Knowledge of oceanic thermal structure is significant to characterize the stratification and mixing processes that influences the climate system and oceanic ecosystems.Though in-situ sensors are able to acquire accura...Knowledge of oceanic thermal structure is significant to characterize the stratification and mixing processes that influences the climate system and oceanic ecosystems.Though in-situ sensors are able to acquire accurate vertical temperature profiles,they are mostly limited to fixed locations and sparse extent.Reconstruction of vertical temperature profiles based on remotely sensed sea surface variables has become popular given its cost-effective at extended spatial coverage.To address this,we develop a data-driven model that reconstructs vertical temperature profiles in the Northwest Pacific Ocean using remotely sensed sea surface variables-specifically,sea surface temperature(SST)and sea level anomaly(SLA).The model architecture consists of three components:a convolutional neural network(CNN)to extract spatial features from a 21×21 SST matrix centered on each Argo profile,followed by two fully connected neural networks(NN_(1)and NN_(2))that integrate local SST and SLA to predict the vertical temperature profile.The trained model exhibits high accuracy and robustness in capturing essential vertical temperature features across various depths,as indicated by the high coefficient of determination and minimal error metrics.Given the high correlation of temperature with historical variables,an extended model with input up to 11 d prior to array for real-time geostrophic oceanography(Argo)observations is also evaluated.Its degraded performance suggests that the more recent data adds the most value in the vertical temperature profile reconstruction.Future work will focus on validating the model across different oceanographic regions and incorporating additional sea surface variables to enhance its predictive accuracy and applicability.展开更多
After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the tim...After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions,combined with the limitations of current methods.To address these challenges,various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.Notably,neuromodulation has garnered considerable attention for its potential to enhance nerve regeneration,provide neuroprotection,restore neurons,and regulate the neural reorganization of circuits within the cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract.To improve the effectiveness of these interventions,the implementation of multitarget early interventional neuromodulation strategies,such as electrical and magnetic stimulation,is recommended to enhance functional recovery across different phases of nerve injury.This review concisely outlines the challenges encountered following spinal cord injury,synthesizes existing neurostimulation techniques while emphasizing neuroprotection,repair,and regeneration of impaired connections,and advocates for multi-targeted,task-oriented,and timely interventions.展开更多
The inversion of ocean subsurface temperature and salinity(TS)is a hot topic and challenging problem in the oceanic sciences.In this study,a new method for the inversion of underwater TS in the South China Sea is prop...The inversion of ocean subsurface temperature and salinity(TS)is a hot topic and challenging problem in the oceanic sciences.In this study,a new method for the inversion of underwater TS in the South China Sea is proposed based on an improved generative adversarial network(GAN).The proposed model can derive the underwater TS from sea surface data(specifically,sea surface temperature and the sea surface height anomalies)with an eddy-resolving horizontal resolution of(1/12)°.For comparison,a robust statistics-based model,the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System(MODAS),is also used to invert the subsurface TS in this study.Results show that the root-mean-square errors(RMSEs)of the TS inversions from the GAN-based model are significantly smaller than those from MODAS,especially in the thermocline of the South China Sea,where the RMSE of temperature can be reduced by up to 21.7%and the subsurface salinity RMSE is smaller than 0.32.In particular,the inversion results obtained using the proposed model are more accurate in either the seasonalscale or the synoptic-scale analysis.Firstly,the GAN-based model is more effective for the seasonal-scale extraction and diagnosis of the subsurface stratification,especially in the Luzon Strait and coastal shelf sea areas,in which stronger nonlinearities arise from the Kuroshio intrusion or complex coastal processes dominate the ocean subsurface dynamics.Secondly,the vertical heat pump and cold suction effects in the ocean's upper layers induced by the passage of a typhoon can be reflected more reasonably based on the synoptic-scale analysis with the proposed model.Furthermore,the underwater 3D structure of mesoscale eddies can be skillfully captured by AIGAN(Attention and Inception GAN),which can extract more refined eddy patterns with stronger recognition capability compared with the statistics-based MODAS.The present study can be extended to further explore the subsurface characteristics of the internal variability in the South China Sea.展开更多
Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materi...Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materials,they have gained essential applications in the aerospace field and have excellent prospects for application in frontier military fields,such as protecting hot-end components of hypersonic aircraft.This research reviewed the latest research progress of platinum group metal coatings with hightemperature oxidation resistance,including coating preparation techniques,oxidation failure,and alloying modification.The leading preparation techniques of current platinum group metal coatings were discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various existing preparation techniques.Besides,the intrinsic properties,failure forms,and failure mechanisms of coatings of single platinum group metal in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments were analyzed.On this basis,the necessity,main methods,and main achievements of alloying modification of platinum group metals were summarized.Finally,the future development of platinum group coatings with high-temperature oxidation resistance was discussed and prospected.展开更多
During the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),reconstruction of transition metal sulfides(TMSs)is inevitable.However,the lack of a clear theoretical understanding of this process has impeded the development of effective r...During the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),reconstruction of transition metal sulfides(TMSs)is inevitable.However,the lack of a clear theoretical understanding of this process has impeded the development of effective reconstruction regulation strategies.In this study,we first explored the reconstruction mechanism of CoS_(2)during OER from the perspective of electronic structure and identified two possible pathways:the OH-assisted mechanism and the O-assisted mechanism.Further verification showed that these mechanisms are universally applicable to other TMSs(e.g.,FeS_(2)).Based on the reconstruction mechanism,we investigated the basic reasons for the influence of various regulation strategies,such as vacancy modification and facet engineering,on the reconstruction ability.This verified that the method of analyzing the change in the reconstruction ability of catalysts based on the reconstruction mechanism has a high degree of applicability.Importantly,we proposed a core regulation strategy:the coordination symmetry regulation strategy.Specifically,by breaking the symmetry of the surface coordination environment of TMSs(such as introducing heteroatom doping or strain),the reconstruction process will be facilitated.Our findings provide a comprehensive mechanistic explanation for the reconstruction of TMS catalysts and offer a new idea for the rational design of OER catalysts with controllable reconstruction capacity.展开更多
Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climb...Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climbing,the heat left her drenched in sweat,making her feel very cold.By midday,the temperature was approaching 20℃,and her heavy jacket had to be tied around her waist,becoming a burden during her hike.This outdoor adventure allowed her to appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also subjected her to repeated changes in temperature.展开更多
There is a contradiction between the evolution rate of materials and the time resolution of SR-CT characterization in the in situ synchrotron radiation computed tomography(SR-CT)characterization of ultrafast evolution...There is a contradiction between the evolution rate of materials and the time resolution of SR-CT characterization in the in situ synchrotron radiation computed tomography(SR-CT)characterization of ultrafast evolution process.The sampling strategy of the ultra-sparse angle is an effective method for improving time resolution.Accurate reconstruction under sparse sampling conditions has always been a bottleneck problem.In recent years,convolutional neural networks have shown outstanding advantages in sparse-angle CT reconstruction given the development of deep learning.However,existing ideas did not consider the expression of high-frequency details in neural networks,limiting their application in accurate SR-CT characterization.A novel high-frequency information-constrained deep learning network(HFIC-Net)is proposed in response to this problem.Additional high-frequency information constraints are added to improve the accuracy of the reconstruction results.Further,a series of numerical reconstruction experiments are conducted to verify this new method,and the results indicate that the reconstruction results of HFIC-Net method effectively improve reconstruction quality.This new method uses only eight-angle projections to achieve the reconstruction effect of the filtered backprojection method(FBP)method in 360 projections.The results of the HFIC-Net method demonstrate clear boundaries and accurate detailed structures,correcting the misinformation caused by using other methods.For quantitative evaluation,the SSIM used to evaluate image structure similarity is increased from 0.1951,0.9212,and 0.9308 for FBP,FBP-Conv,and DDC-Net,respectively,to 0.9620 for HFIC-Net.Finally,the results of actual SR-CT experimental data indicate that the new method can suppress artifacts and achieve accurate reconstruction,and it is suitable for the in situ SR-CT accurate characterization of ultxafast evolution process.展开更多
In recent years,the research on superconductivity in one-dimensional(1D)materials has been attracting increasing attention due to its potential applications in low-dimensional nanodevices.However,the critical temperat...In recent years,the research on superconductivity in one-dimensional(1D)materials has been attracting increasing attention due to its potential applications in low-dimensional nanodevices.However,the critical temperature(T_(c))of 1D superconductors is low.In this work,we theoretically investigate the possible high T_(c) superconductivity of(5,5)carbon nanotube(CNT).The pristine(5,5)CNT is a Dirac semimetal and can be modulated into a semiconductor by full hydrogenation.Interestingly,by further hole doping,it can be regulated into a metallic state with the sp^(3)-hybridized σ electrons metalized,and a giant Kohn anomaly appears in the optical phonons.The two factors together enhance the electron–phonon coupling,and lead to high-T_(c) superconductivity.When the hole doping concentration of hydrogenated-(5,5)CNT is 2.5 hole/cell,the calculated T_(c) is 82.3 K,exceeding the boiling point of liquid nitrogen.Therefore,the predicted hole-doped hydrogenated-(5,5)CNT provides a new platform for 1D high-T_(c) superconductivity and may have potential applications in 1D nanodevices.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-borne gamma-ray spectrum survey plays a crucial role in geological mapping,radioactive mineral exploration,and environmental monitoring.However,raw data are often compromised by flight and...Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-borne gamma-ray spectrum survey plays a crucial role in geological mapping,radioactive mineral exploration,and environmental monitoring.However,raw data are often compromised by flight and instrument background noise,as well as detector resolution limitations,which affect the accuracy of geological interpretations.This study aims to explore the application of the Real-ESRGAN algorithm in the super-resolution reconstruction of UAV-borne gamma-ray spectrum images to enhance spatial resolution and the quality of geological feature visualization.We conducted super-resolution reconstruction experiments with 2×,4×and 6×magnification using the Real-ESRGAN algorithm,comparing the results with three other mainstream algorithms(SRCNN,SRGAN,FSRCNN)to verify the superiority in image quality.The experimental results indicate that Real-ESRGAN achieved a structural similarity index(SSIM)value of 0.950 at 2×magnification,significantly higher than the other algorithms,demonstrating its advantage in detail preservation.Furthermore,Real-ESRGAN effectively reduced ringing and overshoot artifacts,enhancing the clarity of geological structures and mineral deposit sites,thus providing high-quality visual information for geological exploration.展开更多
Multilayer complex dynamical networks,characterized by the intricate topological connections and diverse hierarchical structures,present significant challenges in determining complete structural configurations due to ...Multilayer complex dynamical networks,characterized by the intricate topological connections and diverse hierarchical structures,present significant challenges in determining complete structural configurations due to the unique functional attributes and interaction patterns inherent to different layers.This paper addresses the critical question of whether structural information from a known layer can be used to reconstruct the unknown intralayer structure of a target layer within general weighted output-coupling multilayer networks.Building upon the generalized synchronization principle,we propose an innovative reconstruction method that incorporates two essential components in the design of structure observers,the cross-layer coupling modulator and the structural divergence term.A key advantage of the proposed reconstruction method lies in its flexibility to freely designate both the unknown target layer and the known reference layer from the general weighted output-coupling multilayer network.The reduced dependency on full-state observability enables more deployment in engineering applications with partial measurements.Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed structure reconstruction method.展开更多
