Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are useful in dangerous and dynamic tasks such as search-and-rescue,forest surveillance,and anti-terrorist operations.These tasks can be solved better through the collaboration of multipl...Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are useful in dangerous and dynamic tasks such as search-and-rescue,forest surveillance,and anti-terrorist operations.These tasks can be solved better through the collaboration of multiple UAVs under human supervision.However,it is still difficult for human to monitor,understand,predict and control the behaviors of the UAVs due to the task complexity as well as the black-box machine learning and planning algorithms being used.In this paper,the coactive design method is adopted to analyze the cognitive capabilities required for the tasks and design the interdependencies among the heterogeneous teammates of UAVs or human for coherent collaboration.Then,an agent-based task planner is proposed to automatically decompose a complex task into a sequence of explainable subtasks under constrains of resources,execution time,social rules and costs.Besides,a deep reinforcement learning approach is designed for the UAVs to learn optimal policies of a flocking behavior and a path planner that are easy for the human operator to understand and control.Finally,a mixed-initiative action selection mechanism is used to evaluate the learned policies as well as the human’s decisions.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.展开更多
AIM: To understand how work climate and related factors influence teamwork and collaboration in a large medical center. METHODS: A survey of 3462 employees was conducted to generate responses to Sexton's Safety At...AIM: To understand how work climate and related factors influence teamwork and collaboration in a large medical center. METHODS: A survey of 3462 employees was conducted to generate responses to Sexton's Safety Attitudes Questionnaire(SAQ) to assess perceptions of work environment via a series of five-point, Likert-scaled questions. Path analysis was performed, using teamwork(TW) and collaboration(CO) as endogenous variables. The exogenous variables are effective communication(EC), safety culture(SC), job satisfaction(JS), work pressure(PR), and work climate(WC). The measure-ment instruments for the variables or summated subscales are presented. Reliability of each sub-scale are calculated. Alpha Cronbach coefficients are relatively strong: TW(0.81), CO(0.76), EC(0.70), SC(0.83), JS(0.91), WP(0.85), and WC(0.78). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed for each of these constructs. RESULTS: Path analysis enables to identify statistically significant predictors of two endogenous variables, teamwork and intra-organizational collaboration. Significant amounts of variance in perceived teamwork(R2 = 0.59) and in collaboration(R2 = 0.75) are accounted for by the predictor variables. In the initial model, safety culture is the most important predictor of perceived teamwork, with a β weight of 0.51, and work climate is the most significant predictor of collaboration, with a β weight of 0.84. After eliminating statistically insignificant causal paths and allowing correlated predictors1, the revised model shows that work climate is the only predictor positively influencing both teamwork(β = 0.26) and collaboration(β = 0.88). A relatively weak positive(β = 0.14) but statistically significant relationship exists between teamwork and collaboration when the effects of other predictors are simultaneously controlled.CONCLUSION: Hospital executives who are interested in improving collaboration should assess the work climate to ensure that employees are operating in a setting conducive to intra-organizational collaboration.展开更多
Burnout is an important issue which has attracted the attention of physicians and health practitioners. Several studies have reported the negative effect of physician burnout and the adverse effect it has on the indiv...Burnout is an important issue which has attracted the attention of physicians and health practitioners. Several studies have reported the negative effect of physician burnout and the adverse effect it has on the individual and health institutions. This study therefore examined the moderating effect of perceived organizational support on the relationship between teamwork and physician burnout in the Chinese context. Using a survey data consisting of a sample of physicians from hospitals within the Jiangsu Province of China, we estimated three models in a hierarchical framework and identified that in the presence of respondent’s demographic characteristics as control variables, perceived organizational support, play a very vital role in improving teamwork while reducing burnout among physicians.展开更多
Teaching practice has come to be recognized as one of the most important aspects of teacher education program for learner teachers. Besides student teachers' self-endeavor, partnership between school and universit...Teaching practice has come to be recognized as one of the most important aspects of teacher education program for learner teachers. Besides student teachers' self-endeavor, partnership between school and university, guidance of cooperating teachers and supervisors, team work is also important to a successful teaching practicum from three aspects: plan of practice team,collaboration in practice team and communication in practice team.展开更多
