1 Significance of All Solid State Laser (DPL) Technology in Field of LaserBecause of the advantages of high conversion efficiency, good beam quality, small size and light weight, DPL becomes the hotspot and priority o...1 Significance of All Solid State Laser (DPL) Technology in Field of LaserBecause of the advantages of high conversion efficiency, good beam quality, small size and light weight, DPL becomes the hotspot and priority of development of laser technology. It may be the main body of laser in the future and replace gas laser and liquid laser. It is a great revolution of laser technology.The developed countries vie in developing DPL. China has achieved great success in this field, but there is a wide gap between the developed countries and us. We should attach great importance to it.展开更多
With the development level of science and technology, electric power equipment is more widely used in the field of railway. Railway power equipment in the long use process may have some fault problems affect the norma...With the development level of science and technology, electric power equipment is more widely used in the field of railway. Railway power equipment in the long use process may have some fault problems affect the normal operation, so the railway unit should improve the attention to state maintenance technology, create a complete railway equipment state maintenance system, so that state maintenance technology can give full play to the application value in the railway power equipment management. This paper firstly analyzes the necessity of state maintenance of railway power equipment, and then discusses the measures to strengthen the maintenance management and maintenance of railway power equipment in order to have certain reference value for relevant research.展开更多
We examine the economics of royalties in bioprospecting contracts between a pharmaceutical and genetic resource supplier （local）, with an eve to understanding the relative advantages of indexing royalty, payments to...We examine the economics of royalties in bioprospecting contracts between a pharmaceutical and genetic resource supplier （local）, with an eve to understanding the relative advantages of indexing royalty, payments to gross revenue or net revenue. We show a risk-averse firm facing only production or only cost risks will index royalties to net revenue. When facing both types of risk the choice of royalty type depends on the relative magnitudes of the production and cost risk. In each case, the risk-averse firm chooses the royalty-type that shifts as much risk as possible to the local. Wheat the local is risk neutral the pharmaceutical＇s and local＇s preferences are compatible.If the local is risk averse and there is only one type of risk, it will prefer a gross revenue royalty, and shift as much risk as possible to the firm： here the local and firm preferences are compatible only ifthe firm is risk-neutral. Lastly we show if the firm sets the terms of the contract and both agents are risk averse, the.firm will not likely volunteer to implement the socially optimal royalty arrangement as it prefers to shift as much risk to the loeal, who now also prefers a more certain return, This last outcome is at the heart of the benefit sharing discussionand suggests if risk sharing and equity are a concern in benefit sharing, then the choice of rcyalty type can be an important part of negotiations between pharmaceuticals and locals for the phytochemical from nature for new drug discovery.展开更多
Twenty-three Tsinghua research achievements recently were recognized at the 2008 State Science and Technology Awards. Tsinghua professors accepted the awards on January 9, 2009 at the annual National Science-Technolog...Twenty-three Tsinghua research achievements recently were recognized at the 2008 State Science and Technology Awards. Tsinghua professors accepted the awards on January 9, 2009 at the annual National Science-Technology Award Ceremony in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.展开更多
Symbol Technologies, Inc., The Enterprise Mobility Company, today announced that it had been selected by ODIN technologies, the leader in the physics of RFID testing, software and deployment, to support its recent con...Symbol Technologies, Inc., The Enterprise Mobility Company, today announced that it had been selected by ODIN technologies, the leader in the physics of RFID testing, software and deployment, to support its recent contract win with the United States Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), the United States Department of Defense’s (DoD) logistics combat support agency that provides supplies and services to America’s military forces worldwide.展开更多
Thermoelectric cooling(TEC)is a solid-state technology that utilizes electricity to pump heat from one side of a material or device to the other.It leverages the dual role of charge carriers,which transport charge and...Thermoelectric cooling(TEC)is a solid-state technology that utilizes electricity to pump heat from one side of a material or device to the other.It leverages the dual role of charge carriers,which transport charge and heat,enabling heat redistribution under external electric and/or magnetic fields.This technology offers advantages including miniaturization,solid-state operation,vibration-free performance,and long-term reliability,making it particularly beneficial in applications where conventional compressor-based cooling is less suitable.Currently,TEC has been mainly employed in near-room-temperature scenarios,including but not limited to refrigerators,precise temperature control in optical modules,and polymerase chain reaction detectors.In recent years,there has been a growing demand for solid-state cooling technologies capable of operating at lower temperatures.For instance,cooling infrared detectors to temperatures below 150 K is crucial to minimize noise and improve sensitivity[1].This brings new challenges for TEC to achieve enhanced cooling capabilities—operating at lower temperature ranges while delivering superior performance.展开更多
文摘1 Significance of All Solid State Laser (DPL) Technology in Field of LaserBecause of the advantages of high conversion efficiency, good beam quality, small size and light weight, DPL becomes the hotspot and priority of development of laser technology. It may be the main body of laser in the future and replace gas laser and liquid laser. It is a great revolution of laser technology.The developed countries vie in developing DPL. China has achieved great success in this field, but there is a wide gap between the developed countries and us. We should attach great importance to it.
