Gasification is a highly effective technology for converting biomass into fuel gas or syngas.While various gas-ifiers have been commercialized for fuel gas production,mitigating tar formation in gasifiers remains chal...Gasification is a highly effective technology for converting biomass into fuel gas or syngas.While various gas-ifiers have been commercialized for fuel gas production,mitigating tar formation in gasifiers remains chal-lenging.This review is devoted to summarizing the general strategies adopted in various gasifiers to reduce tar formation for high-efficiency clean gasification.For single-bed and staged-gasification processes,their low-tar strategies are typically different.In the single-bed processes,the low-tar strategies involve in-bed intensifica-tion achieved by controlling flow directions of gas and particles inside the gasifier.During the gasification,these two components often have different temperatures to facilitate thermochemical interactions between them.Meanwhile,the two-stage gasifiers are generally designed to decouple pyrolysis,gasification and tar cracking reactions for maximizing the benefits(such as yield and efficiency)realized from the interactions among these reactions.In addition to minimizing tar formation,the approach of reaction decoupling can also raise the calorific value of product gas,even without use of oxygen,and/or improve the adaptability of gasification technology to the feedstocks with various moisture contents and particle sizes.The reanalysis based on those essential low-tar strategies is expected to gain alternative insights into the reaction principles implicated in most advanced biomass gasification technologies.展开更多
Carbon materials are widely recognized as highly promising electrode materials for various energy storage system applications.Coal tar residues(CTR),as a type of carbon-rich solid waste with high value-added utilizati...Carbon materials are widely recognized as highly promising electrode materials for various energy storage system applications.Coal tar residues(CTR),as a type of carbon-rich solid waste with high value-added utilization,are crucially important for the development of a more sustainable world.In this study,we employed a straightforward direct carbonization method within the temperature range of 700-1000℃to convert the worthless solid waste CTR into economically valuable carbon materials as anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The effect of carbonization temperature on the microstructure and the potassium ions storage properties of CTR-derived carbons(CTRCs)were systematically explored by structural and morphological characterization,alongside electrochemical performances assessment.Based on the co-regulation between the turbine layers,crystal structure,pore structure,functional groups,and electrical conductivity of CTR-derived carbon carbonized at 900℃(CTRC-900H),the electrode material with high reversible capacity of 265.6m Ah·g^(-1)at 50 m A·g^(-1),a desirable cycling stability with 93.8%capacity retention even after 100 cycles,and the remarkable rate performance for PIBs were obtained.Furthermore,cyclic voltammetry(CV)at different scan rates and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)have been employed to explore the potassium ions storage mechanism and electrochemical kinetics of CTRCs.Results indicate that the electrode behavior is predominantly governed by surface-induced capacitive processes,particularly under high current densities,with the potassium storage mechanism characterized by an“adsorption-weak intercalation”mechanism.This work highlights the potential of CTR-based carbon as a promising electrode material category suitable for high-performance PIBs electrodes,while also provides valuable insights into the new avenues for the high value-added utilization of CTR.展开更多
Reducing the amount of aluminum chloride needed for the catalytic preparation of high quality mesophase and carbon materials is important and we have found that using terephthalic acid(PTA)as a co-catalyst serves this...Reducing the amount of aluminum chloride needed for the catalytic preparation of high quality mesophase and carbon materials is important and we have found that using terephthalic acid(PTA)as a co-catalyst serves this purpose.By adding 3%(mass fraction)AlCl_(3)and 0.9%(mass fraction)PTA to the coal tar pitch,approximately 90%mesophase was synthesized.The product(M-3-0.9)had a high stacking order(L_(c)=3.1 nm,n=10.14)and aromaticity(0.942).By adding PTA,a larger anisotropy content was produced using a smaller amount of AlCl_(3).The PTA participated in the polycondensation reaction through its own benzene ring structure to increase the catalytic activity.However,when its content was higher than 1.5%,the number of oxygen-containing groups in the product increased which was unfavorable for the aromatic lamellar stacking and gave rise to more isotropic structures.The work opens up a new way to prepare mesophase by a catalytic method.展开更多