Background:The effective delivery of nursing care is crucial in hospital settings because it directly affects patient outcomes.However,nursing care can be missed because of various factors,including inadequate teamwor...Background:The effective delivery of nursing care is crucial in hospital settings because it directly affects patient outcomes.However,nursing care can be missed because of various factors,including inadequate teamwork among nursing staff.Understanding the interplay between missed nursing care and nursing teamwork is essential for enhancing care quality in inpatient settings.This study therefore explored the relationship between missed nursing care and nursing teamwork among registered nurses in hospital inpatient units.Methods:A descriptive,correlational,cross-sectional study was conducted,involving 375 registered nurses from four hospitals in three healthcare sectors in Jordan.Missed nursing care and nursing teamwork were measured using the Missed Nursing Care Survey and the Nursing Teamwork Survey.Data collection occurred between September and October 2024,with con-venience sampling used for participant recruitment.Descriptive and inferential statistics,including mean,standard deviation,percentage,frequency,and Pearson's r correlation coefficient,were used to analyze the data.Results:The overall average missed nursing care score was 2.35 out of 5,suggesting that nursing care is rarely missed.The most frequently missed care activities reported by registered nurses included attending interdisciplinary care conferences,providing mouth care,and ambulating patients three times daily or as ordered.Activities least often missed included medi-cation administration within 30 min of the scheduled time,assessing vital signs as ordered,and performing patient assessments each shift.The overall mean score for nursing teamwork was 3.5 out of 5(standard deviation=1.06).There was a moderate but significant negative correlation between missed nursing care and nursing teamwork(r=−0.310,p<0.001).Conclusions:The results underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to enhance resource allocation and teamwork,ultimately reducing missed nursing care and improving patient outcomes.Addressing these areas will foster a more effective healthcare system and enable nursing professionals to consistently deliver high-quality care.展开更多
On April 18,1942,in direct response to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,the United States launched the Doolttle Raid mission.Led by Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle,80 airmen took to the skies in B-25 bombers to ...On April 18,1942,in direct response to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,the United States launched the Doolttle Raid mission.Led by Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle,80 airmen took to the skies in B-25 bombers to strike Tokyo and other key Japanese cities.However,due to unforeseen circumstances,the crews failed to land at Quzhou Airport in the eastern Chinese province of Zhejiang as planned after they ran out of fuel.展开更多
Although in the face of geopolitical and other uncertain factors,China's whole-vehicle export in 2025 remains fairly optimistic,in the short term,there are more opportunities in Africa and Southeast Asia markets.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61906203,61876187)the National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on UAV,Northwestern Polytechnical University,China(No.614230110080817)。
文摘Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are useful in dangerous and dynamic tasks such as search-and-rescue,forest surveillance,and anti-terrorist operations.These tasks can be solved better through the collaboration of multiple UAVs under human supervision.However,it is still difficult for human to monitor,understand,predict and control the behaviors of the UAVs due to the task complexity as well as the black-box machine learning and planning algorithms being used.In this paper,the coactive design method is adopted to analyze the cognitive capabilities required for the tasks and design the interdependencies among the heterogeneous teammates of UAVs or human for coherent collaboration.Then,an agent-based task planner is proposed to automatically decompose a complex task into a sequence of explainable subtasks under constrains of resources,execution time,social rules and costs.Besides,a deep reinforcement learning approach is designed for the UAVs to learn optimal policies of a flocking behavior and a path planner that are easy for the human operator to understand and control.Finally,a mixed-initiative action selection mechanism is used to evaluate the learned policies as well as the human’s decisions.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
基金Supported by the Taipei Veterans General Hospital
文摘AIM: To understand how work climate and related factors influence teamwork and collaboration in a large medical center. METHODS: A survey of 3462 employees was conducted to generate responses to Sexton's Safety Attitudes Questionnaire(SAQ) to assess perceptions of work environment via a series of five-point, Likert-scaled questions. Path analysis was performed, using teamwork(TW) and collaboration(CO) as endogenous variables. The exogenous variables are effective communication(EC), safety culture(SC), job satisfaction(JS), work pressure(PR), and work climate(WC). The measure-ment instruments for the variables or summated subscales are presented. Reliability of each sub-scale are calculated. Alpha Cronbach coefficients are relatively strong: TW(0.81), CO(0.76), EC(0.70), SC(0.83), JS(0.91), WP(0.85), and WC(0.78). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed for each of these constructs. RESULTS: Path analysis enables to identify statistically significant predictors of two endogenous variables, teamwork and intra-organizational collaboration. Significant amounts of variance in perceived teamwork(R2 = 0.59) and in collaboration(R2 = 0.75) are accounted for by the predictor variables. In the initial model, safety culture is the most important predictor of perceived teamwork, with a β weight of 0.51, and work climate is the most significant predictor of collaboration, with a β weight of 0.84. After eliminating statistically insignificant causal paths and allowing correlated predictors1, the revised model shows that work climate is the only predictor positively influencing both teamwork(β = 0.26) and collaboration(β = 0.88). A relatively weak positive(β = 0.14) but statistically significant relationship exists between teamwork and collaboration when the effects of other predictors are simultaneously controlled.CONCLUSION: Hospital executives who are interested in improving collaboration should assess the work climate to ensure that employees are operating in a setting conducive to intra-organizational collaboration.
