Ti-doped graphite-like carbon （Ti-GLC） films were synthesized successfully by magnetron sputtering technique. The compositions, microstructures and properties of the Ti-doped GLC films dependent on the parameter of ...Ti-doped graphite-like carbon （Ti-GLC） films were synthesized successfully by magnetron sputtering technique. The compositions, microstructures and properties of the Ti-doped GLC films dependent on the parameter of Ti target current were systemically investigated by Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, atomic force microscopy （AFM）, nanoindentation and ball-on-disk tribometer. With the increase of the Ti target current, the ratio of sp2 bond and the content of Ti as well as the film hardness and compressive internal stress increase, but the high content of the Ti would result in the loose film due to the formation of the squamose structure. Less incorporated Ti reduces the friction of the GLC film in dry-sliding condition, while pure GLC film exhibits the lowest friction coefficient in water-lubricated condition. Ti-GLC film deposited with low Ti target current shows high wear resistance in both dry-sliding and water-lubricated conditions.展开更多
The basic"current"statistical model and adaptive Kalman filter algorithm can not track a weakly maneuvering target precisely,though it has good estimate accuracy for strongly maneuvering target.In order to s...The basic"current"statistical model and adaptive Kalman filter algorithm can not track a weakly maneuvering target precisely,though it has good estimate accuracy for strongly maneuvering target.In order to solve this problem,a novel nonlinear fuzzy membership function was presented to adjust the upper and lower limit of target acceleration adaptively,and then the validity of the new algorithm for feeblish maneuvering target was proved in theory.At last,the computer simulation experiments indicated that the new algorithm has a great advantage over the basic"current"statistical model and adaptive algorithm.展开更多
The effect of ion current density of argon plasma on target sputtering in magnetron sputtering process was investigated. Using home-made ion probe with computer-based data acquisition system, the ion current density a...The effect of ion current density of argon plasma on target sputtering in magnetron sputtering process was investigated. Using home-made ion probe with computer-based data acquisition system, the ion current density as functions of discharge power, gas pressure and positions was measured. A double-hump shape was found in ion current density curve after the analysis of the effects of power and pressure. The data demonstrate that ion current density increases with the increase in gas pressure in spite of slightly at the double-hump site, sharply at wave-trough and side positions. Simultaneously, the ion current density increases upon increase in power. Es- pecially, the ion current density steeply increases at the double-hump site. The highest energy of the secondary electrons arising from Larmor precession was found at the double-hump position, which results in high ion density. The target was etched seriously at the double-hump position due to the high ion density there. The data indicates that the increase in power can lead to a high sputtering speed rate.展开更多
Low valence vanadium oxide(VO2-x) thin films were prepared on SiO2/Si substrates at room temperature by direct current facing targets reactive magnetron sputtering, and then proc- essed through rapid thermal annealing...Low valence vanadium oxide(VO2-x) thin films were prepared on SiO2/Si substrates at room temperature by direct current facing targets reactive magnetron sputtering, and then proc- essed through rapid thermal annealing. The effects of the annealing on the structure and phase transition property of VO2 were discussed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction tech- nique and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to study the phase composition and structure of the thin films. The resistance-temperature property was measured. The results show that VO2 thin film is obtained after annealed at 320 ℃ for 3 h, its phase transition tempera- ture is 56 ℃, and the resistance changes by more than 2 orders. The vanadium oxide thin films are applicable in thermochromic smart windows, and the deposition and annealing process is compatible with micro electromechanical system process.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury（TBI）triggers liver inflammation：TBI is a serious pathology affecting around 10 million people annually,being a persistent public health and medical problem Forceful impact while playing sport...Traumatic brain injury（TBI）triggers liver inflammation：TBI is a serious pathology affecting around 10 million people annually,being a persistent public health and medical problem Forceful impact while playing sports,falls,physical assault,or traffic accidents are common causes of head injury.展开更多
文中提出基于当前统计模型的鲁棒转换测量卡尔曼滤波算法(robust converted measurement Kalman filter based on current statistical,RCMKF_CS).通过跟踪门限分析,从理论上证明所提方法相较于HCMKF_CS更易解决量测含有闪烁噪声的水面...文中提出基于当前统计模型的鲁棒转换测量卡尔曼滤波算法(robust converted measurement Kalman filter based on current statistical,RCMKF_CS).通过跟踪门限分析,从理论上证明所提方法相较于HCMKF_CS更易解决量测含有闪烁噪声的水面机动目标跟踪问题.结果表明:在量测含有闪烁噪声时,该方法优于HCMKF_CS.并且,所提算法的计算花费少于HCMKF_CS.展开更多
Interacting multiple models is the hotspot in the research of maneuvering target models at present. A hierarchical idea is introduced into IMM algorithm. The method is that the whole models are organized as two levels...Interacting multiple models is the hotspot in the research of maneuvering target models at present. A hierarchical idea is introduced into IMM algorithm. The method is that the whole models are organized as two levels to co-work, and each cell model is an improved ＂current＂ statistical model. In the improved model, a kind of nonlinear fuzzy membership function is presented to get over the limitation of original model, which can not track weak maneuvering target precisely. At last, simulation experiments prove the efficient of the novel algorithm compared to interacting multiple model and hierarchical interacting multiple model based original ＂current＂ statistical model in tracking precision.展开更多
Current statistical model(CSM) has a good performance in maneuvering target tracking. However, the fixed maneuvering frequency will deteriorate the tracking results, such as a serious dynamic delay, a slowly convergin...Current statistical model(CSM) has a good performance in maneuvering target tracking. However, the fixed maneuvering frequency will deteriorate the tracking results, such as a serious dynamic delay, a slowly converging speedy and a limited precision when using Kalman filter(KF) algorithm. In this study, a new current statistical model and a new Kalman filter are proposed to improve the performance of maneuvering target tracking. The new model which employs innovation dominated subjection function to adaptively adjust maneuvering frequency has a better performance in step maneuvering target tracking, while a fluctuant phenomenon appears. As far as this problem is concerned, a new adaptive fading Kalman filter is proposed as well. In the new Kalman filter, the prediction values are amended in time by setting judgment and amendment rules,so that tracking precision and fluctuant phenomenon of the new current statistical model are improved. The results of simulation indicate the effectiveness of the new algorithm and the practical guiding significance.展开更多
基金Project (50905178) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2011CB706603) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Ti-doped graphite-like carbon （Ti-GLC） films were synthesized successfully by magnetron sputtering technique. The compositions, microstructures and properties of the Ti-doped GLC films dependent on the parameter of Ti target current were systemically investigated by Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, atomic force microscopy （AFM）, nanoindentation and ball-on-disk tribometer. With the increase of the Ti target current, the ratio of sp2 bond and the content of Ti as well as the film hardness and compressive internal stress increase, but the high content of the Ti would result in the loose film due to the formation of the squamose structure. Less incorporated Ti reduces the friction of the GLC film in dry-sliding condition, while pure GLC film exhibits the lowest friction coefficient in water-lubricated condition. Ti-GLC film deposited with low Ti target current shows high wear resistance in both dry-sliding and water-lubricated conditions.
