Wheat(Triticum aestivum)faces significant threats from diseases such as powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis)and Fusarium head blight(FHB;caused by Fusarium graminearum),which cause severe yield losses.Moreover,the antago...Wheat(Triticum aestivum)faces significant threats from diseases such as powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis)and Fusarium head blight(FHB;caused by Fusarium graminearum),which cause severe yield losses.Moreover,the antagonism between yield-related traits and disease resistance makes yield resistance coordination a major challenge in wheat breeding.The lack of genetic resources combining both disease resistance and high yield constrains the elucidation of underlying resistance-yield trade-off mechanisms,thereby hindering the development of high-yield and disease-resistant wheat cultivars.Remarkably,Yangmai 33(YM33),a notable wheat cultivar with resistance to both powdery mildew and FHB as well as high-yield performance,was recently developed.It offers a unique opportunity to dissect the genomic architecture underlying the coordination between disease resistance and yield.展开更多
目的:为探讨端粒维持相关基因在结肠腺癌中的表达特征,构建预后模型,并探究其与肿瘤免疫微环境的关系。方法:分析来自癌症基因组图谱(the cancer genome atlas,TCGA)的结肠腺癌转录组和临床数据,进行差异分析。采用Logrank检验、单因素...目的:为探讨端粒维持相关基因在结肠腺癌中的表达特征,构建预后模型,并探究其与肿瘤免疫微环境的关系。方法:分析来自癌症基因组图谱(the cancer genome atlas,TCGA)的结肠腺癌转录组和临床数据,进行差异分析。采用Logrank检验、单因素Cox回归分析筛选预后相关基因,LASSO回归分析构建基于端粒维持相关基因的预后预测模型,根据Cox回归分析确定独立预后危险因素构建列线图,并分析端粒维持相关基因、风险预测模型与免疫微环境的关系。结果:构建了14个基因的预后模型,低风险评分患者总生存时间显著长于高风险评分患者,ROC曲线显示该模型预测结肠腺癌患者1、3、5年生存曲线(area under curve,AUC)值分别为0.794、0.779和0.812,发现该模型预测结肠腺癌患者生存期的能效优于肿瘤分期及分级,高风险组和低风险组间在浸润水平上表现出显著差异。结论:基于端粒维持基因的结肠腺癌预后模型构建,能够准确预测患者生存期,并揭示端粒基因与免疫微环境的密切关系,为结肠腺癌个性化治疗提供新思路。展开更多
This article is based on a recent bibliometric analysis of research progress on liver aging.The liver is notable for its extraordinary ability to rejuvenate,thereby safeguarding and maintaining the organism’s integri...This article is based on a recent bibliometric analysis of research progress on liver aging.The liver is notable for its extraordinary ability to rejuvenate,thereby safeguarding and maintaining the organism’s integrity.With advancing age,there is a noteworthy reduction in both the liver’s size and blood circulation.Furthermore,the wide range of physiological alterations driven on by aging may foster the development of illnesses.Previous studies indicate that liver aging is linked to impaired lipid metabolism and abnormal gene expression associated with chronic inflammation.Factors such as mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere shortening accumulate,which may result in increased hepatic steatosis,which impacts liver regeneration,metabolism,and other functions.Knowing the structural and functional changes could help elderly adults delay liver aging.Increasing public awareness of anti-aging interventions is essential.Besides the use of dietary supplements,alterations in lifestyle,including changes in dietary habits and physical exercise routines,are the most efficacious means to decelerate the aging process of the liver.This article highlights recent advances in the mechanism research of liver aging and summarizes the promising intervention options to delay liver aging for preventing related diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver cancer,with high mortality at advanced stages.Loco-regional treatment including:Radiofrequency(RF)or transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is dec...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver cancer,with high mortality at advanced stages.Loco-regional treatment including:Radiofrequency(RF)or transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is decided according to the size,and the site of the tumor,according to practice guidelines.Alpha fetoprotein(AFP),the most used biomarker in the guidelines,although specific,lacks sensitivity.New biomarkers are needed to understand the underlying pathophysiology,and to be used in clinical practice.AIM To study the effect of loco-regional treatment on telomere length,as a diagnostic and short-term(3 months)prognostic marker.METHODS This is a prospective cohort study,and includes 60 patients visiting Ain Shams University Hospitals.The patients were divided into 2 groups:30 patients with liver cirrhosis(group 1)and 30 HCC patients undergoing RF or TACE(group 2).Laboratory investigations for all patients included:Telomere length in peripheral leukocytes by polymerase chain reaction,AFP,and liver function.In the HCC group,the aforementioned laboratory investigations with abdominal triphasic computed tomography with contrast were performed at baseline,and after 3 months.RESULTS With regard to age,Child-Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores,there was no statistically significant correlation with telomere length.However,there