文摘With the development level of science and technology, electric power equipment is more widely used in the field of railway. Railway power equipment in the long use process may have some fault problems affect the normal operation, so the railway unit should improve the attention to state maintenance technology, create a complete railway equipment state maintenance system, so that state maintenance technology can give full play to the application value in the railway power equipment management. This paper firstly analyzes the necessity of state maintenance of railway power equipment, and then discusses the measures to strengthen the maintenance management and maintenance of railway power equipment in order to have certain reference value for relevant research.
文摘We examine the economics of royalties in bioprospecting contracts between a pharmaceutical and genetic resource supplier （local）, with an eve to understanding the relative advantages of indexing royalty, payments to gross revenue or net revenue. We show a risk-averse firm facing only production or only cost risks will index royalties to net revenue. When facing both types of risk the choice of royalty type depends on the relative magnitudes of the production and cost risk. In each case, the risk-averse firm chooses the royalty-type that shifts as much risk as possible to the local. Wheat the local is risk neutral the pharmaceutical＇s and local＇s preferences are compatible.If the local is risk averse and there is only one type of risk, it will prefer a gross revenue royalty, and shift as much risk as possible to the firm： here the local and firm preferences are compatible only ifthe firm is risk-neutral. Lastly we show if the firm sets the terms of the contract and both agents are risk averse, the.firm will not likely volunteer to implement the socially optimal royalty arrangement as it prefers to shift as much risk to the loeal, who now also prefers a more certain return, This last outcome is at the heart of the benefit sharing discussionand suggests if risk sharing and equity are a concern in benefit sharing, then the choice of rcyalty type can be an important part of negotiations between pharmaceuticals and locals for the phytochemical from nature for new drug discovery.
文摘Twenty-three Tsinghua research achievements recently were recognized at the 2008 State Science and Technology Awards. Tsinghua professors accepted the awards on January 9, 2009 at the annual National Science-Technology Award Ceremony in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
文摘Symbol Technologies, Inc., The Enterprise Mobility Company, today announced that it had been selected by ODIN technologies, the leader in the physics of RFID testing, software and deployment, to support its recent contract win with the United States Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), the United States Department of Defense’s (DoD) logistics combat support agency that provides supplies and services to America’s military forces worldwide.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFA1409200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52471239)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2024-00075)。
文摘Thermoelectric cooling(TEC)is a solid-state technology that utilizes electricity to pump heat from one side of a material or device to the other.It leverages the dual role of charge carriers,which transport charge and heat,enabling heat redistribution under external electric and/or magnetic fields.This technology offers advantages including miniaturization,solid-state operation,vibration-free performance,and long-term reliability,making it particularly beneficial in applications where conventional compressor-based cooling is less suitable.Currently,TEC has been mainly employed in near-room-temperature scenarios,including but not limited to refrigerators,precise temperature control in optical modules,and polymerase chain reaction detectors.In recent years,there has been a growing demand for solid-state cooling technologies capable of operating at lower temperatures.For instance,cooling infrared detectors to temperatures below 150 K is crucial to minimize noise and improve sensitivity[1].This brings new challenges for TEC to achieve enhanced cooling capabilities—operating at lower temperature ranges while delivering superior performance.