文摘The basic"current"statistical model and adaptive Kalman filter algorithm can not track a weakly maneuvering target precisely,though it has good estimate accuracy for strongly maneuvering target.In order to solve this problem,a novel nonlinear fuzzy membership function was presented to adjust the upper and lower limit of target acceleration adaptively,and then the validity of the new algorithm for feeblish maneuvering target was proved in theory.At last,the computer simulation experiments indicated that the new algorithm has a great advantage over the basic"current"statistical model and adaptive algorithm.
文摘The effect of ion current density of argon plasma on target sputtering in magnetron sputtering process was investigated. Using home-made ion probe with computer-based data acquisition system, the ion current density as functions of discharge power, gas pressure and positions was measured. A double-hump shape was found in ion current density curve after the analysis of the effects of power and pressure. The data demonstrate that ion current density increases with the increase in gas pressure in spite of slightly at the double-hump site, sharply at wave-trough and side positions. Simultaneously, the ion current density increases upon increase in power. Es- pecially, the ion current density steeply increases at the double-hump site. The highest energy of the secondary electrons arising from Larmor precession was found at the double-hump position, which results in high ion density. The target was etched seriously at the double-hump position due to the high ion density there. The data indicates that the increase in power can lead to a high sputtering speed rate.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.043100811)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.08JCZDJC17500)
文摘Low valence vanadium oxide(VO2-x) thin films were prepared on SiO2/Si substrates at room temperature by direct current facing targets reactive magnetron sputtering, and then proc- essed through rapid thermal annealing. The effects of the annealing on the structure and phase transition property of VO2 were discussed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction tech- nique and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to study the phase composition and structure of the thin films. The resistance-temperature property was measured. The results show that VO2 thin film is obtained after annealed at 320 ℃ for 3 h, its phase transition tempera- ture is 56 ℃, and the resistance changes by more than 2 orders. The vanadium oxide thin films are applicable in thermochromic smart windows, and the deposition and annealing process is compatible with micro electromechanical system process.
文摘Traumatic brain injury（TBI）triggers liver inflammation：TBI is a serious pathology affecting around 10 million people annually,being a persistent public health and medical problem Forceful impact while playing sports,falls,physical assault,or traffic accidents are common causes of head injury.
文摘文中提出基于当前统计模型的鲁棒转换测量卡尔曼滤波算法(robust converted measurement Kalman filter based on current statistical,RCMKF_CS).通过跟踪门限分析,从理论上证明所提方法相较于HCMKF_CS更易解决量测含有闪烁噪声的水面机动目标跟踪问题.结果表明:在量测含有闪烁噪声时,该方法优于HCMKF_CS.并且,所提算法的计算花费少于HCMKF_CS.
文摘Interacting multiple models is the hotspot in the research of maneuvering target models at present. A hierarchical idea is introduced into IMM algorithm. The method is that the whole models are organized as two levels to co-work, and each cell model is an improved ＂current＂ statistical model. In the improved model, a kind of nonlinear fuzzy membership function is presented to get over the limitation of original model, which can not track weak maneuvering target precisely. At last, simulation experiments prove the efficient of the novel algorithm compared to interacting multiple model and hierarchical interacting multiple model based original ＂current＂ statistical model in tracking precision.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation Research Project of Shanxi Science and Technology Department(2016JM1032)
文摘Current statistical model(CSM) has a good performance in maneuvering target tracking. However, the fixed maneuvering frequency will deteriorate the tracking results, such as a serious dynamic delay, a slowly converging speedy and a limited precision when using Kalman filter(KF) algorithm. In this study, a new current statistical model and a new Kalman filter are proposed to improve the performance of maneuvering target tracking. The new model which employs innovation dominated subjection function to adaptively adjust maneuvering frequency has a better performance in step maneuvering target tracking, while a fluctuant phenomenon appears. As far as this problem is concerned, a new adaptive fading Kalman filter is proposed as well. In the new Kalman filter, the prediction values are amended in time by setting judgment and amendment rules,so that tracking precision and fluctuant phenomenon of the new current statistical model are improved. The results of simulation indicate the effectiveness of the new algorithm and the practical guiding significance.
