary metabolic processes and phenylpropanoid metabolic processes,which are associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis.The transcription factor PpCDF5,which was responsive to LNT,was selected for further study.Dual-luciferase assays showed that PpCDF5 activated the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpMYB10,PpCHS,PpF3H,PpDFR,PpANS,and PpUFGT.The yeast one-hybrid and EMSA assays demonstrated that PpCDF5 directly binds to the PpF3H promoter,which contains an AAAG motif.Overexpression of PpCDF5 in pear calli and transient overexpression in pear fruit both increased anthocyanin accumulation.The results indicate that PpCDF5 is involved in LNT-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear fruit and provide insights into the molecular regulation of commercial fruit coloration.展开更多
High-temperature microwave absorbing materials(MAMs)and structures are increasingly appealing due to their critical role in stealth applications under harsh environments.However,the impedance mismatch caused by increa...High-temperature microwave absorbing materials(MAMs)and structures are increasingly appealing due to their critical role in stealth applications under harsh environments.However,the impedance mismatch caused by increased conduction loss often leads to a significant decline in electromagnetic wave absorp-tion(EMWA)performance at elevated temperatures,which severely restricts their practical application.In this study,we propose a novel approach for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption across a wide temperature range using reduced graphene oxide(RGO)/epoxy resin(EP)metacomposites that integrate both electromagnetic parameters and metamaterial design concepts.Due to the discrete distribution of the units,electromagnetic waves can more easily penetrate the interior of materials,thereby exhibiting stable microwave absorption(MA)performance and impedance-matching characteristics suitable across a wide temperature range.Consequently,exceptional MA properties can be achieved within the tem-perature range from 298 to 473 K.Furthermore,by carefully controlling the structural parameters in RGO metacomposites,both the resonant frequency and effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)can be optimized based on precise manipulation of equivalent electromagnetic parameters.This study not only provides an effective approach for the rational design of MA performance but also offers novel insights into achieving super metamaterials with outstanding performance across a wide temperature spectrum.展开更多
Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the back...Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.展开更多
文摘Changes in the pattern of organization of microtubules in the meiotic stages of development of pollen (i.e. from pre-meiotic interphase to more or less metaphase I) of a normal (IR36) and a temperature/photoperiod sensitive male sterile line (Peiai 64S) of rice were studied using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. In IR36, from pre-meiotic interphase to metaphase I, the pattern of microtubule distribution in the meiocytes underwent a series of changes. Some new organizational patterns of microtubules (that have not been described before) were observed during microsporogenesis, including the existence of a broad band of perinuclear microtubules at the diakinesis stage of development. The pattern of microtubule distribution in the meiocytes of the male sterile line, Peiai 64S, was quite different front that seen in IR36. In Peiai 64S, the microtubules showed abnormal patterns of distribution from pre-meiotic interphase to metaphase I. For example the broad band of perinuclear microtubules seen at diakinesis in IR36 was much disorganized and loosened in Peiai 64S. The spindles formed were also very abnormal and different from the normal spindle. The appearance of abnormal microtubule distribution in the early stages of microsporogenesis may contribute to the malformation and ultimate abortion of pollen in Peiai 64S.
基金Funded by the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program(No.2025YFNZH0022)the Chengdu Municipal Science and Technology Program(No.2025-YF11-00003-HZ)。
文摘Curing temperature significantly affects the pozzolanic reaction kinetics of phosphorous slag(PS),thereby governing the early-age(7 d)hydration behavior of PS composite binders at 20,30,and 60℃.The Krstulovic-Dabic kinetic model was applied to identify three characteristic processes:nucleation and growth(NG),phase boundary interaction(I),and diffusion(D).Control mixtures containing inert quartz powder with comparable particle size distributions were prepared for comparison.Pore characteristics of hardened PS pastes at different temperatures were analyzed via mercury intrusion porosimetry,while hydration products were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTG).The experimental results indicate that the retarding effect of PS on early cement hydration outweighs its accelerating effect,attributed to the combined influence of nucleation and dilution,with retardation decreasing as temperature increases.PS exhibits early reactivity and continuously consumes calcium hydroxide through the pozzolanic reaction,as evidenced by stable phase assemblages accompanied by reduced CH content in XRD and TG-DTG analyses.At 20℃,increasing PS content maintains the NG→I→D mechanism but slows reaction rates across all stages.Elevated temperatures significantly accelerate the NG process,shifting the dominant mechanism from NG toward D.Simultaneously,enhanced PS reactivity contributes to a refined pore structure and improved compressive strength.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project-Intelligent Manufacturing Systems And Robots(2025ZD1602200)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3304800).
