Microalloyed steels are extensively utilized in the automotive industry for their superior strength–toughness synergy.Structural components,such as cranks,wheels,and front axles,are subjected to fluctuating or repeti...Microalloyed steels are extensively utilized in the automotive industry for their superior strength–toughness synergy.Structural components,such as cranks,wheels,and front axles,are subjected to fluctuating or repetitive stresses during service,which cause fatigue damage or failure.Therefore,improving the fatigue properties of microalloyed steels is crucial to broaden their applications.An overview of the factors affecting the fatigue properties of microalloyed steels is provided,beginning with a concise description of microalloyed steels,followed by a discussion of key factors,such as microstructure,precipitation,and non-metallic inclusions,that influence fatigue performance.Strategies for enhancing fatigue properties are also explored,including non-metallic inclusion modification,surface treatment,and microstructure tailoring.Modification treatment of non-metallic inclusions can alter their morphology,size,quantity,distribution,etc.,thereby reducing the adverse effect on fatigue performance.The surface treatment enhances resistance to crack initiation by introducing compressive residual stress or refining the surface microstructure.Microstructure tailoring involves various heat treatment processes that can slow fatigue crack growth.Ultimately,the latest developments and future prospects of fatigue properties in microalloyed steels,based on academic research and industrial practices,are also summarized.展开更多
Intergrowth ferroelectric semiconductors with excellent spontaneous polarization field are highly promising piezo-photocatalytic candidate materials.In addition,developing structural design and revealing polarization ...Intergrowth ferroelectric semiconductors with excellent spontaneous polarization field are highly promising piezo-photocatalytic candidate materials.In addition,developing structural design and revealing polarization enhancement in-depth mechanism are top priorities.Herein,we introduce the intergrowth ferroelectrics Bi_(7)Ti_(4)NbO_(21)thin-layer nanosheets for piezo-photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that interlayer lattice mismatch leads to increased tilting and rotation angle of Ti/NbO_(6)octahedra on perovskite-like layers,serving as the main reason for increased polarization.Furthermore,the tilting and rotation angle of the interlayer octahedron further increase under stress,suggesting a stronger driving force generated to facilitate charge carrier separation efficiency.Meanwhile,Bi_(7)Ti_(4)NbO_(21)nanosheets provide abundant active sites to effectively adsorb CO_(2)and acquire sensitive stress response,thereby presenting synergistically advanced piezo-photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction activity with a high CO generation rate of 426.97μmol g^(-1)h^(-1).Our work offers new perspectives and directions for initiating and investigating the mechanisms of high-performance intergrowth piezo-photocatalysts.展开更多
Fine tailoring the shape of nanosheets is still a big challenge as the difficult synthesis for highly controlled ultrathin nanosheets.Here we report a facile strategy for tailoring the shape of ultra-thin NdF_(3) nano...Fine tailoring the shape of nanosheets is still a big challenge as the difficult synthesis for highly controlled ultrathin nanosheets.Here we report a facile strategy for tailoring the shape of ultra-thin NdF_(3) nanosheets via a hot injection method.In this method,NdF_(3) nanosheets with only about 2 nm in thickness synthesized first via a hot injection method.The shape of the NdF_(3) nanosheets was able to be tailored from flower-like to the round or the triangular shapes simply by decreasing the reaction temperature from 300℃to 280℃or 260℃.The driven force of the NdF_(3) nanosheets’shape tailoring by the temperature could be that a lower crystal growth rate will guarantee the more stable facets exposed at lower temperature,while under the condition of slow precursor injection,a higher temperature will lead to a further decrease in the crystal growth rate.This shape control method of NdF_(3) nanosheets is highly robust,which could be promoted to other materials.展开更多