Background 3D botanical tree reconstruction from a single image plays a vital role in the field of computer graphics.However,accurately capturing the intricate branching patterns and detailed morphologies of trees rem...Background 3D botanical tree reconstruction from a single image plays a vital role in the field of computer graphics.However,accurately capturing the intricate branching patterns and detailed morphologies of trees remains a challenge.Methods In this study,we proposed a novel approach for single-image tree reconstruction using a conditional generative adversarial network to infer the 3D skeleton of a tree in the form of a 2D skeleton depth map.Based on the 2D skeleton depth map,a corresponding branching structure(3D skeleton)that inherits the tree shape in the input image and leaves can be generated using a procedural modeling technique.Result Experimental results show that the proposed method accurately reconstructs diverse tree structures across species.Both quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrate improved skeleton completeness,branching accuracy,and visual realism over baseline methods,while requiring no user input.Conclusions Our proposed approach for generating lifelike 3D tree models from a single image with no user input shows its proficiency in achieving efficient and reliable reconstruction.These results showcase the capability of the proposed model to recreate complex tree architectures while capturing their visual authenticity.展开更多
Fracability is a critical indicator for evaluating the exploration and development potential of coalbed methane reservoirs and assessing the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation operations.Its core functi...Fracability is a critical indicator for evaluating the exploration and development potential of coalbed methane reservoirs and assessing the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation operations.Its core function is to characterize the complexity of the induced fracture network and the resulting effective stimulated volume.In this study,we quantified fracture area and geometric complexity using true triaxial fracturing experiments and computed tomography three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology,combined with the box-counting method to calculate the 3D fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces.The results revealed that the total fracture surface area per unit volume of the stimulated reservoir effectively characterized reservoir fracability;specifically,both a larger total fracture surface area and a higher fractal dimension corresponded to better reservoir fracability.Fracture complexity was enhanced by a decrease in the horizontal principal stress difference or an increase in the injection rate.Under optimal conditions of a 3 MPa stress difference and an injection rate of 60 mL/min,fracability improved by 27.6%.Furthermore,liquid carbon dioxide(CO_(2))improved fracability by 50.7%compared to using water as the fracturing fluid,a result attributed to its low viscosity and strong diffusion capacity,which activated a greater number of natural fractures.A fracability evaluation model integrating brittleness,fracture toughness,and dimensionless net pressure was developed using regression analysis,which demonstrated high reliability with a strong determination coefficient(R^(2))of 0.9019.This study clarifies the logical relationships among fracture area,complexity,and fractal dimension,providing a novel method for evaluating the fracability of coal reservoirs.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of decellularized conjunctival stroma(DCS)as a novel biomaterial by comparing its grafting outcomes with amniotic membrane(AM)when used for conjunctival reconstruction after pri...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of decellularized conjunctival stroma(DCS)as a novel biomaterial by comparing its grafting outcomes with amniotic membrane(AM)when used for conjunctival reconstruction after primary pterygium excision.METHODS:This randomized,parallel-controlled study with allocation concealment enrolled 40 patients with primary pterygium.Participants were randomly assigned to two groups using the sealed envelope method:the DCS group(n=20)and the AM group(n=18),receiving DCS and AM grafts respectively.Slit-lamp photography of the operative eyes was performed preoperatively and at 1,3,5,7,10,30,90,and 180d postoperatively.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and symptom scores were recorded simultaneously.In vivo confocal microscopy was conducted at 3 and 6mo postoperatively.RESULTS:All participants exhibited improved postoperative symptoms.The mean age was 60±9y(male/female ratio:6/14)in the DCS group and 56±12y(male/female ratio:7/11)in the AM group.The average epithelial healing time was 9.89±3.54d in the DCS group and 8.17±1.34d in the AM group(P=0.084).One recurrence case was observed in each group.Postoperative graft hemorrhage was significantly more severe in the DCS group than in the AM group only at 30d postoperatively(P=0.011).In vivo confocal microscopy revealed conjunctival epithelial cell growth in both groups at 90d postoperatively,while clear corneo-conjunctival cell boundaries were observed until 180d postoperatively.CONCLUSION:DCS used in primary pterygium surgery has a safety profile comparable to AM.It promotes rapid postoperative conjunctival healing,achieves a relatively low pterygium recurrence rate,and yields outcomes similar to AM.DCS provides a novel biomaterial option for conjunctival reconstruction after pterygium excision and the treatment of other conjunctival injuries.展开更多
Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on thes...Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on these characteristics.This study aimed to characterize spikelet filling in early-season rice and identify the key factors contributing to its improvement.Field experiments were conducted over two years(2021 and 2022)to mainly investigate the proportions of fully-filled,partially-filled,and empty spikelets,along with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio and harvest index,in 11 early-season rice varieties.The results revealed significant varietal variation in spikelet filling,with the proportion of fully-filled spikelets ranging from 60.6%to 81.1%in 2021 and from 66.3%to 79.2%in 2022.Among the 11 varieties,Liangyou 42,Lingliangyou 942,and Liangyou 287 exhibited relatively superior performance in spikelet filling.Linear regression revealed that,although a significant negative relationship existed between the proportion of fully-filled spikelets and both partially-filled and empty spikelets,the relationship with partially-filled spikelets was stronger.Additionally,the proportion of fully-filled spikelets showed a significant positive relationship with the harvest index but not with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio.These findings indicate that increasing the harvest index and reducing the occurrence of partially-filled grains are essential strategies for improving spikelet filling in early-season rice.展开更多
Background:Penile augmentation through injectable substances is becoming increasingly common.A growing number of aesthetic clinics are developing penile enlargement procedures using various injectable materials.Althou...Background:Penile augmentation through injectable substances is becoming increasingly common.A growing number of aesthetic clinics are developing penile enlargement procedures using various injectable materials.Although these procedures are now performed in more controlled and medically supervised environments,their long-term outcomes remain poorly understood.The promotion of such medical treatments contributes to an increasing interest among adult males in self-injection as a method to alleviate psychological distress associated with penile size concerns.At the same time,access to injectable substances through unofficial or unregulated sources has become increasingly easy.Tor our knowledge,we report the first documented case of self-injection with Garamycin®(gentamicin)cream,contributing to the literature on the often multidisciplinary management of penile enlargement injections,a field still lacking well-established guidelines.Case Description:This case report describes a young patient who self-injected Garamycin®into the penis for the purpose of enlargement.He presented to our urology department with worsening symptoms,including severe and poorly tolerated pain.His primary request was prompt relief of pain while preserving,as much as possible,the aesthetic appearance and functional integrity of his penis.This case required a multi-stage surgical approach to salvage the penis and preserve both its structural integrity and functional outcome.Conclusions:To our knowledge,this case report documents the first reported instance of Garamycin®injection performed for the purpose of penile enlargement.It provides insight into the clinical course of such penile cream injections,demonstrates that a two-stage scrotal flap can achieve both functional and aesthetic outcomes,and highlights the importance of comprehensive management particularly addressing the traumatic impact of penile deformity secondary to inflammation and/or infection,as well as the body dysmorphic concerns often associated with these cases.展开更多