was a correlation between telomere length and age,and both scores before and after 3 months of treatment among HCC patients.On dividing the HCC group according to tumor size with a cutoff of 5 cm,and performing the Mann-Whitney test we found that at baseline telomere length was significantly lower among cases with tumor size≥5 cm than in those with tumor size<5 cm(30 patients;P=0.03).In addition,we found a positive Spearman's rank correlation between telomere length and tumor size in the≥5 cm only group(28 samples from the before and after intervention data;P=0.025).CONCLUSION Telomere length in leukocytes is a potential marker in HCC tumor prognosis.Further research using telomerase activity and telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter gene mutation in a larger cohort is recommended.展开更多
Aging,as an inherent stage of life processes,has always been a core research focus in life sciences.Current studies confirm that the accumulation of intracellular molecular damage is a key driver of aging.As protectiv...Aging,as an inherent stage of life processes,has always been a core research focus in life sciences.Current studies confirm that the accumulation of intracellular molecular damage is a key driver of aging.As protective structures at chromosome ends,telomeres exhibit direct correlations between their length and stability and cellular aging processes,disease risks,and lifespan.This article systematically reviews the structural functions of telomeres and their relationship with aging,with particular emphasis on telomere rejuvenation strategies based on electromagnetic radiation techniques.Key experimental approaches include Gavich's mitotic radiation,Composite Wave Resonator(CWRT),and modern telomere length intervention trials.By synthesizing the latest domestic and international research findings,this paper analyzes the feasibility and limitations of these technologies while exploring their potential applications in anti-aging research,providing theoretical references for future studies.展开更多
Amborella trichopoda(Amborellaceae;hereafter simply Amborella)(Fig.1A)is a shrub endemic to New Caledonia in the Southwest Pacific that represents the sole sister species of all other extant angiosperms(Qiu et al.,199...Amborella trichopoda(Amborellaceae;hereafter simply Amborella)(Fig.1A)is a shrub endemic to New Caledonia in the Southwest Pacific that represents the sole sister species of all other extant angiosperms(Qiu et al.,1999;One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative,2019).Due to its unique phylogenetic status,it holds tremendous interest for botanists.The nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of Amborella were first published in 2013,providing valuable resources for studies on genome and gene family evolution,phylogenomics,and flower development,despite the fact that the assembly is heavily fragmented(Amborella Genome Project,2013;Rice et al.,2013).In 2024,a haplotype-resolved Amborella genome assembly was published,showing significant improvement in quality and completeness(Carey et al.,2024).展开更多
Telomeres have been a subject of genetic research since the 1930s. They play a crucial role in cancer biology, as they influence both cellular senescence and genomic stability. In cancer cells, dysfunctional telomeres...Telomeres have been a subject of genetic research since the 1930s. They play a crucial role in cancer biology, as they influence both cellular senescence and genomic stability. In cancer cells, dysfunctional telomeres can lead to chromosomal fusions and, through deregulation of telomerase, allow replication of mutated chromosomes that might otherwise lead to apoptosis. Research is now focused on improving telomere-based cancer cell detection and developing potential therapies that inhibit telomerase activity in cancerous cells. Telomere research is crucial in understanding the molecular mechanisms influencing tumor growth and invasiveness because of the central role played by telomeres in various cancer types. Several telomerase inhibitors and immunotherapy treatments are in pre-clinical or clinical development. Research on the role of telomeres in oncogenesis has made significant strides, but obstacles remain, including a lack of high-resolution structural understanding, inadequate preclinical models, and concern over potential side effects. Even so, the current path of telomere research holds promise.展开更多