The thermal conversion process known as biomass gasification has the potential to produce environmentally friendly fuels such as hydrogen.However,tar generation during the gasification remains an issue,affecting opera...The thermal conversion process known as biomass gasification has the potential to produce environmentally friendly fuels such as hydrogen.However,tar generation during the gasification remains an issue,affecting operational efficiency and environmental health.Biochar has been confirmed as an inexpensive and efficient catalyst for tar removal.The challenge lies in creating a highly reactive biochar which can be applied for different types of biomass with varying properties.This review discusses the factors that affect biochar’s reactivity as a catalyst for tar reforming.Additionally,incorporating biochar into a gasification scenario with raw biomass offers a practical solution by leveraging the synergistic behavior.However,this synergy could be either positive or negative:the positive synergy enhances tar removal while the negative synergy has the opposite effect.The numerous factors affecting the results of gasification are presented in this review.It is concluded that the positive synergistic effect resulted from the balance between the available reactants from biomass and biochar,the optimal gas flowrate and the active sites on the carbon surface.Understanding these interactions is crucial for optimizing biochar performance for tar removal.Ultimately,this research provides insights into biochar’s role in biomass gasification and suggests improvements for future studies to enhance the feasibility of biomass gasification with the assistance of biochar.展开更多
The regulation of catalytic pyrolysis products of coal tar(CT)is a great challenge due to its complex chemical composition and inter-component interactions.Herein,Fe-Ca/H-Si catalysts were prepared and used for cataly...The regulation of catalytic pyrolysis products of coal tar(CT)is a great challenge due to its complex chemical composition and inter-component interactions.Herein,Fe-Ca/H-Si catalysts were prepared and used for catalytic pyrolysis of CT for upgrading quality by acid treatment and impregnation methods,and the effect of carrier crystallinity on the distribution of CT pyrolysis products was investigated.The results showed that acid treatment disrupted the ordered crystals of silica(H-Si),creating more E’-centres defects as crystallinity decreased,and generating more sites for phenol removal reactions.The phenolic conversion of CT over H-Si increased by 12.42%at 700℃ during pyrolysis compared to SiO2.Meanwhile,the lower crystallinity of H-Si produced a larger free volume,providing sites for the anchoring of Fe and Ca.Fe facilitated the cleavage of C-C bonds and promoted the conversion of naphthalenes to aliphatic hydrocarbons.Additionally,CaO altered the electron distribution of compounds such as 2-ethyl-phenol and promoted their deoxygenation.Model compound experiments showed that the Fe-Ca/H-Si catalyst achieved 79.82% phenol conversion at 700℃,and also promoted the one-step deep reduction of naphthalene to 1-decene.These findings indicate that the Fe-Ca/H-Si catalyst offers a promising strategy for utilization of real CT.展开更多
Background:Pulmonary fibrosis is an irreversible lung disorder that currently has a limited number of effective therapeutic strategies.Taraxasterol(TAR),a bioactive triterpenoid isolated from plants used in traditiona...Background:Pulmonary fibrosis is an irreversible lung disorder that currently has a limited number of effective therapeutic strategies.Taraxasterol(TAR),a bioactive triterpenoid isolated from plants used in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.However,its precise role in pulmonary fibrosis remains incompletely defined.This study aimed to elucidate whether TAR alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by modulating Protein Phosphatase 2 Scaffold Subunit Abeta(PPP2R1B)expression.Methods:A bleomycininduced murine model of pulmonary fibrosis and a transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)stimulated mouse lung fibroblast cell line(MLg)were established.To evaluate the effects of TARon PPP2R1B expression