Objective:This review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to equitable coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine distribution in Nigeria using the consolidated framework for implementation research(CFIR).M...Objective:This review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to equitable coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine distribution in Nigeria using the consolidated framework for implementation research(CFIR).Methods:A comprehensive search strategy was applied across five databases—Web of Science,MEDLINE,EMBASE,CAB Direct,and CINAHL.The search,conducted as part of a scoping review,yielded 2,751 citations.Seven studies met the inclusion criteria after screening.Data were extracted and analyzed using CFIR constructs to identify key barriers and facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution.Results:Six barriers were identified:limited physical and socioeconomic access,bribery,nepotism,and insufficient availability of translated information.Facilitators included community involvement as local monitoring agents,unannounced staff inspections,healthcare worker training tailored to community needs,and localized outreach strategies such as jingles and call-in programs.CFIR constructs,including Local Conditions,Tailoring Strategies,Available Resources,and Physical Infrastructure,provided a framework for analyzing the findings.Conclusion:This review highlights significant barriers and promising facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution in Nigeria.Targeted interventions,such as community engagement,anti-corruption measures,and culturally tailored strategies,are critical to addressing these challenges and improving access.These findings underscore the need for localized,equity-focused approaches to enhance vaccine distribution systems in Nigeria and other low-resource settings.展开更多
The typical method for preparing the porous carbon used in supercapacitors(SCs)is time-consuming and energy-intensive.We report a fast and efficient route to synthesize and tailor the structure of porous carbon by a J...The typical method for preparing the porous carbon used in supercapacitors(SCs)is time-consuming and energy-intensive.We report a fast and efficient route to synthesize and tailor the structure of porous carbon by a Joule heating technique(JHT)using phenolic resin and precursors.During the JHT process,the time and energy needed are both significantly reduced because the precursor is heated to the target temperature at a rate of 1100 K/s,so the porous carbon is formed with the release of small molecules and the etching of the substrate by K_(2)CO_(3).JHT has a higher energy efficiency than traditional carbonization methods in a tube furnace and allows for precise control of the pyrolysis process,thus achieving better control of the material’s structure and properties.Samples obtained by JHT contain abundant pores and a large specific surface area(1652.7 m^(2)/g),which give an excellent specific capacitance of 476.0 F/g and rate capability(75.1%capacitance retention at 64.0 A/g in an aqueous alkaline electrolyte).Furthermore,in electrolytes of 17.0 mol/kg NaClO_(4)(water-in-salt)and 1.0 mol/L TEABF4/AN,the symmetric SCs have a maximum energy density of 33.3 and 50.8 Wh/kg at power densities of 220.4 and 376.4 W/kg,respectively.The cells also have good long-term stability,with a nearly 100%Coulombic efficiency,and a capacitance retention of 93.1%in a water-in-salt electrolyte after 10000 cycles,and 88.9%in an organic electrolyte after 8000 cycles.This study shows that JHT has the potential to serve as an ultra-fast method to prepare porous carbons for energy storage.展开更多
There have been an increasing number of studies on climate change and population health over the past 20 years,with most focusing on health risk assessment,targeting different locations and populations with various di...There have been an increasing number of studies on climate change and population health over the past 20 years,with most focusing on health risk assessment,targeting different locations and populations with various diseases[1−2].While these studies have provided the necessary epidemiological evidence for health authorities in policymaking,it is time to develop and implement tailored health interventions to protect the health and well-being of communities,and particularly that of vulnerable groups.展开更多
One-dimensional perovskites possess unique photoelectric properties that distinguish them from other perovskitetypes, making them a focal point in photoelectric research. In recent years, there has been a significant ...One-dimensional perovskites possess unique photoelectric properties that distinguish them from other perovskitetypes, making them a focal point in photoelectric research. In recent years, there has been a significant surge ininterest surrounding the synthesis and application of one-dimensional anisotropic perovskites, spurred by ad-vancementsin synthesis techniques and notable breakthroughs in novel methodologies and application proper-ties.This article provides a comprehensive review of the progress made in research on one-dimensionalanisotropic perovskites, detailing the synthesis mechanisms and potential pathways for performance enhance-mentin various applications. We highlight the crucial role of controllable synthesis and heterogeneous effect intailoring perovskite properties to boost application efficacy. Initially, this review examines the primary synthesismethods and mechanisms for creating heterogeneously induced one-dimensional