The scientific monitoring and reliable telecommunications(SMART)initiative,led by a joint task force including ITU,aims to integrate electronic sensors into undersea telecommunications cables for real-time and high-se...The scientific monitoring and reliable telecommunications(SMART)initiative,led by a joint task force including ITU,aims to integrate electronic sensors into undersea telecommunications cables for real-time and high-sensitivity subsea monitoring.The current integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)solution to the SMART application still relies on wavelength band multiplexing of sensing information via Ethernet switches,leading to optical communication bandwidth waste.To achieve the dense and low-interference ISAC for SMART network applications,we demonstrate the co-transmissions of coherent optical digital subcarrier modulation(DSCM)communication signals and temperature sensing information in the SMART system.Besides the co-transmission capability,the special design of the sensing transmission format is made to enable the compatible DSP with DSCM communications,which shares the same wavelength channel.Moreover,due to the different physical locations of the in-line sensing joints to the communication transceivers in the SMART system,it is hard to align the wavelength of the communication laser and the sensing one,which cannot ensure the precise allocation of sensing information into the frequency blanks of DSCM communication signals.To deal with these two issues,the sensing information at inline joints is proposed to be modulated in the manner of optical single-sideband(SSB)modulation and frequency modulation(FM),and then the precise allocation into the frequency blanks of DSCM communication signals can be realized,along with the full compatibility to demodulate the sensed temperature using the traditional frequency offset estimation in coherent DSP.Experiments on a two-span repeatered single-mode fiber link validate the integration of 20 GBaud optical DP-QAM16 transmissions and real-time temperature sensing at a sensing joint.Advanced communications are enabled by implementing space-time coding on DSCM communication signals,with 0.2 dB Q factor improvement.As for the sensing functionality,the temperature sensing resolution at 0.0625°C,which reaches the limitation of the employed electronic thermometer DS18B20,has been obtained by using the communication-compatible DSP.We believe the proposed ISAC scheme along with the corresponding DSP flowchart makes sense for monitoring the subsea via the advanced SMART cables.展开更多
Fighting financial crime is a highly institutionalised global governance task.At a time of crisis for many of the institutions of global governance,tackling money laundering and combatting terrorist financing through ...Fighting financial crime is a highly institutionalised global governance task.At a time of crisis for many of the institutions of global governance,tackling money laundering and combatting terrorist financing through global cooperation continues to be a priority for public officials.The global regime,if anything,is intensifying.This essay provides an overview of the regime’s development and addresses questions of design and implementation.It is structured around three sets of questions:(1)What does the regime look like and what is it for?(2)Who does the work?(3)And,in conclusion,what can we say about winners and losers?展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62475178)Yangtze River Delta Region Integration Project(2024CSJGG2600).
文摘The scientific monitoring and reliable telecommunications(SMART)initiative,led by a joint task force including ITU,aims to integrate electronic sensors into undersea telecommunications cables for real-time and high-sensitivity subsea monitoring.The current integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)solution to the SMART application still relies on wavelength band multiplexing of sensing information via Ethernet switches,leading to optical communication bandwidth waste.To achieve the dense and low-interference ISAC for SMART network applications,we demonstrate the co-transmissions of coherent optical digital subcarrier modulation(DSCM)communication signals and temperature sensing information in the SMART system.Besides the co-transmission capability,the special design of the sensing transmission format is made to enable the compatible DSP with DSCM communications,which shares the same wavelength channel.Moreover,due to the different physical locations of the in-line sensing joints to the communication transceivers in the SMART system,it is hard to align the wavelength of the communication laser and the sensing one,which cannot ensure the precise allocation of sensing information into the frequency blanks of DSCM communication signals.To deal with these two issues,the sensing information at inline joints is proposed to be modulated in the manner of optical single-sideband(SSB)modulation and frequency modulation(FM),and then the precise allocation into the frequency blanks of DSCM communication signals can be realized,along with the full compatibility to demodulate the sensed temperature using the traditional frequency offset estimation in coherent DSP.Experiments on a two-span repeatered single-mode fiber link validate the integration of 20 GBaud optical DP-QAM16 transmissions and real-time temperature sensing at a sensing joint.Advanced communications are enabled by implementing space-time coding on DSCM communication signals,with 0.2 dB Q factor improvement.As for the sensing functionality,the temperature sensing resolution at 0.0625°C,which reaches the limitation of the employed electronic thermometer DS18B20,has been obtained by using the communication-compatible DSP.We believe the proposed ISAC scheme along with the corresponding DSP flowchart makes sense for monitoring the subsea via the advanced SMART cables.
文摘Fighting financial crime is a highly institutionalised global governance task.At a time of crisis for many of the institutions of global governance,tackling money laundering and combatting terrorist financing through global cooperation continues to be a priority for public officials.The global regime,if anything,is intensifying.This essay provides an overview of the regime’s development and addresses questions of design and implementation.It is structured around three sets of questions:(1)What does the regime look like and what is it for?(2)Who does the work?(3)And,in conclusion,what can we say about winners and losers?