文摘The accurate establishment of a ferrite transformation start temperature model is crucial to design a reasonable controlled rolling process and ensure uniform microstructure in aluminum bearing dual-phase steel.The measurements of the expansion-temperature curves of aluminum bearing dual-phase steel under continuous cooling and isothermal conditions are presented,utilizing a dynamic transformation dilatometer experiment.Based on these expansion-temperature curves,the start temperature and incubation time of ferrite transformation were determined,elucidating the influence of process parameters on both the incubation time and the start temperature of ferrite transformation.By integrating metallurgical principles with measured incubation time of ferrite transformation,and considering the effects of temperature and strain,a fitting model for the variation in volume free energy during ferrite nucleation was derived.Building upon this foundation,a high-precision incubation time of ferrite transformation mathematical model for the experimental steel was established.To more accurately calculate the start temperature of ferrite transformation under continuous cooling conditions,the Scheil’s additivity rule was modified to account for the effects of deformation and cooling rate.The results indicate that the modification coefficient decreases with increasing the cooling rate and strain,thereby significantly improving the accuracy of calculating the starting temperature of ferrite transformation using the modified additivity rule.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62464010)Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents(K202005007)+2 种基金Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Young Talents(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0482)Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects(202101BA070001-138)Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023.
文摘Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode.The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance.However,the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation,leading to air cathode instability.This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni_(2)-1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(Ni_(2)DDA),an electronically conductiveπ-d conjugated metal-organic framework(MOF).Ni_(2)DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects,with an optical band gap of~1.14 eV.Under illumination,Ni_(2)DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance(with an overpotential of 245 mV vs.reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm^(−2))and photothermal stability.These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni_(2)DDA.Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries,Ni_(2)DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80℃.This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373181 and 52173164)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(20250102120JC and 20230101038JC)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZB20240259)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M761121 and 2025T180139).
文摘The growing demand for personalized health care,smart wearables,and advanced environmental monitoring has spurred the development of multifunctional materials that combine flexibility,environmental adaptability,and diverse functionalities.However,conventional materials often failed to integrate these attributes simultaneously,hindering their applicability in next-generation technologies.Here,we present an organic-inorganic hybrid crystalline material with a unique sandwich-like architecture,in which a flexible organic crystal core is encased by reduced graphene oxide(rGO)and thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU).This strategic integration endows the material with fluorescence,cryogenic flexibility,and electrical conductivity,while also enabling dual sensing and actuation capabilities.The rGO layer facilitates real-time humidity(25-90%RH)and temperature(25-180℃)sensing through environmental interactions,whereas the differential thermal expansion between TPU and the flexible crystal core drives efficient photothermal actuation at-150℃ for advanced thermal regulation.The hybrid material exhibits stable performance under extreme conditions,making it a promising candidate for biomedical monitoring,flexible electronics,and energy applications.This work establishes hybrid crystalline materials as versatile and scalable platforms for addressing complex technological demands,paving the way for their application in next-generation multifunctional devices.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3008200)the Independent Research Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(No.SML2022SP505)。
文摘Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs),as a novel artificial intelligence method for solving partial differential equations,are applicable to solve both forward and inverse problems.This study evaluates the performance of PINNs in solving the temperature diffusion equation of the seawater across six scenarios,including forward and inverse problems under three different boundary conditions.Results demonstrate that PINNs achieved consistently higher accuracy with the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions compared to the Robin boundary condition for both forward and inverse problems.Inaccurate weighting of terms in the loss function can reduce model accuracy.Additionally,the sensitivity of model performance to the positioning of sampling points varied between different boundary conditions.In particular,the model under the Dirichlet boundary condition exhibited superior robustness to variations in point positions during the solutions of inverse problems.In contrast,for the Neumann and Robin boundary conditions,accuracy declines when points were sampled from identical positions or at the same time.Subsequently,the Argo observations were used to reconstruct the vertical diffusion of seawater temperature in the north-central Pacific for the applicability of PINNs in the real ocean.The PINNs successfully captured the vertical diffusion characteristics of seawater temperature,reflected the seasonal changes of vertical temperature under different topographic conditions,and revealed the influence of topography on the temperature diffusion coefficient.The PINNs were proved effective in solving the temperature diffusion equation of seawater with limited data,providing a promising technique for simulating or predicting ocean phenomena using sparse observations.