anisotropic perovskites, cate-gorizingthem into two main approaches: the classical wet chemical synthesis, which utilizes selective ligands, andthe ligand-free, substrate-assisted method. The precision in controllable synthesis is essential for fabricatingheterogeneous structures, where the synthesized precursor, shape, and surface ligand significantly influence theinterfacial strength of the heterogenic interface. We also discuss the key features that must be improved for high-performanceapplications, exploring how heterogeneous effects can enhance performance and drive the devel-opmentof heterogeneous devices in various applications, such as photodetectors, solar cells, light-emitting di-odes,and photocatalysis. Conclusively, by highlighting the emerging potential and promising opportunitiesoffered by strategic heterogeneous construction, we forecast a dynamic and transformative future for their pro-ductionand application landscapes.展开更多
Renal allograft rejection and its detection are challenging problems for transplant clinicians.Transplant physicians rely on serum creatinine,estimated glomerular filtration rate,proteinuria,donor-specific antibodies,...Renal allograft rejection and its detection are challenging problems for transplant clinicians.Transplant physicians rely on serum creatinine,estimated glomerular filtration rate,proteinuria,donor-specific antibodies,and graft biopsy to detect rejection.The sensitivity and specificity in these blood and urine tests are low,and the invasiveness of graft biopsy has led transplant clinicians to seek alternative diagnostic tools.Cell-free DNA(cfDNA)is a fragment of DNA released from cell death due to necrosis and apoptosis.Donor-derived cfDNA(dd-cfDNA)has been proposed as a potential non-invasive biomarker for detecting rejection.However,one must interpret it cautiously in conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion injury,delayed graft function,BK virus nephropathy,post-kidney biopsy,and dual kidney transplantation,which may cause dd-cfDNA elevation.There is a lack of standardized cutoff values for diagnosing various types of rejections.Low specificity,higher cost,and lack of universal availability are the multiple obstacles to using this tool.There is a need to establish clinical guidelines for its future utility in early rejection detection,graft surveillance,and tailoring of immunosuppression.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a gram-negative,spiral-shaped,microaerophilic bacterium that infects over 43%of the global population,with higher prevalence in regions of low socioeconomic status and poor sanitation.I...Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a gram-negative,spiral-shaped,microaerophilic bacterium that infects over 43%of the global population,with higher prevalence in regions of low socioeconomic status and poor sanitation.It is transmitted mainly through oral-oral and fecal-oral routes and has evolved multiple mechanisms that allow colonization of the acidic gastric environment,including urease production,chemotaxis,and a variety of adhesins.The bacterium expresses several virulence factors that enhance its pathogenicity,such as cytotoxin-associated antigen A,vacuolating cytotoxin A,and the small regulatory RNA NikS,found to be essential for the fine-tuning of the bacterial virulence.Although many infected individuals remain asymptomatic,H.pylori infection is associated with multiple clinical outcomes,including chronic gastritis,peptic ulcers,gastric adenocarcinoma,and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma,all correlated to the host immune response and chronic inflammation.Diagnosis relies on both invasive and non-invasive methods,and growing antibiotic resistance poses a major challenge to treatment.New therapeutic strategies,such as tailored therapy,potassium-competitive acid blockers,and probiotics are under investigation.Vaccine development remains a key area of research,with several candidates currently in preclinical and clinical evaluation.展开更多
Colon cancer(CC)laterality(right vs left)is recognized as a key determinant of clinical outcomes and treatment decisions in metastatic CC.Right-sided CC(RCC)often presents in older individuals and is associated with h...Colon cancer(CC)laterality(right vs left)is recognized as a key determinant of clinical outcomes and treatment decisions in metastatic CC.Right-sided CC(RCC)often presents in older individuals and is associated with higher rates of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 mutations and deficient mismatch repair,leading to microsatellite instability-high status.Left-sided CC typically presents in younger individuals,demonstrates a more favorable prognosis,and is often Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog/neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog/v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 wild-type,making it more responsive to antiepidermal growth factor