文摘Burnout is an important issue which has attracted the attention of physicians and health practitioners. Several studies have reported the negative effect of physician burnout and the adverse effect it has on the individual and health institutions. This study therefore examined the moderating effect of perceived organizational support on the relationship between teamwork and physician burnout in the Chinese context. Using a survey data consisting of a sample of physicians from hospitals within the Jiangsu Province of China, we estimated three models in a hierarchical framework and identified that in the presence of respondent’s demographic characteristics as control variables, perceived organizational support, play a very vital role in improving teamwork while reducing burnout among physicians.
文摘Teaching practice has come to be recognized as one of the most important aspects of teacher education program for learner teachers. Besides student teachers' self-endeavor, partnership between school and university, guidance of cooperating teachers and supervisors, team work is also important to a successful teaching practicum from three aspects: plan of practice team,collaboration in practice team and communication in practice team.
文摘Background:The effective delivery of nursing care is crucial in hospital settings because it directly affects patient outcomes.However,nursing care can be missed because of various factors,including inadequate teamwork among nursing staff.Understanding the interplay between missed nursing care and nursing teamwork is essential for enhancing care quality in inpatient settings.This study therefore explored the relationship between missed nursing care and nursing teamwork among registered nurses in hospital inpatient units.Methods:A descriptive,correlational,cross-sectional study was conducted,involving 375 registered nurses from four hospitals in three healthcare sectors in Jordan.Missed nursing care and nursing teamwork were measured using the Missed Nursing Care Survey and the Nursing Teamwork Survey.Data collection occurred between September and October 2024,with con-venience sampling used for participant recruitment.Descriptive and inferential statistics,including mean,standard deviation,percentage,frequency,and Pearson's r correlation coefficient,were used to analyze the data.Results:The overall average missed nursing care score was 2.35 out of 5,suggesting that nursing care is rarely missed.The most frequently missed care activities reported by registered nurses included attending interdisciplinary care conferences,providing mouth care,and ambulating patients three times daily or as ordered.Activities least often missed included medi-cation administration within 30 min of the scheduled time,assessing vital signs as ordered,and performing patient assessments each shift.The overall mean score for nursing teamwork was 3.5 out of 5(standard deviation=1.06).There was a moderate but significant negative correlation between missed nursing care and nursing teamwork(r=−0.310,p<0.001).Conclusions:The results underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to enhance resource allocation and teamwork,ultimately reducing missed nursing care and improving patient outcomes.Addressing these areas will foster a more effective healthcare system and enable nursing professionals to consistently deliver high-quality care.
文摘On April 18,1942,in direct response to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,the United States launched the Doolttle Raid mission.Led by Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle,80 airmen took to the skies in B-25 bombers to strike Tokyo and other key Japanese cities.However,due to unforeseen circumstances,the crews failed to land at Quzhou Airport in the eastern Chinese province of Zhejiang as planned after they ran out of fuel.
文摘Although in the face of geopolitical and other uncertain factors,China's whole-vehicle export in 2025 remains fairly optimistic,in the short term,there are more opportunities in Africa and Southeast Asia markets.