and markers associated with fibrosis,histopathological staining,quantitative real-time PCR,Western blotting,and immunofluorescence were utilized.Additionally,si-PPP2R1B was used to validate its role in TAR-mediated anti-fibrotic effects.Results:5μg/mL TAR significantly suppressed 5 ng/mL TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation,migration,and collagen deposition by downregulating PPP2R1B expression(p<0.05).In vivo experiments demonstrated that 10 mg/kg TAR treatment improved alveolar structural integrity,reduced collagen accumulation,and suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines(including TGF-β1,CTGF,TNF-α,and IL-1β)(p<0.05).The concurrent improvement in these key histological and biochemical markers of pulmonary fibrosis indicates that TAR holds strong therapeutic potential for enhancing lung function.Furthermore,si-PPP2R1B confirmed the pivotal role of PPP2R1B in TAR anti-fibrotic action(p<0.05).Conclusion:TAR ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating PPP2R1B expression,which consequently attenuates TGF-β1-stimulated fibroblast activation,migration,and collagen deposition in vitro,and reduces collagen accumulation and inflammatory cytokine release in bleomycin-induced murine model of pulmonary fibrosis in vivo.展开更多
对三角形面积表示法(Triangle Area Representation,TAR)描述图形进行讨论,分析TAR-AVG(TAR Average Filtering)和TAR-MED(TAR Median Filtering)的原理.用TAR-AVG衡量图形的外凸与内凹特性,用TAR-MED获得边界曲率信息.结合两种方法的...对三角形面积表示法(Triangle Area Representation,TAR)描述图形进行讨论,分析TAR-AVG(TAR Average Filtering)和TAR-MED(TAR Median Filtering)的原理.用TAR-AVG衡量图形的外凸与内凹特性,用TAR-MED获得边界曲率信息.结合两种方法的滤波特性,提出TAR-MAMF(TAR Median Average Mixed Filtering)方法,对滤波结果用直方图表示,从直方图输出结果中提取有效的特征参数,确定图形中凹点和凸点的数量以及所在边界的位置,实现图形拐点识别.实验证明,TAR-MAMF方法对图形拐点的定位准确、有效.展开更多
The capillary electrophoretic separation of Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ and Ni 2+ in a phosphate buffer solution by complexing with 4 (2 thiazolylazo)resorcinol was investigated. The influences of some crucial parameters th...The capillary electrophoretic separation of Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ and Ni 2+ in a phosphate buffer solution by complexing with 4 (2 thiazolylazo)resorcinol was investigated. The influences of some crucial parameters that included chelating ligand in the electrophoretic running buffer and sample solution, pH value and concentration of buffer were examined. Under optimum conditions (10mmol·l -1 NaH 2PO 4 Na 2HPO 4 buffer containing 1×10 -4 mol·l -1 TAR, pH 7 5), a baseline separation of these metals was accomplished within 3 min. The detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0 013—0 14 μg·ml -1 . The method was applied to analyze trace metal ions in the environmental samples.展开更多
基金supported by Youth Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.22108175)Basic scientific research Project of colleges and universities of Liaoning Provincial Department of Educa-tion(No.LJKMZ20220798)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1903130)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning province(No.2021-NLTS-12-09),China,and JST Grant Number JPMJPF2104,Japan.
文摘Gasification is a highly effective technology for converting biomass into fuel gas or syngas.While various gas-ifiers have been commercialized for fuel gas production,mitigating tar formation in gasifiers remains chal-lenging.This review is devoted to summarizing the general strategies adopted in various gasifiers to reduce tar formation for high-efficiency clean gasification.For single-bed and staged-gasification processes,their low-tar strategies are typically different.In the single-bed processes,the low-tar strategies involve in-bed intensifica-tion achieved by controlling flow directions of gas and particles inside the gasifier.During the gasification,these two components often have different temperatures to facilitate thermochemical interactions between them.Meanwhile,the two-stage gasifiers are generally designed to decouple pyrolysis,gasification and tar cracking reactions for maximizing the benefits(such as yield and efficiency)realized from the interactions among these reactions.In addition to minimizing tar formation,the approach of reaction decoupling can also raise the calorific value of product gas,even without use of oxygen,and/or improve the adaptability of gasification technology to the feedstocks with various moisture contents and particle sizes.The reanalysis based on those essential low-tar strategies is expected to gain alternative insights into the reaction principles implicated in most advanced biomass gasification technologies.