receptor therapy.RCC typically responds poorly to antiepidermal growth factor receptor agents;however,it may benefit from triplet chemotherapy(5-fluorouracil+leucovorin+oxaliplatin+irinotecan)with or without anti-angiogenic agents.Comprehensive molecular profiling remains challenging in low-resource settings due to limited access to advanced diagnostic tools.This review explores key epidemiological and molecular differences between RCC and left-sided CC.In the absence of complete genomic data,tumor sidedness can be a helpful guide for making treatment decisions.Here,we propose a practical algorithm that integrates basic immunohistochemistry to assess a tumor’s mismatch repair status and laterality,potentially facilitating therapy selection in resource-constrained environments.Recognizing laterality-specific trends in prognosis and treatment response can improve personalized care and outcomes for patients with CC in these environments,highlighting the essential role of cost-effective biomarker strategies.展开更多
A strategy combining a tailored database and high-throughput activity screening that discover bioactive metabolites derived from Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(MOC)was developed and implemented to rapidly profile and di...A strategy combining a tailored database and high-throughput activity screening that discover bioactive metabolites derived from Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(MOC)was developed and implemented to rapidly profile and discover bioactive metabolites in vivo derived from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The strategy possessed four characteristics:1)The tailored database consisted of metabolites derived from big data-originated reference compound,metabolites predicted in silico,and MOC chemical profile-based pseudomolecular ions.2)When profiling MOC-derived metabolites in vivo,attentions were paid not only to prototypes of MOC compounds and metabolites directly derived from MOC compounds,as reported by most papers,but also to isomerized metabolites and the degradation products of MOC compounds as well as their derived metabolites.3)Metabolite traceability was performed,especially to distinguish isomeric prototypes-derived metabolites,prototypes of MOC compounds as well as phase I metabolites derived from other MOC compounds.4)Molecular docking was utilized for high-throughput activity screening and molecular dynamic simulation as well as zebrafish model were used for verification.Using this strategy,134 metabolites were swiftly characterized after the oral administration of MOC to rats,and several metabolites were reported for the first time.Furthermore,17 potential active metabolites were discovered by targeting the motilin,dopamine D2,and the serotonin type 4(5-HT4)receptors,and part bioactivities were verified using molecular dynamic simulation and a zebrafish constipation model.This study extends the application of mass spectrometry(MS)to rapidly profile TCM-derived metabolites in vivo,which will help pharmacologists rapidly discover potent metabolites from a complex matrix.展开更多
Flexible Zn-based batteries have attracted increasing research interest as essential components of wearable energy storage devices.However,the advancement of flexible aqueous Zn-based batteries based on Co-Ni layered ...Flexible Zn-based batteries have attracted increasing research interest as essential components of wearable energy storage devices.However,the advancement of flexible aqueous Zn-based batteries based on Co-Ni layered double hydroxide (CoNi-LDH) as the cathode material is hampered by their poor cycling stability and the corrosiveness of alkaline electrolytes.Herein,CoNi-LDH nanosheets enriched with H vacancies (CoNi-LDH(v)) were constructed on a flexible carbon cloth (CC) substrate via electrochemical deposition and activation.The Zn-based battery comprising CoNi-LDH(v)@CC as the cathode exhibited highly reversible conversion reactions and stable operation in 3 M ZnSO4electrolyte (pH=4).The battery delivered an excellent specific capacity (225 mA h g^(-1),0.26 mA h cm^(-2)),acceptable cycling stability(53.9%,900 cycles),and high discharging voltage.The abundant H vacancies served as active sites for the reversible intercalation of Zn^(2+)and the extravasation of NO_(3)-generated channels and space for Zn^(2+)transport and storage,together enabling an excellent Zn^(2+)storage capacity.Furthermore,a sandwich-structured solid-state CoNi-LDH(v)@CC//Zn@CC battery was fabricated and was found to exhibit a noteworthy electrochemical performance and mechanical durability.As a proof of concept,the unencapsulated battery powered a digital watch under various deformation conditions and operated stably for 80 h.Additionally,the flexible battery displayed outstanding customizability,maintaining an open-circuit voltage of 1.42 V even after being cut twice.The proposed engineering strategy contributes to the realization of textiles with truly wearable energy-storage devices.展开更多