Prolonged exposure to n-butanol, a common hazardous volatile organic compound(VOC) in the environment, can lead to a broad range of adverse health effects. Therefore, detecting n-butanol safely and efficiently at low ...Prolonged exposure to n-butanol, a common hazardous volatile organic compound(VOC) in the environment, can lead to a broad range of adverse health effects. Therefore, detecting n-butanol safely and efficiently at low concentrations becomes critical for both environmental monitoring and human health. In this study, a novel Eu/Ce-codoped MOF-ZnO gas sensor was developed for the sensitive detection of n-butanol gas under ultraviolet activation at ambient temperature. A series of Eu/Ce-ZnO nanomaterials were synthesized via a simple co-precipitation route, by carefully designing the varied mass ratios of Eu and Ce incorporated into pristine ZnO derived from MOF precursors. The gas testing results revealed that introducing an appropriate amount of Eu and Ce would enlarge the specific surface area and enrich the oxygen vacancy content compared to pristine MOF-ZnO. Upon UV irradiation, the 0.03 wt% Eu 0.04 wt% Ce-ZnO sensor achieved a superior response of 611 for100 ppm n-butanol at room temperature, 15.28 times higher than that of pristine MOF-ZnO(40). Furthermore, the sensor presented rapid response/recovery times(15 s/28 s) and excellent selectivity. The above contributions pave the way for the promising development of highly sensitive, ultraviolet-enhanced gas sensors for ambient temperature detection of VOCs.展开更多
When the operating temperature of a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is lower than the outlet temperature of a nuclear reactor,the reactor can be directly coupled with the SOEC as a high-temperature heat source.Howe...When the operating temperature of a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is lower than the outlet temperature of a nuclear reactor,the reactor can be directly coupled with the SOEC as a high-temperature heat source.However,the key to the efficiency and return on investment of this hybrid energy system lies in the expected lifetime of the SOEC.This study assessed Ni-YSZ|YSZ|GDC|LSC fuel electrode support cells’long-term stability during electrolysis at 650℃with a current density of−0.5Acm^(−2)over 1818 h.The average voltage degradation rate of 2.63%kh^(−1)unfolded in two phases:an initial rapid decay(90 to 1120 h at 3.58%kh^(−1))and a stable decay(1120 to 1818 h at 2.14%kh^(−1)),emphasizing SOECs’probability coupling with nuclear reactors at 650℃.Post-1818-hour electrolysis revealed nickel particle formation associated with Ni(OH)_(x)diffusion and re-deposition,alongside a strontium-containing layer causing interface cracking.Despite minimal strontium segregation in the EDS,XPS data indicated surface segregation of Sr.This study provides crucial insights into prolonged SOEC operation,highlighting both its potential and challenges.展开更多
The moving morphable component(MMC)topology optimization method,as a typical explicit topology optimization method,has been widely concerned.In the MMC topology optimization framework,the surrogate material model is m...The moving morphable component(MMC)topology optimization method,as a typical explicit topology optimization method,has been widely concerned.In the MMC topology optimization framework,the surrogate material model is mainly used for finite element analysis at present,and the effectiveness of the surrogate material model has been fully confirmed.However,there are some accuracy problems when dealing with boundary elements using the surrogate material model,which will affect the topology optimization results.In this study,a boundary element reconstruction(BER)model is proposed based on the surrogate material model under the MMC topology optimization framework to improve the accuracy of topology optimization.The proposed BER model can reconstruct the boundary elements by refining the local meshes and obtaining new nodes in boundary elements.Then the density of boundary elements is recalculated using the new node information,which is more accurate than the original model.Based on the new density of boundary elements,the material properties and volume information of the boundary elements are updated.Compared with other finite element analysis methods,the BER model is simple and feasible and can improve computational accuracy.Finally,the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified by comparing it with the optimization results of the original surrogate material model through several numerical examples.展开更多
Following over 20 years of research,a direct measurement of the QGP temperature has been achieved at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider(RHIC),free from the blue-shift effect and contamination from strong interactions.Thi...Following over 20 years of research,a direct measurement of the QGP temperature has been achieved at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider(RHIC),free from the blue-shift effect and contamination from strong interactions.This viewpoint discusses a recent measurement of the QGP temperature at different stages at the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC(STAR),which used e^(+)e^(-)pairs as penetrating probes.展开更多
Root-zone temperature(RZT)strongly affects plant growth,nutrient uptake and tolerance to environmental stress,making its regulation a key challenge in greenhouse cultivation in cold climates.This study aimed to assess...Root-zone temperature(RZT)strongly affects plant growth,nutrient uptake and tolerance to environmental stress,making its regulation a key challenge in greenhouse cultivation in cold climates.This study aimed to assess the potential of passive techniques,namely black polyethylene mulch and row covers,for modifying RZT dynamics in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)production and to evaluate the predictive performance of the eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)algorithm.Experiments were conducted in Iğdır,Türkiye,over a 61-day period,with soil temperature continuously monitored at depths of 1-30 cm under mulched and non-mulched conditions,alongside measurements of greenhouse air temperature both with and without row covers.The application of row covers increased internal air temperature by 5.8℃,while mulching raised RZT by 0.6-1.3℃,with effects diminishing at deeper layers.XGBoost modeling achieved high predictive accuracy,with RMSE values of 0.150-0.189◦C and R^(2)values above 0.99,and feature-importance analysis indicated that neighboring soil depths were the strongest predictors of RZT.These findings show that integrating row covers and mulching can stabilize the root-zone microclimate without active heating.The XGBoost model provides a robust tool for forecasting soil temperature and supports sustainable greenhouse production in cold regions.展开更多