Background:Evidence regarding the effectiveness of prenatal nutritional supplements has mainly considered anthropometric pregnancy outcomes.The effect on markers of health and disease,such as offspring telomere length...Background:Evidence regarding the effectiveness of prenatal nutritional supplements has mainly considered anthropometric pregnancy outcomes.The effect on markers of health and disease,such as offspring telomere length(TL)and mitochondrial DNA content(mtDNAc)is unknown.Objectives:We assessed the efficacy of maternal multiple micronutrient(MMN)-fortified balanced-energy protein(BEP)and iron-folic acid(IFA)supplementation on newborn TL as a secondary outcome and mtDNAc as a non-declared outcome.Design:We conducted a randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso,among pregnant females(15-40 years old)enrolled at<21 weeks of gestation.Mothers received either MMN-fortified BEP and IFA(intervention)or IFA only(control)throughout pregnancy.Whole arterial blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord of 104 control and 90 intervention group infants,respectively.Average relative TL and mtDNAc were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Linear regression models were fitted to assess TL and mtDNAc differences across trial arms.Results:We found that a combined daily MMN-fortified BEP supplement and IFA tablet did not affect newborn TL[β=-0.010(95%CI:-0.057,0.036);P=0.662]or mtDNAc[β=0.065(95%CI:-0.203,0.073);P=0.354],as compared to an IFA tablet alone.These findings were confirmed(P>0.05)by adjusting the regression models for potential prognostic factors of study outcomes at enrollment.Exploratory analyses indicated higher,but non-significantly different mtDNAc among children born either small-for-gestational age,low birthweight,or preterm.Conclusion:Newborns from mothers who received daily nutritional supplements across gestation did not have different relative TL or mtDNAc.展开更多
Objective Telomere length is a key aging biomarker,but its sex-specific impact on individualized life expectancy remains uncertain.This study explores sex differences in leukocyte telomere length(LTL)and individualize...Objective Telomere length is a key aging biomarker,but its sex-specific impact on individualized life expectancy remains uncertain.This study explores sex differences in leukocyte telomere length(LTL)and individualized expected years of life lost(YLL).Methods A prospective cohort of 445,399 participants(203,731 males and 241,668 females)from the UK Biobank was analyzed.LTL values were log-transformed,and YLL was calculated using life tables.Multiple linear regression was applied to examine sex-specific associations.Results In males,each standard deviation(S.D.)increase in LTL was linked to a 0.965-year decrease in YLL(95%CI:–1.025,–0.900;P<0.001).In females,longer LTL was related to a 0.102-year increase in YLL(95%CI:0.057,0.146;P<0.001).Among postmenopausal females,LTL showed a protective effect similar to that in males(0.387-year decrease,95%CI:−0.446,–0.328;P<0.001),while premenopausal females exhibited a detrimental association(0.705-year increase,95%CI:0.625,0.785;P<0.001).Comparable trends were observed across major aging-related diseases,pointing to a consistent biological pattern.Conclusion The influence of LTL on life expectancy varies significantly by sex,with protective associations seen in males and postmenopausal females.This suggests hormonal involvement in telomere dynamics.The results support integrating sex-specific perspectives into aging and telomere research and clinical practice.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD1201100)the research program from the Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory(ZSBBL-KY2023-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32341037).
文摘Wheat(Triticum aestivum)faces significant threats from diseases such as powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis)and Fusarium head blight(FHB;caused by Fusarium graminearum),which cause severe yield losses.Moreover,the antagonism between yield-related traits and disease resistance makes yield resistance coordination a major challenge in wheat breeding.The lack of genetic resources combining both disease resistance and high yield constrains the elucidation of underlying resistance-yield trade-off mechanisms,thereby hindering the development of high-yield and disease-resistant wheat cultivars.Remarkably,Yangmai 33(YM33),a notable wheat cultivar with resistance to both powdery mildew and FHB as well as high-yield performance,was recently developed.It offers a unique opportunity to dissect the genomic architecture underlying the coordination between disease resistance and yield.
文摘目的:为探讨端粒维持相关基因在结肠腺癌中的表达特征,构建预后模型,并探究其与肿瘤免疫微环境的关系。方法:分析来自癌症基因组图谱(the cancer genome atlas,TCGA)的结肠腺癌转录组和临床数据,进行差异分析。采用Logrank检验、单因素Cox回归分析筛选预后相关基因,LASSO回归分析构建基于端粒维持相关基因的预后预测模型,根据Cox回归分析确定独立预后危险因素构建列线图,并分析端粒维持相关基因、风险预测模型与免疫微环境的关系。结果:构建了14个基因的预后模型,低风险评分患者总生存时间显著长于高风险评分患者,ROC曲线显示该模型预测结肠腺癌患者1、3、5年生存曲线(area under curve,AUC)值分别为0.794、0.779和0.812,发现该模型预测结肠腺癌患者生存期的能效优于肿瘤分期及分级,高风险组和低风险组间在浸润水平上表现出显著差异。结论:基于端粒维持基因的结肠腺癌预后模型构建,能够准确预测患者生存期,并揭示端粒基因与免疫微环境的密切关系,为结肠腺癌个性化治疗提供新思路。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82104525Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource Chemistry of Hainan Province,No.rdzw2024s01.
