An occasional presence of bivalent stimuli in a block of univalent trials can elicit a slowing of the response on all subsequent univalent trials.This type of modulation of cognitive control is termed the bivalency ef...An occasional presence of bivalent stimuli in a block of univalent trials can elicit a slowing of the response on all subsequent univalent trials.This type of modulation of cognitive control is termed the bivalency effect.To explore whether this modulation is task specific,this study used a triplet task switching paradigm,with three following tasks that were presented concussively:a shape color judgment(red vs.blue),a number parity judgment(odd vs.even),and a letter case judgment(lowercase vs.upper-case).The event-related potential(ERP)results showed that(1)the bivalency effect was reflected by the decreased amplitude of N2 and P3a over the frontal region for both the color and letter tasks;(2)the bivalency effect occurred earlier for the color task compared with that for the letter task;(3)for the number parity task,the bivalency effect was observed in the increased N1 and the decreased P2p over the parietal region.These findings indicate that the modulation of cognitive control is task-specific after the presentation of bivalent stimuli in task switching.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONType 2 diabetes （T2D） is one of the fastest growing medical conditions associated with cognitive dysfunctions. Less attention is paid to the effects of diabetes on task switching （TS）. Switching betwee...INTRODUCTIONType 2 diabetes （T2D） is one of the fastest growing medical conditions associated with cognitive dysfunctions. Less attention is paid to the effects of diabetes on task switching （TS）. Switching between tasks is a higher-order cognitive function which is executed through prefrontal cortex. Given that there are brain structural abnormalities （i.e., atrophy in cortical/subcortical gray matter volume and hyperintensities in cerebral white matter）, reduced connectivity between hippocampus and adjacent brain regions （frontal and temporal gyri）,展开更多
The spatial-numerical association of response codes(SNARC)effect,in which people respond to small numbers faster with the left hand and to large numbers faster with the right hand,is a popular topic in cognitive psych...The spatial-numerical association of response codes(SNARC)effect,in which people respond to small numbers faster with the left hand and to large numbers faster with the right hand,is a popular topic in cognitive psychology.Some well-known theoretical accounts explaining this effect include the mental number line model,polarity correspondence principle,dual-route model,and working memory account.However,these fail to explain the finding that the size of the SNARC effect is modulated by cognitive control.Here,we propose a new account—a cognitive control-based view of the SNARC effect.This view argues that the SNARC effect is fundamentally determined by cognitive control in resolving conflicts during stimulus–response mapping.Several subcomponents of cognitive control,such as working memory,mental or task set shifting,inhibition control,and conflict adaptation,can easily modulate the SNARC effect.The cognitive control-based view can account for the flexible SNARC effect observed in diverse task situations while providing new insight into its mechanism.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32360201,31860278 and 31760285).
文摘An occasional presence of bivalent stimuli in a block of univalent trials can elicit a slowing of the response on all subsequent univalent trials.This type of modulation of cognitive control is termed the bivalency effect.To explore whether this modulation is task specific,this study used a triplet task switching paradigm,with three following tasks that were presented concussively:a shape color judgment(red vs.blue),a number parity judgment(odd vs.even),and a letter case judgment(lowercase vs.upper-case).The event-related potential(ERP)results showed that(1)the bivalency effect was reflected by the decreased amplitude of N2 and P3a over the frontal region for both the color and letter tasks;(2)the bivalency effect occurred earlier for the color task compared with that for the letter task;(3)for the number parity task,the bivalency effect was observed in the increased N1 and the decreased P2p over the parietal region.These findings indicate that the modulation of cognitive control is task-specific after the presentation of bivalent stimuli in task switching.
文摘INTRODUCTIONType 2 diabetes （T2D） is one of the fastest growing medical conditions associated with cognitive dysfunctions. Less attention is paid to the effects of diabetes on task switching （TS）. Switching between tasks is a higher-order cognitive function which is executed through prefrontal cortex. Given that there are brain structural abnormalities （i.e., atrophy in cortical/subcortical gray matter volume and hyperintensities in cerebral white matter）, reduced connectivity between hippocampus and adjacent brain regions （frontal and temporal gyri）,
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:31760285,31860278。
文摘The spatial-numerical association of response codes(SNARC)effect,in which people respond to small numbers faster with the left hand and to large numbers faster with the right hand,is a popular topic in cognitive psychology.Some well-known theoretical accounts explaining this effect include the mental number line model,polarity correspondence principle,dual-route model,and working memory account.However,these fail to explain the finding that the size of the SNARC effect is modulated by cognitive control.Here,we propose a new account—a cognitive control-based view of the SNARC effect.This view argues that the SNARC effect is fundamentally determined by cognitive control in resolving conflicts during stimulus–response mapping.Several subcomponents of cognitive control,such as working memory,mental or task set shifting,inhibition control,and conflict adaptation,can easily modulate the SNARC effect.The cognitive control-based view can account for the flexible SNARC effect observed in diverse task situations while providing new insight into its mechanism.
