In the next 15 years, world trade will maintain considerably high growth, and it is predicted that the annual growth rate of the world’s commodity trade will be 6％. It is expected that the total volume of the world...In the next 15 years, world trade will maintain considerably high growth, and it is predicted that the annual growth rate of the world’s commodity trade will be 6％. It is expected that the total volume of the world’s commodity trade will reach US$5.6 trillion in the year 2000; and this figure will rise to US$10tillion in 2010. The development trend in commodity composition shows that the trade volume of manufactured goods continues to expand, the market for primary goods is declining, and mechano-electrical products, especially high-value technical products, will be the items with the highest predicted growth in展开更多
(1) Cultivation for High Yields of Paddy Rice or Wheat The technology is used in less or fiee plowing for high-yield paddy rice or wheat with new strain seeds to simplify seedling cultivation, seed sowing, fertilizing...(1) Cultivation for High Yields of Paddy Rice or Wheat The technology is used in less or fiee plowing for high-yield paddy rice or wheat with new strain seeds to simplify seedling cultivation, seed sowing, fertilizing, chemical weeding, and reaping mechanization. It can yeild 550-600 kg of paddy rice per mu or 400-500 kg of wheat per mu. It is a China state key project of scientific and technological development,展开更多
Zhang Zhuying,45,is now chief engineer in No.1 Carbon Plant un-der the Guizhou Aluminum Smelter.Graduated from Central South University of Technology in 1969,shewas assigned to Anode Paste Workshop belong to No.2 Bran...Zhang Zhuying,45,is now chief engineer in No.1 Carbon Plant un-der the Guizhou Aluminum Smelter.Graduated from Central South University of Technology in 1969,shewas assigned to Anode Paste Workshop belong to No.2 Branch under Gui-展开更多
This study utilizes panel data from 293 Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above,spanning from 2013 to 2022,to empirically examine the net effects and underlying mechanisms of establishing pilot free trade zone...This study utilizes panel data from 293 Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above,spanning from 2013 to 2022,to empirically examine the net effects and underlying mechanisms of establishing pilot free trade zones(FTZs)on integration into the digital global value chain(DGVC).The results demonstrate that the establishment of pilot FTZs positively promotes integration into the DGVC and generates a spatial spillover effect.Compared to coastal areas and small-and medium-sized cities,pilot FTZs have a more significant impact on the integration of inland regions and large cities into the DGVC.Mechanism tests reveal that pilot FTZs drive integration into the DGVC primarily by promoting digital industry agglomeration and enhancing the technological content of exports.Furthermore,bilateral foreign direct investment and digital trade rules positively amplify the impact of pilot FTZs on integration into the DGVC.Therefore,this study recommends comprehensively deepening the development of pilot FTZs,consistently enhancing the technological content of exports,and proactively establishing a sound digital trade regulatory framework.These recommendations offer valuable insights for DGVC integration and the construction of a high-standard free trade network.展开更多
This paper develops a framework for the assessment of global value chain embeddedness based on the dual structure of product embeddedness and functional embeddedness and provides a theoretical demonstration of the dua...This paper develops a framework for the assessment of global value chain embeddedness based on the dual structure of product embeddedness and functional embeddedness and provides a theoretical demonstration of the dual effects of the level, structure and the value sources of global value chain embeddedness on export technology sophistication. From there, the paper carries out an estimation of non-competitive input- output table using quadratic optimized algorithm with differentiation between processing trade and general trade to arrive at various indicators of foreign value-added ratio that reflect the level of global value chain embeddedness. On this basis, the panel econometric model for 27 manufacturing sectors of China between 2001 and 2010 is employed to test the effect of foreign value-added ratio on the technology sophistication of manufacturing export. Our research indicates that by taking part in division of labor in the global value chain and acquiring foreign intermediate inputs, China＇s manufacturing sector has increased its export technology sophistication. It also indicates that, compared with such inputs as raw materials and parts and components, service input has great contributions to technology improvement. With the direct contributions of foreign value-added under control, the foreign value-added from developed countries has a restrictive effect on the R＆D activities of export manufacturing, which gives rise to the one-way technology reliance on dominant enterprises of the value chain and the ＂low-end lock-up＂ effect; meanwhile, the method of embeddedness that takes advantage of the foreign value-added of other countries is more dependent on the indigenous R＆D capacity of export enterprises and thus more favorable to the improvement of export technology sophistication.展开更多