文摘Knowledge of oceanic thermal structure is significant to characterize the stratification and mixing processes that influences the climate system and oceanic ecosystems.Though in-situ sensors are able to acquire accurate vertical temperature profiles,they are mostly limited to fixed locations and sparse extent.Reconstruction of vertical temperature profiles based on remotely sensed sea surface variables has become popular given its cost-effective at extended spatial coverage.To address this,we develop a data-driven model that reconstructs vertical temperature profiles in the Northwest Pacific Ocean using remotely sensed sea surface variables-specifically,sea surface temperature(SST)and sea level anomaly(SLA).The model architecture consists of three components:a convolutional neural network(CNN)to extract spatial features from a 21×21 SST matrix centered on each Argo profile,followed by two fully connected neural networks(NN_(1)and NN_(2))that integrate local SST and SLA to predict the vertical temperature profile.The trained model exhibits high accuracy and robustness in capturing essential vertical temperature features across various depths,as indicated by the high coefficient of determination and minimal error metrics.Given the high correlation of temperature with historical variables,an extended model with input up to 11 d prior to array for real-time geostrophic oceanography(Argo)observations is also evaluated.Its degraded performance suggests that the more recent data adds the most value in the vertical temperature profile reconstruction.Future work will focus on validating the model across different oceanographic regions and incorporating additional sea surface variables to enhance its predictive accuracy and applicability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3603705(to DX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82302866(to YZ).
文摘After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions,combined with the limitations of current methods.To address these challenges,various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.Notably,neuromodulation has garnered considerable attention for its potential to enhance nerve regeneration,provide neuroprotection,restore neurons,and regulate the neural reorganization of circuits within the cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract.To improve the effectiveness of these interventions,the implementation of multitarget early interventional neuromodulation strategies,such as electrical and magnetic stimulation,is recommended to enhance functional recovery across different phases of nerve injury.This review concisely outlines the challenges encountered following spinal cord injury,synthesizes existing neurostimulation techniques while emphasizing neuroprotection,repair,and regeneration of impaired connections,and advocates for multi-targeted,task-oriented,and timely interventions.
基金supported by the National Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2803003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42375143)。
文摘The inversion of ocean subsurface temperature and salinity(TS)is a hot topic and challenging problem in the oceanic sciences.In this study,a new method for the inversion of underwater TS in the South China Sea is proposed based on an improved generative adversarial network(GAN).The proposed model can derive the underwater TS from sea surface data(specifically,sea surface temperature and the sea surface height anomalies)with an eddy-resolving horizontal resolution of(1/12)°.For comparison,a robust statistics-based model,the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System(MODAS),is also used to invert the subsurface TS in this study.Results show that the root-mean-square errors(RMSEs)of the TS inversions from the GAN-based model are significantly smaller than those from MODAS,especially in the thermocline of the South China Sea,where the RMSE of temperature can be reduced by up to 21.7%and the subsurface salinity RMSE is smaller than 0.32.In particular,the inversion results obtained using the proposed model are more accurate in either the seasonalscale or the synoptic-scale analysis.Firstly,the GAN-based model is more effective for the seasonal-scale extraction and diagnosis of the subsurface stratification,especially in the Luzon Strait and coastal shelf sea areas,in which stronger nonlinearities arise from the Kuroshio intrusion or complex coastal processes dominate the ocean subsurface dynamics.Secondly,the vertical heat pump and cold suction effects in the ocean's upper layers induced by the passage of a typhoon can be reflected more reasonably based on the synoptic-scale analysis with the proposed model.Furthermore,the underwater 3D structure of mesoscale eddies can be skillfully captured by AIGAN(Attention and Inception GAN),which can extract more refined eddy patterns with stronger recognition capability compared with the statistics-based MODAS.The present study can be extended to further explore the subsurface characteristics of the internal variability in the South China Sea.
文摘Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materials,they have gained essential applications in the aerospace field and have excellent prospects for application in frontier military fields,such as protecting hot-end components of hypersonic aircraft.This research reviewed the latest research progress of platinum group metal coatings with hightemperature oxidation resistance,including coating preparation techniques,oxidation failure,and alloying modification.The leading preparation techniques of current platinum group metal coatings were discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various existing preparation techniques.Besides,the intrinsic properties,failure forms,and failure mechanisms of coatings of single platinum group metal in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments were analyzed.On this basis,the necessity,main methods,and main achievements of alloying modification of platinum group metals were summarized.Finally,the future development of platinum group coatings with high-temperature oxidation resistance was discussed and prospected.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development program(2022YFA1504000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22302101)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(63185015)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324121002007,JCYJ20230807151503007)the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Project at Southwest United Graduate School(202402AO370001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M721699)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010347).
文摘During the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),reconstruction of transition metal sulfides(TMSs)is inevitable.However,the lack of a clear theoretical understanding of this process has impeded the development of effective reconstruction regulation strategies.In this study,we first explored the reconstruction mechanism of CoS_(2)during OER from the perspective of electronic structure and identified two possible pathways:the OH-assisted mechanism and the O-assisted mechanism.Further verification showed that these mechanisms are universally applicable to other TMSs(e.g.,FeS_(2)).Based on the reconstruction mechanism,we investigated the basic reasons for the influence of various regulation strategies,such as vacancy modification and facet engineering,on the reconstruction ability.This verified that the method of analyzing the change in the reconstruction ability of catalysts based on the reconstruction mechanism has a high degree of applicability.Importantly,we proposed a core regulation strategy:the coordination symmetry regulation strategy.Specifically,by breaking the symmetry of the surface coordination environment of TMSs(such as introducing heteroatom doping or strain),the reconstruction process will be facilitated.Our findings provide a comprehensive mechanistic explanation for the reconstruction of TMS catalysts and offer a new idea for the rational design of OER catalysts with controllable reconstruction capacity.