基金financially supported by the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-049)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(No.20210302123167)。
文摘Carbon materials are widely recognized as highly promising electrode materials for various energy storage system applications.Coal tar residues(CTR),as a type of carbon-rich solid waste with high value-added utilization,are crucially important for the development of a more sustainable world.In this study,we employed a straightforward direct carbonization method within the temperature range of 700-1000℃to convert the worthless solid waste CTR into economically valuable carbon materials as anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The effect of carbonization temperature on the microstructure and the potassium ions storage properties of CTR-derived carbons(CTRCs)were systematically explored by structural and morphological characterization,alongside electrochemical performances assessment.Based on the co-regulation between the turbine layers,crystal structure,pore structure,functional groups,and electrical conductivity of CTR-derived carbon carbonized at 900℃(CTRC-900H),the electrode material with high reversible capacity of 265.6m Ah·g^(-1)at 50 m A·g^(-1),a desirable cycling stability with 93.8%capacity retention even after 100 cycles,and the remarkable rate performance for PIBs were obtained.Furthermore,cyclic voltammetry(CV)at different scan rates and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)have been employed to explore the potassium ions storage mechanism and electrochemical kinetics of CTRCs.Results indicate that the electrode behavior is predominantly governed by surface-induced capacitive processes,particularly under high current densities,with the potassium storage mechanism characterized by an“adsorption-weak intercalation”mechanism.This work highlights the potential of CTR-based carbon as a promising electrode material category suitable for high-performance PIBs electrodes,while also provides valuable insights into the new avenues for the high value-added utilization of CTR.
文摘Reducing the amount of aluminum chloride needed for the catalytic preparation of high quality mesophase and carbon materials is important and we have found that using terephthalic acid(PTA)as a co-catalyst serves this purpose.By adding 3%(mass fraction)AlCl_(3)and 0.9%(mass fraction)PTA to the coal tar pitch,approximately 90%mesophase was synthesized.The product(M-3-0.9)had a high stacking order(L_(c)=3.1 nm,n=10.14)and aromaticity(0.942).By adding PTA,a larger anisotropy content was produced using a smaller amount of AlCl_(3).The PTA participated in the polycondensation reaction through its own benzene ring structure to increase the catalytic activity.However,when its content was higher than 1.5%,the number of oxygen-containing groups in the product increased which was unfavorable for the aromatic lamellar stacking and gave rise to more isotropic structures.The work opens up a new way to prepare mesophase by a catalytic method.
基金supported by JST Grant Number JPMJPF2104,Japan.Az Zahra and Alahakoon gratefully acknowledge MEXT of Japan for the scholarship.
文摘The thermal conversion process known as biomass gasification has the potential to produce environmentally friendly fuels such as hydrogen.However,tar generation during the gasification remains an issue,affecting operational efficiency and environmental health.Biochar has been confirmed as an inexpensive and efficient catalyst for tar removal.The challenge lies in creating a highly reactive biochar which can be applied for different types of biomass with varying properties.This review discusses the factors that affect biochar’s reactivity as a catalyst for tar reforming.Additionally,incorporating biochar into a gasification scenario with raw biomass offers a practical solution by leveraging the synergistic behavior.However,this synergy could be either positive or negative:the positive synergy enhances tar removal while the negative synergy has the opposite effect.The numerous factors affecting the results of gasification are presented in this review.It is concluded that the positive synergistic effect resulted from the balance between the available reactants from biomass and biochar,the optimal gas flowrate and the active sites on the carbon surface.Understanding these interactions is crucial for optimizing biochar performance for tar removal.Ultimately,this research provides insights into biochar’s role in biomass gasification and suggests improvements for future studies to enhance the feasibility of biomass gasification with the assistance of biochar.
基金the Reserve Program for Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders in Yunnan Province(202205AC160031)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202301BF070001-010,202501AS070077)+1 种基金the National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(202310673093)the Yunnan University Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(S202310673170).