Standards for Low-Carbon Energy Portfolios(LC-EPS)mandate that a certain percentage of a region's electricity generation originate from zero-or low-emissions sources.From 1995Q1 through 2020Q4,the study used the A...Standards for Low-Carbon Energy Portfolios(LC-EPS)mandate that a certain percentage of a region's electricity generation originate from zero-or low-emissions sources.From 1995Q1 through 2020Q4,the study used the ARDL-Bounds testing technique to estimate coefficient parameters,Granger causality to draw causal inferences,and variance decomposition analysis to anticipate the factors that will have the greatest impact on carbon emissions in the US economy.Nuclear power significantly impacts carbon emissions,as seen by an inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve,whereas long-term impact of innovation leads to lower emissions.On the other hand,exports of sophisticated technology reduce carbon emissions.Economic growth has a discernible effect on carbon emissions,nuclear power,innovation,and environmentally friendly financing.High-tech exports will likely impact carbon emissions most,followed by a demand for nuclear power,innovation,economic expansion,and sustainable finance for the next ten years.These results give policymakers helpful insight into how the US economy may reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change via renewable energy and green finance.展开更多
Using panel data from 31 provinces in China,covering the period from 2003 to 2017,this article analyzes the threshold effect of factor price distortion on the technological content of exports.The results show that fac...Using panel data from 31 provinces in China,covering the period from 2003 to 2017,this article analyzes the threshold effect of factor price distortion on the technological content of exports.The results show that factor price distortion does not necessarily impede improvement in the quality of the technological content of exports.Instead,the adverse ejfect can be weakened when the value of per capita GDP is higher than RMB13,154 or the value of FDI goes beyond RMB480.9 billion.This is because a high regional economic development level alleviates the adverse effect of factor price distortion on the technological content of exports.Our results are robust when the dependent variable and sample years are changed.This article also addresses the endogeneity issue.We also consider the underlying mechanism through which factor price distortion affects the technological content of exports.展开更多
This study investigates the nonlinear relationship between R&D expenditures,innovation,productivity,high-tech export products.Previous empirical research used linear standard structures to deal with these kinds of...This study investigates the nonlinear relationship between R&D expenditures,innovation,productivity,high-tech export products.Previous empirical research used linear standard structures to deal with these kinds of specifications,and it has shown that the linearity is frequently conditioned by other macroeconomic factors such as the level of development and the financial openness.Based on these arguments,our study investigates this question in econometric specification using panel smooth threshold regression methodology proposed by Gonzalez et al.in 2005.Our findings suggest that there is a threshold effect within the links between R&D expenditures,innovation,and productivity.The effect of R&D expenditures,innovation,productivity,and medium and high technology product exports is mixed.However,both positive and negative effects are found,depending on which innovation indicators are used or on which level of threshold variable is the most appropriate.The results advocate that the level of economic development can be considered as target indicators to conduct an innovation policy.展开更多
文摘In the next 15 years, world trade will maintain considerably high growth, and it is predicted that the annual growth rate of the world’s commodity trade will be 6％. It is expected that the total volume of the world’s commodity trade will reach US$5.6 trillion in the year 2000; and this figure will rise to US$10tillion in 2010. The development trend in commodity composition shows that the trade volume of manufactured goods continues to expand, the market for primary goods is declining, and mechano-electrical products, especially high-value technical products, will be the items with the highest predicted growth in
文摘(1) Cultivation for High Yields of Paddy Rice or Wheat The technology is used in less or fiee plowing for high-yield paddy rice or wheat with new strain seeds to simplify seedling cultivation, seed sowing, fertilizing, chemical weeding, and reaping mechanization. It can yeild 550-600 kg of paddy rice per mu or 400-500 kg of wheat per mu. It is a China state key project of scientific and technological development,
文摘Zhang Zhuying,45,is now chief engineer in No.1 Carbon Plant un-der the Guizhou Aluminum Smelter.Graduated from Central South University of Technology in 1969,shewas assigned to Anode Paste Workshop belong to No.2 Branch under Gui-
基金supported by the Key Project of the Hainan Province Marxist Theory Research and Development Program,titled“Research on the Opportunities and Challenges of the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement(DEPA)for the Construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port”(Grant Number:2023HNMGC02).