文摘Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climbing,the heat left her drenched in sweat,making her feel very cold.By midday,the temperature was approaching 20℃,and her heavy jacket had to be tied around her waist,becoming a burden during her hike.This outdoor adventure allowed her to appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also subjected her to repeated changes in temperature.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.12027901 and 12041202)Synchrotron Radiation Joint Fund of University of Science and Technology of China(Nos.KY2090000059 and KY2090000054)。
文摘There is a contradiction between the evolution rate of materials and the time resolution of SR-CT characterization in the in situ synchrotron radiation computed tomography(SR-CT)characterization of ultrafast evolution process.The sampling strategy of the ultra-sparse angle is an effective method for improving time resolution.Accurate reconstruction under sparse sampling conditions has always been a bottleneck problem.In recent years,convolutional neural networks have shown outstanding advantages in sparse-angle CT reconstruction given the development of deep learning.However,existing ideas did not consider the expression of high-frequency details in neural networks,limiting their application in accurate SR-CT characterization.A novel high-frequency information-constrained deep learning network(HFIC-Net)is proposed in response to this problem.Additional high-frequency information constraints are added to improve the accuracy of the reconstruction results.Further,a series of numerical reconstruction experiments are conducted to verify this new method,and the results indicate that the reconstruction results of HFIC-Net method effectively improve reconstruction quality.This new method uses only eight-angle projections to achieve the reconstruction effect of the filtered backprojection method(FBP)method in 360 projections.The results of the HFIC-Net method demonstrate clear boundaries and accurate detailed structures,correcting the misinformation caused by using other methods.For quantitative evaluation,the SSIM used to evaluate image structure similarity is increased from 0.1951,0.9212,and 0.9308 for FBP,FBP-Conv,and DDC-Net,respectively,to 0.9620 for HFIC-Net.Finally,the results of actual SR-CT experimental data indicate that the new method can suppress artifacts and achieve accurate reconstruction,and it is suitable for the in situ SR-CT accurate characterization of ultxafast evolution process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12074213 and 11574108)the Major Basic Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2021ZD01)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2023MA082)。
文摘In recent years,the research on superconductivity in one-dimensional(1D)materials has been attracting increasing attention due to its potential applications in low-dimensional nanodevices.However,the critical temperature(T_(c))of 1D superconductors is low.In this work,we theoretically investigate the possible high T_(c) superconductivity of(5,5)carbon nanotube(CNT).The pristine(5,5)CNT is a Dirac semimetal and can be modulated into a semiconductor by full hydrogenation.Interestingly,by further hole doping,it can be regulated into a metallic state with the sp^(3)-hybridized σ electrons metalized,and a giant Kohn anomaly appears in the optical phonons.The two factors together enhance the electron–phonon coupling,and lead to high-T_(c) superconductivity.When the hole doping concentration of hydrogenated-(5,5)CNT is 2.5 hole/cell,the calculated T_(c) is 82.3 K,exceeding the boiling point of liquid nitrogen.Therefore,the predicted hole-doped hydrogenated-(5,5)CNT provides a new platform for 1D high-T_(c) superconductivity and may have potential applications in 1D nanodevices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12205044 and 12265003)2024 Jiangxi Province Civil-Military Integration Research Institute‘BeiDou+’Project Subtopic(No.2024JXRH0Y06).
文摘Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-borne gamma-ray spectrum survey plays a crucial role in geological mapping,radioactive mineral exploration,and environmental monitoring.However,raw data are often compromised by flight and instrument background noise,as well as detector resolution limitations,which affect the accuracy of geological interpretations.This study aims to explore the application of the Real-ESRGAN algorithm in the super-resolution reconstruction of UAV-borne gamma-ray spectrum images to enhance spatial resolution and the quality of geological feature visualization.We conducted super-resolution reconstruction experiments with 2×,4×and 6×magnification using the Real-ESRGAN algorithm,comparing the results with three other mainstream algorithms(SRCNN,SRGAN,FSRCNN)to verify the superiority in image quality.The experimental results indicate that Real-ESRGAN achieved a structural similarity index(SSIM)value of 0.950 at 2×magnification,significantly higher than the other algorithms,demonstrating its advantage in detail preservation.Furthermore,Real-ESRGAN effectively reduced ringing and overshoot artifacts,enhancing the clarity of geological structures and mineral deposit sites,thus providing high-quality visual information for geological exploration.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.62373197)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.23KJB120010)+1 种基金the Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BY20251038)the Cultivation and In-cubation Project of the College of Automation,Nanjing Uni-versity of Posts and Telecommunications.
文摘Multilayer complex dynamical networks,characterized by the intricate topological connections and diverse hierarchical structures,present significant challenges in determining complete structural configurations due to the unique functional attributes and interaction patterns inherent to different layers.This paper addresses the critical question of whether structural information from a known layer can be used to reconstruct the unknown intralayer structure of a target layer within general weighted output-coupling multilayer networks.Building upon the generalized synchronization principle,we propose an innovative reconstruction method that incorporates two essential components in the design of structure observers,the cross-layer coupling modulator and the structural divergence term.A key advantage of the proposed reconstruction method lies in its flexibility to freely designate both the unknown target layer and the known reference layer from the general weighted output-coupling multilayer network.The reduced dependency on full-state observability enables more deployment in engineering applications with partial measurements.Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed structure reconstruction method.