文摘The regulation of catalytic pyrolysis products of coal tar(CT)is a great challenge due to its complex chemical composition and inter-component interactions.Herein,Fe-Ca/H-Si catalysts were prepared and used for catalytic pyrolysis of CT for upgrading quality by acid treatment and impregnation methods,and the effect of carrier crystallinity on the distribution of CT pyrolysis products was investigated.The results showed that acid treatment disrupted the ordered crystals of silica(H-Si),creating more E’-centres defects as crystallinity decreased,and generating more sites for phenol removal reactions.The phenolic conversion of CT over H-Si increased by 12.42%at 700℃ during pyrolysis compared to SiO2.Meanwhile,the lower crystallinity of H-Si produced a larger free volume,providing sites for the anchoring of Fe and Ca.Fe facilitated the cleavage of C-C bonds and promoted the conversion of naphthalenes to aliphatic hydrocarbons.Additionally,CaO altered the electron distribution of compounds such as 2-ethyl-phenol and promoted their deoxygenation.Model compound experiments showed that the Fe-Ca/H-Si catalyst achieved 79.82% phenol conversion at 700℃,and also promoted the one-step deep reduction of naphthalene to 1-decene.These findings indicate that the Fe-Ca/H-Si catalyst offers a promising strategy for utilization of real CT.
文摘Background:Pulmonary fibrosis is an irreversible lung disorder that currently has a limited number of effective therapeutic strategies.Taraxasterol(TAR),a bioactive triterpenoid isolated from plants used in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.However,its precise role in pulmonary fibrosis remains incompletely defined.This study aimed to elucidate whether TAR alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by modulating Protein Phosphatase 2 Scaffold Subunit Abeta(PPP2R1B)expression.Methods:A bleomycininduced murine model of pulmonary fibrosis and a transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)stimulated mouse lung fibroblast cell line(MLg)were established.To evaluate the effects of TARon PPP2R1B expression and markers associated with fibrosis,histopathological staining,quantitative real-time PCR,Western blotting,and immunofluorescence were utilized.Additionally,si-PPP2R1B was used to validate its role in TAR-mediated anti-fibrotic effects.Results:5μg/mL TAR significantly suppressed 5 ng/mL TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation,migration,and collagen deposition by downregulating PPP2R1B expression(p<0.05).In vivo experiments demonstrated that 10 mg/kg TAR treatment improved alveolar structural integrity,reduced collagen accumulation,and suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines(including TGF-β1,CTGF,TNF-α,and IL-1β)(p<0.05).The concurrent improvement in these key histological and biochemical markers of pulmonary fibrosis indicates that TAR holds strong therapeutic potential for enhancing lung function.Furthermore,si-PPP2R1B confirmed the pivotal role of PPP2R1B in TAR anti-fibrotic action(p<0.05).Conclusion:TAR ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating PPP2R1B expression,which consequently attenuates TGF-β1-stimulated fibroblast activation,migration,and collagen deposition in vitro,and reduces collagen accumulation and inflammatory cytokine release in bleomycin-induced murine model of pulmonary fibrosis in vivo.
文摘对三角形面积表示法(Triangle Area Representation,TAR)描述图形进行讨论,分析TAR-AVG(TAR Average Filtering)和TAR-MED(TAR Median Filtering)的原理.用TAR-AVG衡量图形的外凸与内凹特性,用TAR-MED获得边界曲率信息.结合两种方法的滤波特性,提出TAR-MAMF(TAR Median Average Mixed Filtering)方法,对滤波结果用直方图表示,从直方图输出结果中提取有效的特征参数,确定图形中凹点和凸点的数量以及所在边界的位置,实现图形拐点识别.实验证明,TAR-MAMF方法对图形拐点的定位准确、有效.
文摘The capillary electrophoretic separation of Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ and Ni 2+ in a phosphate buffer solution by complexing with 4 (2 thiazolylazo)resorcinol was investigated. The influences of some crucial parameters that included chelating ligand in the electrophoretic running buffer and sample solution, pH value and concentration of buffer were examined. Under optimum conditions (10mmol·l -1 NaH 2PO 4 Na 2HPO 4 buffer containing 1×10 -4 mol·l -1 TAR, pH 7 5), a baseline separation of these metals was accomplished within 3 min. The detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0 013—0 14 μg·ml -1 . The method was applied to analyze trace metal ions in the environmental samples.