文摘This article is based on a recent bibliometric analysis of research progress on liver aging.The liver is notable for its extraordinary ability to rejuvenate,thereby safeguarding and maintaining the organism’s integrity.With advancing age,there is a noteworthy reduction in both the liver’s size and blood circulation.Furthermore,the wide range of physiological alterations driven on by aging may foster the development of illnesses.Previous studies indicate that liver aging is linked to impaired lipid metabolism and abnormal gene expression associated with chronic inflammation.Factors such as mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere shortening accumulate,which may result in increased hepatic steatosis,which impacts liver regeneration,metabolism,and other functions.Knowing the structural and functional changes could help elderly adults delay liver aging.Increasing public awareness of anti-aging interventions is essential.Besides the use of dietary supplements,alterations in lifestyle,including changes in dietary habits and physical exercise routines,are the most efficacious means to decelerate the aging process of the liver.This article highlights recent advances in the mechanism research of liver aging and summarizes the promising intervention options to delay liver aging for preventing related diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver cancer,with high mortality at advanced stages.Loco-regional treatment including:Radiofrequency(RF)or transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is decided according to the size,and the site of the tumor,according to practice guidelines.Alpha fetoprotein(AFP),the most used biomarker in the guidelines,although specific,lacks sensitivity.New biomarkers are needed to understand the underlying pathophysiology,and to be used in clinical practice.AIM To study the effect of loco-regional treatment on telomere length,as a diagnostic and short-term(3 months)prognostic marker.METHODS This is a prospective cohort study,and includes 60 patients visiting Ain Shams University Hospitals.The patients were divided into 2 groups:30 patients with liver cirrhosis(group 1)and 30 HCC patients undergoing RF or TACE(group 2).Laboratory investigations for all patients included:Telomere length in peripheral leukocytes by polymerase chain reaction,AFP,and liver function.In the HCC group,the aforementioned laboratory investigations with abdominal triphasic computed tomography with contrast were performed at baseline,and after 3 months.RESULTS With regard to age,Child-Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores,there was no statistically significant correlation with telomere length.However,there was a correlation between telomere length and age,and both scores before and after 3 months of treatment among HCC patients.On dividing the HCC group according to tumor size with a cutoff of 5 cm,and performing the Mann-Whitney test we found that at baseline telomere length was significantly lower among cases with tumor size≥5 cm than in those with tumor size<5 cm(30 patients;P=0.03).In addition,we found a positive Spearman's rank correlation between telomere length and tumor size in the≥5 cm only group(28 samples from the before and after intervention data;P=0.025).CONCLUSION Telomere length in leukocytes is a potential marker in HCC tumor prognosis.Further research using telomerase activity and telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter gene mutation in a larger cohort is recommended.
文摘Aging,as an inherent stage of life processes,has always been a core research focus in life sciences.Current studies confirm that the accumulation of intracellular molecular damage is a key driver of aging.As protective structures at chromosome ends,telomeres exhibit direct correlations between their length and stability and cellular aging processes,disease risks,and lifespan.This article systematically reviews the structural functions of telomeres and their relationship with aging,with particular emphasis on telomere rejuvenation strategies based on electromagnetic radiation techniques.Key experimental approaches include Gavich's mitotic radiation,Composite Wave Resonator(CWRT),and modern telomere length intervention trials.By synthesizing the latest domestic and international research findings,this paper analyzes the feasibility and limitations of these technologies while exploring their potential applications in anti-aging research,providing theoretical references for future studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270217,31970205,31770211)Metasequoia funding of Nanjing Forestry University to YY。
文摘Amborella trichopoda(Amborellaceae;hereafter simply Amborella)(Fig.1A)is a shrub endemic to New Caledonia in the Southwest Pacific that represents the sole sister species of all other extant angiosperms(Qiu et al.,1999;One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative,2019).Due to its unique phylogenetic status,it holds tremendous interest for botanists.The nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of Amborella were first published in 2013,providing valuable resources for studies on genome and gene family evolution,phylogenomics,and flower development,despite the fact that the assembly is heavily fragmented(Amborella Genome Project,2013;Rice et al.,2013).In 2024,a haplotype-resolved Amborella genome assembly was published,showing significant improvement in quality and completeness(Carey et al.,2024).