文摘Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materials,they have gained essential applications in the aerospace field and have excellent prospects for application in frontier military fields,such as protecting hot-end components of hypersonic aircraft.This research reviewed the latest research progress of platinum group metal coatings with hightemperature oxidation resistance,including coating preparation techniques,oxidation failure,and alloying modification.The leading preparation techniques of current platinum group metal coatings were discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various existing preparation techniques.Besides,the intrinsic properties,failure forms,and failure mechanisms of coatings of single platinum group metal in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments were analyzed.On this basis,the necessity,main methods,and main achievements of alloying modification of platinum group metals were summarized.Finally,the future development of platinum group coatings with high-temperature oxidation resistance was discussed and prospected.
文摘Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climbing,the heat left her drenched in sweat,making her feel very cold.By midday,the temperature was approaching 20℃,and her heavy jacket had to be tied around her waist,becoming a burden during her hike.This outdoor adventure allowed her to appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also subjected her to repeated changes in temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12074213 and 11574108)the Major Basic Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2021ZD01)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2023MA082)。
文摘In recent years,the research on superconductivity in one-dimensional(1D)materials has been attracting increasing attention due to its potential applications in low-dimensional nanodevices.However,the critical temperature(T_(c))of 1D superconductors is low.In this work,we theoretically investigate the possible high T_(c) superconductivity of(5,5)carbon nanotube(CNT).The pristine(5,5)CNT is a Dirac semimetal and can be modulated into a semiconductor by full hydrogenation.Interestingly,by further hole doping,it can be regulated into a metallic state with the sp^(3)-hybridized σ electrons metalized,and a giant Kohn anomaly appears in the optical phonons.The two factors together enhance the electron–phonon coupling,and lead to high-T_(c) superconductivity.When the hole doping concentration of hydrogenated-(5,5)CNT is 2.5 hole/cell,the calculated T_(c) is 82.3 K,exceeding the boiling point of liquid nitrogen.Therefore,the predicted hole-doped hydrogenated-(5,5)CNT provides a new platform for 1D high-T_(c) superconductivity and may have potential applications in 1D nanodevices.
基金funded by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System,grant number CARS-01-33.
文摘Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on these characteristics.This study aimed to characterize spikelet filling in early-season rice and identify the key factors contributing to its improvement.Field experiments were conducted over two years(2021 and 2022)to mainly investigate the proportions of fully-filled,partially-filled,and empty spikelets,along with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio and harvest index,in 11 early-season rice varieties.The results revealed significant varietal variation in spikelet filling,with the proportion of fully-filled spikelets ranging from 60.6%to 81.1%in 2021 and from 66.3%to 79.2%in 2022.Among the 11 varieties,Liangyou 42,Lingliangyou 942,and Liangyou 287 exhibited relatively superior performance in spikelet filling.Linear regression revealed that,although a significant negative relationship existed between the proportion of fully-filled spikelets and both partially-filled and empty spikelets,the relationship with partially-filled spikelets was stronger.Additionally,the proportion of fully-filled spikelets showed a significant positive relationship with the harvest index but not with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio.These findings indicate that increasing the harvest index and reducing the occurrence of partially-filled grains are essential strategies for improving spikelet filling in early-season rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12304467)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2023M732175)。
文摘Prolonged exposure to n-butanol, a common hazardous volatile organic compound(VOC) in the environment, can lead to a broad range of adverse health effects. Therefore, detecting n-butanol safely and efficiently at low concentrations becomes critical for both environmental monitoring and human health. In this study, a novel Eu/Ce-codoped MOF-ZnO gas sensor was developed for the sensitive detection of n-butanol gas under ultraviolet activation at ambient temperature. A series of Eu/Ce-ZnO nanomaterials were synthesized via a simple co-precipitation route, by carefully designing the varied mass ratios of Eu and Ce incorporated into pristine ZnO derived from MOF precursors. The gas testing results revealed that introducing an appropriate amount of Eu and Ce would enlarge the specific surface area and enrich the oxygen vacancy content compared to pristine MOF-ZnO. Upon UV irradiation, the 0.03 wt% Eu 0.04 wt% Ce-ZnO sensor achieved a superior response of 611 for100 ppm n-butanol at room temperature, 15.28 times higher than that of pristine MOF-ZnO(40). Furthermore, the sensor presented rapid response/recovery times(15 s/28 s) and excellent selectivity. The above contributions pave the way for the promising development of highly sensitive, ultraviolet-enhanced gas sensors for ambient temperature detection of VOCs.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA0400000)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2021253)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Limited during the 14th Five Year Plan(No.KJGG-2022-12-CCUS-030500)the Photon Science Center for Carbon Neutrality of Chinese Academy of Science.