文摘Background 3D botanical tree reconstruction from a single image plays a vital role in the field of computer graphics.However,accurately capturing the intricate branching patterns and detailed morphologies of trees remains a challenge.Methods In this study,we proposed a novel approach for single-image tree reconstruction using a conditional generative adversarial network to infer the 3D skeleton of a tree in the form of a 2D skeleton depth map.Based on the 2D skeleton depth map,a corresponding branching structure(3D skeleton)that inherits the tree shape in the input image and leaves can be generated using a procedural modeling technique.Result Experimental results show that the proposed method accurately reconstructs diverse tree structures across species.Both quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrate improved skeleton completeness,branching accuracy,and visual realism over baseline methods,while requiring no user input.Conclusions Our proposed approach for generating lifelike 3D tree models from a single image with no user input shows its proficiency in achieving efficient and reliable reconstruction.These results showcase the capability of the proposed model to recreate complex tree architectures while capturing their visual authenticity.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52574047 and Grant No.52374045)Key Project of Sichuan Provincial Joint Fund for Science Technology and Education,China(Grant No.2025NSFSC2008).
文摘Fracability is a critical indicator for evaluating the exploration and development potential of coalbed methane reservoirs and assessing the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation operations.Its core function is to characterize the complexity of the induced fracture network and the resulting effective stimulated volume.In this study,we quantified fracture area and geometric complexity using true triaxial fracturing experiments and computed tomography three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology,combined with the box-counting method to calculate the 3D fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces.The results revealed that the total fracture surface area per unit volume of the stimulated reservoir effectively characterized reservoir fracability;specifically,both a larger total fracture surface area and a higher fractal dimension corresponded to better reservoir fracability.Fracture complexity was enhanced by a decrease in the horizontal principal stress difference or an increase in the injection rate.Under optimal conditions of a 3 MPa stress difference and an injection rate of 60 mL/min,fracability improved by 27.6%.Furthermore,liquid carbon dioxide(CO_(2))improved fracability by 50.7%compared to using water as the fracturing fluid,a result attributed to its low viscosity and strong diffusion capacity,which activated a greater number of natural fractures.A fracability evaluation model integrating brittleness,fracture toughness,and dimensionless net pressure was developed using regression analysis,which demonstrated high reliability with a strong determination coefficient(R^(2))of 0.9019.This study clarifies the logical relationships among fracture area,complexity,and fractal dimension,providing a novel method for evaluating the fracability of coal reservoirs.
基金Supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171018,No.82371022)Beijing Hospitals Authority’s Ascent Plan(No.DFL20240202)+2 种基金The Youth Beijing Scholars Program(No.022)High Level Public Health Technical Talents Construction Project from Beijing(Jie Y)Beijing Municipal Public Welfare Development and Reform Pilot Project for Medical Research Institutes(No.2023YFC2410401).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of decellularized conjunctival stroma(DCS)as a novel biomaterial by comparing its grafting outcomes with amniotic membrane(AM)when used for conjunctival reconstruction after primary pterygium excision.METHODS:This randomized,parallel-controlled study with allocation concealment enrolled 40 patients with primary pterygium.Participants were randomly assigned to two groups using the sealed envelope method:the DCS group(n=20)and the AM group(n=18),receiving DCS and AM grafts respectively.Slit-lamp photography of the operative eyes was performed preoperatively and at 1,3,5,7,10,30,90,and 180d postoperatively.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and symptom scores were recorded simultaneously.In vivo confocal microscopy was conducted at 3 and 6mo postoperatively.RESULTS:All participants exhibited improved postoperative symptoms.The mean age was 60±9y(male/female ratio:6/14)in the DCS group and 56±12y(male/female ratio:7/11)in the AM group.The average epithelial healing time was 9.89±3.54d in the DCS group and 8.17±1.34d in the AM group(P=0.084).One recurrence case was observed in each group.Postoperative graft hemorrhage was significantly more severe in the DCS group than in the AM group only at 30d postoperatively(P=0.011).In vivo confocal microscopy revealed conjunctival epithelial cell growth in both groups at 90d postoperatively,while clear corneo-conjunctival cell boundaries were observed until 180d postoperatively.CONCLUSION:DCS used in primary pterygium surgery has a safety profile comparable to AM.It promotes rapid postoperative conjunctival healing,achieves a relatively low pterygium recurrence rate,and yields outcomes similar to AM.DCS provides a novel biomaterial option for conjunctival reconstruction after pterygium excision and the treatment of other conjunctival injuries.
基金funded by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System,grant number CARS-01-33.
文摘Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on these characteristics.This study aimed to characterize spikelet filling in early-season rice and identify the key factors contributing to its improvement.Field experiments were conducted over two years(2021 and 2022)to mainly investigate the proportions of fully-filled,partially-filled,and empty spikelets,along with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio and harvest index,in 11 early-season rice varieties.The results revealed significant varietal variation in spikelet filling,with the proportion of fully-filled spikelets ranging from 60.6%to 81.1%in 2021 and from 66.3%to 79.2%in 2022.Among the 11 varieties,Liangyou 42,Lingliangyou 942,and Liangyou 287 exhibited relatively superior performance in spikelet filling.Linear regression revealed that,although a significant negative relationship existed between the proportion of fully-filled spikelets and both partially-filled and empty spikelets,the relationship with partially-filled spikelets was stronger.Additionally,the proportion of fully-filled spikelets showed a significant positive relationship with the harvest index but not with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio.These findings indicate that increasing the harvest index and reducing the occurrence of partially-filled grains are essential strategies for improving spikelet filling in early-season rice.