文摘Telomeres have been a subject of genetic research since the 1930s. They play a crucial role in cancer biology, as they influence both cellular senescence and genomic stability. In cancer cells, dysfunctional telomeres can lead to chromosomal fusions and, through deregulation of telomerase, allow replication of mutated chromosomes that might otherwise lead to apoptosis. Research is now focused on improving telomere-based cancer cell detection and developing potential therapies that inhibit telomerase activity in cancerous cells. Telomere research is crucial in understanding the molecular mechanisms influencing tumor growth and invasiveness because of the central role played by telomeres in various cancer types. Several telomerase inhibitors and immunotherapy treatments are in pre-clinical or clinical development. Research on the role of telomeres in oncogenesis has made significant strides, but obstacles remain, including a lack of high-resolution structural understanding, inadequate preclinical models, and concern over potential side effects. Even so, the current path of telomere research holds promise.
基金supported by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(OPP1175213)supported by the Research Foundation Flanders(12X9620N and 12X9623N)the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(946192,HUMYCO)。
文摘Background:Evidence regarding the effectiveness of prenatal nutritional supplements has mainly considered anthropometric pregnancy outcomes.The effect on markers of health and disease,such as offspring telomere length(TL)and mitochondrial DNA content(mtDNAc)is unknown.Objectives:We assessed the efficacy of maternal multiple micronutrient(MMN)-fortified balanced-energy protein(BEP)and iron-folic acid(IFA)supplementation on newborn TL as a secondary outcome and mtDNAc as a non-declared outcome.Design:We conducted a randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso,among pregnant females(15-40 years old)enrolled at<21 weeks of gestation.Mothers received either MMN-fortified BEP and IFA(intervention)or IFA only(control)throughout pregnancy.Whole arterial blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord of 104 control and 90 intervention group infants,respectively.Average relative TL and mtDNAc were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Linear regression models were fitted to assess TL and mtDNAc differences across trial arms.Results:We found that a combined daily MMN-fortified BEP supplement and IFA tablet did not affect newborn TL[β=-0.010(95%CI:-0.057,0.036);P=0.662]or mtDNAc[β=0.065(95%CI:-0.203,0.073);P=0.354],as compared to an IFA tablet alone.These findings were confirmed(P>0.05)by adjusting the regression models for potential prognostic factors of study outcomes at enrollment.Exploratory analyses indicated higher,but non-significantly different mtDNAc among children born either small-for-gestational age,low birthweight,or preterm.Conclusion:Newborns from mothers who received daily nutritional supplements across gestation did not have different relative TL or mtDNAc.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82192903,82192904)the National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(2023ZD0510103)。
文摘Objective Telomere length is a key aging biomarker,but its sex-specific impact on individualized life expectancy remains uncertain.This study explores sex differences in leukocyte telomere length(LTL)and individualized expected years of life lost(YLL).Methods A prospective cohort of 445,399 participants(203,731 males and 241,668 females)from the UK Biobank was analyzed.LTL values were log-transformed,and YLL was calculated using life tables.Multiple linear regression was applied to examine sex-specific associations.Results In males,each standard deviation(S.D.)increase in LTL was linked to a 0.965-year decrease in YLL(95%CI:–1.025,–0.900;P<0.001).In females,longer LTL was related to a 0.102-year increase in YLL(95%CI:0.057,0.146;P<0.001).Among postmenopausal females,LTL showed a protective effect similar to that in males(0.387-year decrease,95%CI:−0.446,–0.328;P<0.001),while premenopausal females exhibited a detrimental association(0.705-year increase,95%CI:0.625,0.785;P<0.001).Comparable trends were observed across major aging-related diseases,pointing to a consistent biological pattern.Conclusion The influence of LTL on life expectancy varies significantly by sex,with protective associations seen in males and postmenopausal females.This suggests hormonal involvement in telomere dynamics.The results support integrating sex-specific perspectives into aging and telomere research and clinical practice.
