New samples returned by China Chang’e-5(CE-5)mission offer an opportunity for studying the lunar geologic longevity,space weathering,and regolith evolution.The age determination of the CE-5 samples was among the firs...New samples returned by China Chang’e-5(CE-5)mission offer an opportunity for studying the lunar geologic longevity,space weathering,and regolith evolution.The age determination of the CE-5 samples was among the first scientific questions to be answered.However,the precious samples,most in the micrometer size range,challenge many traditional analyses on large single crystals of zircon developed for massive bulk samples.Here,we developed a non-destructive rapid screening of individual zirconium-containing particle for isotope geochronology based on a Micro X-ray fluorescence analysis(μXRF).The selected particles were verified via scanning electron microscopy(SEM),3D X-ray microscopy(XRM),and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM)techniques,which showed that zirconium-bearing minerals with several microns were precisely positioned and readily suitable for site-specific isotopic dating by second ion mass spectrometry(SIMS).Such protocol could be also appli-cable in non-destructively screening other types of particles for different scientific purposes.We there-fore proposed a correlative workflow for comprehensively studying the CE-5 lunar samples from single particles on nanometer to atomic scales.Linking various microscopic and spectromicroscopic instru-ments together,this workflow consists of six steps:(1)single-particle selection with non-destructive μXRF technique,(2)2D/3D morphological and structural characterization with a correlative submicron 3D XRM and nanoscale resolution FIB-SEM imaging methods,(3)SEM analysis of the surface morphology and chemistry of the selected particle,(4)a series of microscopic and microbeam analyses(e.g.,SEM,electron probe microanalysis,and SIMS)on the cross-section of the selected particle to obtain structural,mineralogical,chemical,and isotopic features from the micron to nanometer scale,(5)advanced 2D/3D characterization and site-specific sample preparation of thin foil/tip specimens on a microregion of inter-est in the selected particle with FIB-SEM technique,and(6)comprehensive analyses on the FIB-milled specimens at nanometer to atomic scale with synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray micro-scopy,analytic transmission electron microscopy,and atom probe tomography.Following this technical roadmap,one can integrate multiple modalities into a uniform frame of multimodal and multiscale cor-related datasets to acquire high-throughput information on the limited or precious terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples.展开更多
The technical roadmap and policies for CO_(2)mitigation suitable for China are a common center of attention in the fields of energy,environment,and management science in the country.Emphasizing interaction between tec...The technical roadmap and policies for CO_(2)mitigation suitable for China are a common center of attention in the fields of energy,environment,and management science in the country.Emphasizing interaction between technical research and policy research,this work discovers the potential breakthrough in the integrated field.The technical difficulties of recovering CO_(2)are pointed out,the mechanism of combining CO_(2)recovery with energy conversion is investigated,and the basic principle for integrating an environmental-friendly energy system is discussed.Moreover,the formulation of a new energy system that can recover CO_(2)with very low or even zero energy penalty is proposed,while the assessment methodology and model system for the technical roadmap of CO_(2)emission control are developed.Finally,a new technical roadmap constructing an energy network suitable for China is proposed,which may provide a new way for the development of sustainable energy and environment technologies.展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0702600)the Key Research program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-SSW-JSC007-13)+1 种基金the institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IGGCAS-202101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants no.41890843,41920104009)。
文摘New samples returned by China Chang’e-5(CE-5)mission offer an opportunity for studying the lunar geologic longevity,space weathering,and regolith evolution.The age determination of the CE-5 samples was among the first scientific questions to be answered.However,the precious samples,most in the micrometer size range,challenge many traditional analyses on large single crystals of zircon developed for massive bulk samples.Here,we developed a non-destructive rapid screening of individual zirconium-containing particle for isotope geochronology based on a Micro X-ray fluorescence analysis(μXRF).The selected particles were verified via scanning electron microscopy(SEM),3D X-ray microscopy(XRM),and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM)techniques,which showed that zirconium-bearing minerals with several microns were precisely positioned and readily suitable for site-specific isotopic dating by second ion mass spectrometry(SIMS).Such protocol could be also appli-cable in non-destructively screening other types of particles for different scientific purposes.We there-fore proposed a correlative workflow for comprehensively studying the CE-5 lunar samples from single particles on nanometer to atomic scales.Linking various microscopic and spectromicroscopic instru-ments together,this workflow consists of six steps:(1)single-particle selection with non-destructive μXRF technique,(2)2D/3D morphological and structural characterization with a correlative submicron 3D XRM and nanoscale resolution FIB-SEM imaging methods,(3)SEM analysis of the surface morphology and chemistry of the selected particle,(4)a series of microscopic and microbeam analyses(e.g.,SEM,electron probe microanalysis,and SIMS)on the cross-section of the selected particle to obtain structural,mineralogical,chemical,and isotopic features from the micron to nanometer scale,(5)advanced 2D/3D characterization and site-specific sample preparation of thin foil/tip specimens on a microregion of inter-est in the selected particle with FIB-SEM technique,and(6)comprehensive analyses on the FIB-milled specimens at nanometer to atomic scale with synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray micro-scopy,analytic transmission electron microscopy,and atom probe tomography.Following this technical roadmap,one can integrate multiple modalities into a uniform frame of multimodal and multiscale cor-related datasets to acquire high-throughput information on the limited or precious terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples.
基金the major international cooperation projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50520140517)
文摘The technical roadmap and policies for CO_(2)mitigation suitable for China are a common center of attention in the fields of energy,environment,and management science in the country.Emphasizing interaction between technical research and policy research,this work discovers the potential breakthrough in the integrated field.The technical difficulties of recovering CO_(2)are pointed out,the mechanism of combining CO_(2)recovery with energy conversion is investigated,and the basic principle for integrating an environmental-friendly energy system is discussed.Moreover,the formulation of a new energy system that can recover CO_(2)with very low or even zero energy penalty is proposed,while the assessment methodology and model system for the technical roadmap of CO_(2)emission control are developed.Finally,a new technical roadmap constructing an energy network suitable for China is proposed,which may provide a new way for the development of sustainable energy and environment technologies.