文摘Background:Penile augmentation through injectable substances is becoming increasingly common.A growing number of aesthetic clinics are developing penile enlargement procedures using various injectable materials.Although these procedures are now performed in more controlled and medically supervised environments,their long-term outcomes remain poorly understood.The promotion of such medical treatments contributes to an increasing interest among adult males in self-injection as a method to alleviate psychological distress associated with penile size concerns.At the same time,access to injectable substances through unofficial or unregulated sources has become increasingly easy.Tor our knowledge,we report the first documented case of self-injection with Garamycin®(gentamicin)cream,contributing to the literature on the often multidisciplinary management of penile enlargement injections,a field still lacking well-established guidelines.Case Description:This case report describes a young patient who self-injected Garamycin®into the penis for the purpose of enlargement.He presented to our urology department with worsening symptoms,including severe and poorly tolerated pain.His primary request was prompt relief of pain while preserving,as much as possible,the aesthetic appearance and functional integrity of his penis.This case required a multi-stage surgical approach to salvage the penis and preserve both its structural integrity and functional outcome.Conclusions:To our knowledge,this case report documents the first reported instance of Garamycin®injection performed for the purpose of penile enlargement.It provides insight into the clinical course of such penile cream injections,demonstrates that a two-stage scrotal flap can achieve both functional and aesthetic outcomes,and highlights the importance of comprehensive management particularly addressing the traumatic impact of penile deformity secondary to inflammation and/or infection,as well as the body dysmorphic concerns often associated with these cases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12304467)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2023M732175)。
文摘Prolonged exposure to n-butanol, a common hazardous volatile organic compound(VOC) in the environment, can lead to a broad range of adverse health effects. Therefore, detecting n-butanol safely and efficiently at low concentrations becomes critical for both environmental monitoring and human health. In this study, a novel Eu/Ce-codoped MOF-ZnO gas sensor was developed for the sensitive detection of n-butanol gas under ultraviolet activation at ambient temperature. A series of Eu/Ce-ZnO nanomaterials were synthesized via a simple co-precipitation route, by carefully designing the varied mass ratios of Eu and Ce incorporated into pristine ZnO derived from MOF precursors. The gas testing results revealed that introducing an appropriate amount of Eu and Ce would enlarge the specific surface area and enrich the oxygen vacancy content compared to pristine MOF-ZnO. Upon UV irradiation, the 0.03 wt% Eu 0.04 wt% Ce-ZnO sensor achieved a superior response of 611 for100 ppm n-butanol at room temperature, 15.28 times higher than that of pristine MOF-ZnO(40). Furthermore, the sensor presented rapid response/recovery times(15 s/28 s) and excellent selectivity. The above contributions pave the way for the promising development of highly sensitive, ultraviolet-enhanced gas sensors for ambient temperature detection of VOCs.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA0400000),the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2021253)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Limited during the 14th Five Year Plan(No.KJGG-2022-12-CCUS-030500)the Photon Science Center for Carbon Neutrality of Chinese Academy of Science.
文摘When the operating temperature of a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is lower than the outlet temperature of a nuclear reactor,the reactor can be directly coupled with the SOEC as a high-temperature heat source.However,the key to the efficiency and return on investment of this hybrid energy system lies in the expected lifetime of the SOEC.This study assessed Ni-YSZ|YSZ|GDC|LSC fuel electrode support cells’long-term stability during electrolysis at 650℃with a current density of−0.5Acm^(−2)over 1818 h.The average voltage degradation rate of 2.63%kh^(−1)unfolded in two phases:an initial rapid decay(90 to 1120 h at 3.58%kh^(−1))and a stable decay(1120 to 1818 h at 2.14%kh^(−1)),emphasizing SOECs’probability coupling with nuclear reactors at 650℃.Post-1818-hour electrolysis revealed nickel particle formation associated with Ni(OH)_(x)diffusion and re-deposition,alongside a strontium-containing layer causing interface cracking.Despite minimal strontium segregation in the EDS,XPS data indicated surface segregation of Sr.This study provides crucial insights into prolonged SOEC operation,highlighting both its potential and challenges.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(242102241055)the Industry-University-Research Collaborative Innovation Base on Automobile Lightweight of“Science and Technology Innovation in Central Plains”(2024KCZY315)the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis,Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment(GZ2024A03-ZZU).
文摘The moving morphable component(MMC)topology optimization method,as a typical explicit topology optimization method,has been widely concerned.In the MMC topology optimization framework,the surrogate material model is mainly used for finite element analysis at present,and the effectiveness of the surrogate material model has been fully confirmed.However,there are some accuracy problems when dealing with boundary elements using the surrogate material model,which will affect the topology optimization results.In this study,a boundary element reconstruction(BER)model is proposed based on the surrogate material model under the MMC topology optimization framework to improve the accuracy of topology optimization.The proposed BER model can reconstruct the boundary elements by refining the local meshes and obtaining new nodes in boundary elements.Then the density of boundary elements is recalculated using the new node information,which is more accurate than the original model.Based on the new density of boundary elements,the material properties and volume information of the boundary elements are updated.Compared with other finite element analysis methods,the BER model is simple and feasible and can improve computational accuracy.Finally,the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified by comparing it with the optimization results of the original surrogate material model through several numerical examples.
文摘Following over 20 years of research,a direct measurement of the QGP temperature has been achieved at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider(RHIC),free from the blue-shift effect and contamination from strong interactions.This viewpoint discusses a recent measurement of the QGP temperature at different stages at the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC(STAR),which used e^(+)e^(-)pairs as penetrating probes.
文摘Root-zone temperature(RZT)strongly affects plant growth,nutrient uptake and tolerance to environmental stress,making its regulation a key challenge in greenhouse cultivation in cold climates.This study aimed to assess the potential of passive techniques,namely black polyethylene mulch and row covers,for modifying RZT dynamics in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)production and to evaluate the predictive performance of the eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)algorithm.Experiments were conducted in Iğdır,Türkiye,over a 61-day period,with soil temperature continuously monitored at depths of 1-30 cm under mulched and non-mulched conditions,alongside measurements of greenhouse air temperature both with and without row covers.The application of row covers increased internal air temperature by 5.8℃,while mulching raised RZT by 0.6-1.3℃,with effects diminishing at deeper layers.XGBoost modeling achieved high predictive accuracy,with RMSE values of 0.150-0.189◦C and R^(2)values above 0.99,and feature-importance analysis indicated that neighboring soil depths were the strongest predictors of RZT.These findings show that integrating row covers and mulching can stabilize the root-zone microclimate without active heating.The XGBoost model provides a robust tool for forecasting soil temperature and supports sustainable greenhouse production in cold regions.