文摘When the operating temperature of a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is lower than the outlet temperature of a nuclear reactor,the reactor can be directly coupled with the SOEC as a high-temperature heat source.However,the key to the efficiency and return on investment of this hybrid energy system lies in the expected lifetime of the SOEC.This study assessed Ni-YSZ|YSZ|GDC|LSC fuel electrode support cells’long-term stability during electrolysis at 650℃with a current density of−0.5Acm^(−2)over 1818 h.The average voltage degradation rate of 2.63%kh^(−1)unfolded in two phases:an initial rapid decay(90 to 1120 h at 3.58%kh^(−1))and a stable decay(1120 to 1818 h at 2.14%kh^(−1)),emphasizing SOECs’probability coupling with nuclear reactors at 650℃.Post-1818-hour electrolysis revealed nickel particle formation associated with Ni(OH)_(x)diffusion and re-deposition,alongside a strontium-containing layer causing interface cracking.Despite minimal strontium segregation in the EDS,XPS data indicated surface segregation of Sr.This study provides crucial insights into prolonged SOEC operation,highlighting both its potential and challenges.
文摘Following over 20 years of research,a direct measurement of the QGP temperature has been achieved at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider(RHIC),free from the blue-shift effect and contamination from strong interactions.This viewpoint discusses a recent measurement of the QGP temperature at different stages at the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC(STAR),which used e^(+)e^(-)pairs as penetrating probes.
基金funded by the Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.kq2402024)Chengdu Polytechnic Scientific Research Platform(23KYPT01).
文摘This investigation utilizes non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD)simulations to explore shockinduced spallation in single-crystal tantalumacross shock velocities of 0.75–4 km/s and initial temperatures from300 to 2000 K.Two spallation modes emerge:classical spallation for shock velocity below 1.5 km/s,with solid-state reversible Body-Centered Cubic(BCC)to Face-Centered Cubic(FCC)orHexagonal Close-Packed(HCP)phase transformations and discrete void nucleation-coalescence;micro-spallation for shock velocity above 3.0 km/s,featuring complete shock-induced melting and fragmentation,with a transitional regime(2.0-2.5 km/s)of partial melting.Spall strength decreases monotonically with temperature due to thermal softening.Elevated temperatures delay void nucleation but increase density,expanding spall regions and enhancing structural disorder with reduced BCC recovery.For microspallation,melting exacerbates damage,causing smaller voids and intensified atomic ejection,which increases with temperature.Free surface velocity profiles indicate damage:in classical spallation,first drop marks nucleation,and pullback signals spall layers.In micro-spallation,the first drop is irrelevant,but remains valid.Temperature delays pullback signals and weakens Hugoniot Elastic Limit.This study clarifies temperature-shock coupling in Ta spallation,aiding failure prediction in high-temperature shock environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 52250357 and 52203003).
文摘The glass transition temperature(T_(g))of styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)is a key parameter determining its low-temperature flexibility and processing performance.Accurate prediction of T_(g)is crucial formaterial design and application optimisation.Addressing the limitations of traditional experimental measurements and theoretical models in terms of efficiency,cost,and accuracy,this study proposes a machine learning prediction framework that integrates multi-model ensemble and Bayesian optimization by constructing a multi-component feature dataset and algorithm optimization strategy.Based on the constructed high-quality dataset containing 96 SBR samples,ninemachine learning models were employed to predict the T_(g)of SBR and compare their prediction performance.Ultimately,aGPR-XGBoost mixed model was constructed through model ensemble,achieving high-precision prediction with R^(2)values greater than 0.9 on both the training and test sets.Further feature attribution and local effect analysis were conducted using feature analysis methods such as SHAP and ALE,revealing the nonlinear influence patterns of various components on T_(g),providing a theoretical basis for SBR formulation design and T_(g)regulation.The machine learning prediction framework established in this study combines high-precision prediction with interpretability,significantly enhancing the prediction performance of the T_(g)of SBR.It offers an efficient tool for SBR molecular design and holds great potential for promotion and application.
文摘Root-zone temperature(RZT)strongly affects plant growth,nutrient uptake and tolerance to environmental stress,making its regulation a key challenge in greenhouse cultivation in cold climates.This study aimed to assess the potential of passive techniques,namely black polyethylene mulch and row covers,for modifying RZT dynamics in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)production and to evaluate the predictive performance of the eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)algorithm.Experiments were conducted in Iğdır,Türkiye,over a 61-day period,with soil temperature continuously monitored at depths of 1-30 cm under mulched and non-mulched conditions,alongside measurements of greenhouse air temperature both with and without row covers.The application of row covers increased internal air temperature by 5.8℃,while mulching raised RZT by 0.6-1.3℃,with effects diminishing at deeper layers.XGBoost modeling achieved high predictive accuracy,with RMSE values of 0.150-0.189◦C and R^(2)values above 0.99,and feature-importance analysis indicated that neighboring soil depths were the strongest predictors of RZT.These findings show that integrating row covers and mulching can stabilize the root-zone microclimate without active heating.The XGBoost model provides a robust tool for forecasting soil temperature and supports sustainable greenhouse production in cold regions.