The integration of large-scale-distributed new energy resources has led to heightened source‒load uncertainty.As energy prosumers,microgrids urgently require enhanced real-time regulation capabilities over controllabl...The integration of large-scale-distributed new energy resources has led to heightened source‒load uncertainty.As energy prosumers,microgrids urgently require enhanced real-time regulation capabilities over controllable resources amid uncertain environments,rendering real-time and rapid decision-making a critical issue.This paper proposes a tailored twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient(TD3)reinforcement learning algorithm that explicitly accounts for source‒load uncertainty.First,following an expert experience-based methodology,Gaussian process regression was implemented using the radial basis function covariance with historical source and load data.The parameters were adaptively adjusted by maximum likelihood estimation to generate the expected curves of demand and wind‒solar power generation,along with their 95%confidence regions,which were treated as representative uncertainty scenarios.Second,the traditional scheduling model was transformed into a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)environment through a Markov process.To minimize the total operational cost of the microgrid,the tailored TD3 algorithm was applied to formulate rapid intraday scheduling decisions.Finally,simulations were conducted using real historical data from an actual region in Zhejiang province,China,to verify the efficacy of the proposed method.The results demonstrate the potential of the algorithm for achieving economic scheduling for microgrids.展开更多
Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol(4-NP)pollutant to the high-value 4-aminophenol(4-AP)with a clean hydrogen donor holds significant importance yet great challenges owing to the difficult activation of nitro and H s...Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol(4-NP)pollutant to the high-value 4-aminophenol(4-AP)with a clean hydrogen donor holds significant importance yet great challenges owing to the difficult activation of nitro and H species.In this work,Ag tailoring Frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs)of CeO_(2)(Ag/CeO_(2))were successfully fabricated for electrochemical reduction reaction of 4-NP(4-NP ERR).As a result,the bond of Ag with O atom changed the state of the Ce-O bond and electron density,where the tailored FLPs were the key factor for enhancing absorption and activation.The reaction rate of Ag/CeO_(2)reached up to 4.70 mmol·min^(-1)(Faraday efficiency:99.5%),which was about four times of CeO_(2).Additionally,this study delved into the proton-coupled electron processes to further understand the mechanism of 4-NP ERR.Therefore,in this study,we have endeavored to investigate the role of tailored FLPs sites and utilize this structure-function relationship to achieve environmentalfriendly chemical synthesis.展开更多
B2-CuZr phase reinforced amorphous alloy matrix composites has become one of the research hotspots in the field of materials science due to the“transformation-induced plasticity”phenomenon,which makes the composites...B2-CuZr phase reinforced amorphous alloy matrix composites has become one of the research hotspots in the field of materials science due to the“transformation-induced plasticity”phenomenon,which makes the composites show better macroscopic plastic deformability and obvious work-hardening behavior compared to the conventional amorphous alloy matrix composites reinforced with ductile phases.However,the in-situ metastable B2-CuZr phase tends to undergo eutectoid decomposition during solidification,and the volume fraction,size,and distribution of B2-CuZr phase are difficult to control,which limits the development and application of these materials.To date,much efforts have been made to solve the above problems through composition optimization,casting parameter tailoring,and post-processing technique.In this study,a review was given based on relevant studies,focusing on the predictive approach,reinforcing mechanism,and microstructure tailoring methods of B2-CuZr phase reinforced amorphous alloy matrix composites.The research focus and future prospects were also given for the future development of the present composite system.展开更多