文摘This study utilizes panel data from 293 Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above,spanning from 2013 to 2022,to empirically examine the net effects and underlying mechanisms of establishing pilot free trade zones(FTZs)on integration into the digital global value chain(DGVC).The results demonstrate that the establishment of pilot FTZs positively promotes integration into the DGVC and generates a spatial spillover effect.Compared to coastal areas and small-and medium-sized cities,pilot FTZs have a more significant impact on the integration of inland regions and large cities into the DGVC.Mechanism tests reveal that pilot FTZs drive integration into the DGVC primarily by promoting digital industry agglomeration and enhancing the technological content of exports.Furthermore,bilateral foreign direct investment and digital trade rules positively amplify the impact of pilot FTZs on integration into the DGVC.Therefore,this study recommends comprehensively deepening the development of pilot FTZs,consistently enhancing the technological content of exports,and proactively establishing a sound digital trade regulatory framework.These recommendations offer valuable insights for DGVC integration and the construction of a high-standard free trade network.
基金supported by the youth program of the National Natural Sciences Fund “Effects of embeddedness in GVC on the performance of China local manufacturing”(Grant No.71203105)the youth program of the Cultural and Social Sciences Fund of the Ministry of Education(Grant No.12YJC790123)
文摘This paper develops a framework for the assessment of global value chain embeddedness based on the dual structure of product embeddedness and functional embeddedness and provides a theoretical demonstration of the dual effects of the level, structure and the value sources of global value chain embeddedness on export technology sophistication. From there, the paper carries out an estimation of non-competitive input- output table using quadratic optimized algorithm with differentiation between processing trade and general trade to arrive at various indicators of foreign value-added ratio that reflect the level of global value chain embeddedness. On this basis, the panel econometric model for 27 manufacturing sectors of China between 2001 and 2010 is employed to test the effect of foreign value-added ratio on the technology sophistication of manufacturing export. Our research indicates that by taking part in division of labor in the global value chain and acquiring foreign intermediate inputs, China＇s manufacturing sector has increased its export technology sophistication. It also indicates that, compared with such inputs as raw materials and parts and components, service input has great contributions to technology improvement. With the direct contributions of foreign value-added under control, the foreign value-added from developed countries has a restrictive effect on the R＆D activities of export manufacturing, which gives rise to the one-way technology reliance on dominant enterprises of the value chain and the ＂low-end lock-up＂ effect; meanwhile, the method of embeddedness that takes advantage of the foreign value-added of other countries is more dependent on the indigenous R＆D capacity of export enterprises and thus more favorable to the improvement of export technology sophistication.
基金Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP2024R87),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Standards for Low-Carbon Energy Portfolios(LC-EPS)mandate that a certain percentage of a region's electricity generation originate from zero-or low-emissions sources.From 1995Q1 through 2020Q4,the study used the ARDL-Bounds testing technique to estimate coefficient parameters,Granger causality to draw causal inferences,and variance decomposition analysis to anticipate the factors that will have the greatest impact on carbon emissions in the US economy.Nuclear power significantly impacts carbon emissions,as seen by an inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve,whereas long-term impact of innovation leads to lower emissions.On the other hand,exports of sophisticated technology reduce carbon emissions.Economic growth has a discernible effect on carbon emissions,nuclear power,innovation,and environmentally friendly financing.High-tech exports will likely impact carbon emissions most,followed by a demand for nuclear power,innovation,economic expansion,and sustainable finance for the next ten years.These results give policymakers helpful insight into how the US economy may reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change via renewable energy and green finance.
文摘Using panel data from 31 provinces in China,covering the period from 2003 to 2017,this article analyzes the threshold effect of factor price distortion on the technological content of exports.The results show that factor price distortion does not necessarily impede improvement in the quality of the technological content of exports.Instead,the adverse ejfect can be weakened when the value of per capita GDP is higher than RMB13,154 or the value of FDI goes beyond RMB480.9 billion.This is because a high regional economic development level alleviates the adverse effect of factor price distortion on the technological content of exports.Our results are robust when the dependent variable and sample years are changed.This article also addresses the endogeneity issue.We also consider the underlying mechanism through which factor price distortion affects the technological content of exports.
文摘This study investigates the nonlinear relationship between R&D expenditures,innovation,productivity,high-tech export products.Previous empirical research used linear standard structures to deal with these kinds of specifications,and it has shown that the linearity is frequently conditioned by other macroeconomic factors such as the level of development and the financial openness.Based on these arguments,our study investigates this question in econometric specification using panel smooth threshold regression methodology proposed by Gonzalez et al.in 2005.Our findings suggest that there is a threshold effect within the links between R&D expenditures,innovation,and productivity.The effect of R&D expenditures,innovation,productivity,and medium and high technology product exports is mixed.However,both positive and negative effects are found,depending on which innovation indicators are used or on which level of threshold variable is the most appropriate.The results advocate that the level of economic development can be considered as target indicators to conduct an innovation policy.