文摘This study presents a numerical investigation of the transient relaxation dynamics of a near-critical CO_(2)droplet immersed in a warmer supercritical environment composed of the same fluid.Three thermodynamic regimes were analysed:quasi-critical(T_(r)=1.01,P_(r)=1.01),transitional(T_(r)=2.01,P_(r)=1.01),and deep supercritical(T_(r)=5.01,P_(r)=3.01).Theevolution of density,temperature,and velocity fieldswas examined to characterize the internal structure and stability of the interfacial transition layer.The evolution of density,temperature,and velocity fields highlights the competition between thermal diffusion,compressibility,andmass confinement in shaping the stability of the interfacial transition layer.Near the critical point,strong gradients and flux discontinuities emerge,consistent with known instabilities,whereas higher reduced conditions promote homogenization and stabilized transport.In the deep supercritical regime,smooth and nearly uniform fields indicate robust thermal stability.The model is validated against prior studies on droplet evaporation under supercritical and trans-critical conditions.Beyond theoretical insights,the results underline practical implications for advanced propulsion,heat transfer,and evaporation systems as well as for safe CO_(2)supercritical storage and extraction processes in energy,aerospace,pharmaceutical,and materials industries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072545,32272639 and 32260745)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LTGN23C150009 and LY22C150003)Zhejiang University Experimental Technology Research Project(Grant No.SYBJS202217).
文摘For red pear,the anthocyanin content is a crucial factor determining the fruit skin color,which affects consumer preferences.Low overnight temperatures promote anthocyanin accumulation,but the molecular mechanism responsible is unclear.In this study,‘Hongzaosu’pear(Pyrus pyrifolia×Pyrus communis)fruit were treated with a low nighttime temperature(LNT,16℃)or a warm nighttime temperature(WNT,26℃),with sampling conducted within two diurnal cycles.The results showed that LNT promoted anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit skin.The structural anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpCHS,PpF3H,and PpUFGT exhibited a rhythmic increase in expression at night under LNT.To examine the underlying mechanism,RNA sequencing was conducted using pear calli exposed to LNT and WNT for different durations(24,48,72,or 96 h).Transcriptome analysis revealed 285 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)common to all pairwise comparisons of LNT-and WNT-treated calli of‘Clapp's Favorite’(P.communis)at the sampling time points.KEGG pathway and gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that the common DEGs were enriched in secondary metabolic processes and phenylpropanoid metabolic processes,which are associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis.The transcription factor PpCDF5,which was responsive to LNT,was selected for further study.Dual-luciferase assays showed that PpCDF5 activated the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpMYB10,PpCHS,PpF3H,PpDFR,PpANS,and PpUFGT.The yeast one-hybrid and EMSA assays demonstrated that PpCDF5 directly binds to the PpF3H promoter,which contains an AAAG motif.Overexpression of PpCDF5 in pear calli and transient overexpression in pear fruit both increased anthocyanin accumulation.The results indicate that PpCDF5 is involved in LNT-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear fruit and provide insights into the molecular regulation of commercial fruit coloration.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.22305066 and 52372041).
文摘High-temperature microwave absorbing materials(MAMs)and structures are increasingly appealing due to their critical role in stealth applications under harsh environments.However,the impedance mismatch caused by increased conduction loss often leads to a significant decline in electromagnetic wave absorp-tion(EMWA)performance at elevated temperatures,which severely restricts their practical application.In this study,we propose a novel approach for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption across a wide temperature range using reduced graphene oxide(RGO)/epoxy resin(EP)metacomposites that integrate both electromagnetic parameters and metamaterial design concepts.Due to the discrete distribution of the units,electromagnetic waves can more easily penetrate the interior of materials,thereby exhibiting stable microwave absorption(MA)performance and impedance-matching characteristics suitable across a wide temperature range.Consequently,exceptional MA properties can be achieved within the tem-perature range from 298 to 473 K.Furthermore,by carefully controlling the structural parameters in RGO metacomposites,both the resonant frequency and effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)can be optimized based on precise manipulation of equivalent electromagnetic parameters.This study not only provides an effective approach for the rational design of MA performance but also offers novel insights into achieving super metamaterials with outstanding performance across a wide temperature spectrum.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFC3714200)Guangxi Key Research and Development Program,China(No.Guike AB24010074)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276099,U24A20515 and 22361162668)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240036)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX24_1529).
文摘Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.