The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)has evolved significantly over the past century,driven by a deeper understanding of tumor biology,technological advancements,and multidisciplinary approaches.This a...The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)has evolved significantly over the past century,driven by a deeper understanding of tumor biology,technological advancements,and multidisciplinary approaches.This article reviews the historical progression of LARC management,emphasizing the latest breakthroughs that are reshaping treatment paradigms.Key developments include the watch and wait strategy for patients achieving a complete clinical response after neoadjuvant therapy,the emergence of total neoadjuvant therapy as a standard approach,and the adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques,such as transanal endoscopic microsurgery.Watch and wait may reduce treatment-related morbidity and help preserve anorectal function,but it requires rigorous patient selection and close long-term surveillance to ensure oncologic safety.Additionally,the role of targeted therapies and immunotherapy is gaining prominence,offering new opportunities for personalized treatment.These innovations aim to improve oncological outcomes while minimizing morbidity and preserving organ function,ultimately enhancing patients’quality of life.Despite these advancements,challenges remain in optimizing patient selection,refining treatment strategies,and ensuring long-term safety and efficacy.A multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons,oncologists,and radiation specialists is crucial to tailoring therapies to individual patient profiles.As research continues,integrating novel therapeutic strategies will be key to further improving survival rates and reducing treatment-related morbidity in LARC patients.展开更多
The inherent trade-off between ductility and strength in Mg alloys remains a significant challenge,primarily governed by microstructural distribution and texture characteristics.Friction stir processing(FSP),a severe ...The inherent trade-off between ductility and strength in Mg alloys remains a significant challenge,primarily governed by microstructural distribution and texture characteristics.Friction stir processing(FSP),a severe plastic deformation(SPD)technique,refines microstructures by generating fine grains,uniformly dispersed fragmented particles,and a high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs),thereby facilitating superplastic forming at high strain rates and low temperatures.In the present work,a dual eccentric-pin tool(DEPT)FSP was employed to incorporate ZrO_(2) particles into a 6 mm thick AZ91D Mg alloy,leading to the formation of high volume{10-12}twins,dislocations,and β-Mg_(17)Al_(12) precipitates within the stirred zone.The microstructural evolution and mechanical behaviour of the stir zone under various process parameters were analysed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The DEPT enhanced plastic shearing and dynamic recrystallization,significantly reducing the grain size from 15.6μm to 2.35μm while promoting uniform dislocation distribution within the stir zone(SZ).Grain orientation analysis revealed a transition from basal to prismatic texture dominance(29.3% volume fraction)due to intensified radial-tangential coupling shear deformation,facilitating the activation of non-basal slip systems.The DEPT evidently improved the hardness of the SZ from 58 to 92 HV and increased tensile strength from 234 MPa to 325 MPa while maintaining an elongation of 23.8%,achieving an optimal strengthductility balance.This work presents a one-step approach for tailoring microstructural heterogeneity and enhancing mechanical properties in AZ91D/ZrO_(2) composites using the DEPT FSP technique.The method provides an effective strategy for mitigating the strength-ductility trade-off commonly observed in Mg alloys.展开更多
This letter addressed the impactful study by Zhong et al,which introduced a risk prediction and stratification model for surgical adverse events following minimally invasive esophagectomy.By identifying key risk facto...This letter addressed the impactful study by Zhong et al,which introduced a risk prediction and stratification model for surgical adverse events following minimally invasive esophagectomy.By identifying key risk factors such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypoalbuminemia,the model demonstrated strong predictive accuracy and offered a pathway to personalized perioperative care.This correspondence highlighted the clinical significance,emphasizing its potential to optimize patient outcomes through tailored inter-ventions.Further prospective validation and application across diverse settings are essential to realize its full potential in advancing esophageal surgery practices.展开更多
We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of ...We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of the ions to create phonon-mediated entangling gates and,unlike the state of the art,requires neither weakcoupling Lamb-Dicke approximation nor perturbation treatment.With the application of gradient-based optimal control,it enables finding amplitude-and phase-modulated laser control protocols that work without the Lamb-Dicke approximation,promising gate speeds on the order of microseconds comparable to the characteristic trap frequencies.Also,robustness requirements on the temperature of the ions and initial optical phase can be conveniently included to pursue high-quality fast gates against experimental imperfections.Our approach represents a step in speeding up quantum gates to achieve larger quantum circuits for quantum computation and simulation,and thus can find applications in near-future experiments.展开更多
Per oral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)is rapidly emerging as the treatment of choice for achalasia cardia,but its success is marred by problematic reflux.Although symptomatic reflux rates are low and often comparable to th...Per oral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)is rapidly emerging as the treatment of choice for achalasia cardia,but its success is marred by problematic reflux.Although symptomatic reflux rates are low and often comparable to that after laparoscopic Hellers myotomy(LHM),a high incidence of pathologic reflux has been noted after POEM.This poses a dilemma as to what is true reflux,and in determining the indications and optimal endpoints for managing post-POEM reflux.The two pertinent reasons for the difference in reflux rates between LHM and POEM are the variation in length and location of myotomy and the absence of an anti-reflux procedure in POEM.Proton pump inhibitor remains the most sought-after treatment of POEM derived reflux.Nevertheless,modifications in the procedural technique of POEM and the addition of endoscopic fundoplication can probably emerge as a game changer.This article briefly reviews the incidence,causes,controversies,predictive factors,and management strategies related to post-POEM reflux.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3702403)financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52122408 and 52071023)。
文摘Microalloyed steels are extensively utilized in the automotive industry for their superior strength–toughness synergy.Structural components,such as cranks,wheels,and front axles,are subjected to fluctuating or repetitive stresses during service,which cause fatigue damage or failure.Therefore,improving the fatigue properties of microalloyed steels is crucial to broaden their applications.An overview of the factors affecting the fatigue properties of microalloyed steels is provided,beginning with a concise description of microalloyed steels,followed by a discussion of key factors,such as microstructure,precipitation,and non-metallic inclusions,that influence fatigue performance.Strategies for enhancing fatigue properties are also explored,including non-metallic inclusion modification,surface treatment,and microstructure tailoring.Modification treatment of non-metallic inclusions can alter their morphology,size,quantity,distribution,etc.,thereby reducing the adverse effect on fatigue performance.The surface treatment enhances resistance to crack initiation by introducing compressive residual stress or refining the surface microstructure.Microstructure tailoring involves various heat treatment processes that can slow fatigue crack growth.Ultimately,the latest developments and future prospects of fatigue properties in microalloyed steels,based on academic research and industrial practices,are also summarized.
基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220596)Innovative science and technology platform project of cooperation between Yangzhou City and Yangzhou University,China(No.YZ202026305)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China(21922202,21673202 and 22272147)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Intergrowth ferroelectric semiconductors with excellent spontaneous polarization field are highly promising piezo-photocatalytic candidate materials.In addition,developing structural design and revealing polarization enhancement in-depth mechanism are top priorities.Herein,we introduce the intergrowth ferroelectrics Bi_(7)Ti_(4)NbO_(21)thin-layer nanosheets for piezo-photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that interlayer lattice mismatch leads to increased tilting and rotation angle of Ti/NbO_(6)octahedra on perovskite-like layers,serving as the main reason for increased polarization.Furthermore,the tilting and rotation angle of the interlayer octahedron further increase under stress,suggesting a stronger driving force generated to facilitate charge carrier separation efficiency.Meanwhile,Bi_(7)Ti_(4)NbO_(21)nanosheets provide abundant active sites to effectively adsorb CO_(2)and acquire sensitive stress response,thereby presenting synergistically advanced piezo-photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction activity with a high CO generation rate of 426.97μmol g^(-1)h^(-1).Our work offers new perspectives and directions for initiating and investigating the mechanisms of high-performance intergrowth piezo-photocatalysts.
文摘Fine tailoring the shape of nanosheets is still a big challenge as the difficult synthesis for highly controlled ultrathin nanosheets.Here we report a facile strategy for tailoring the shape of ultra-thin NdF_(3) nanosheets via a hot injection method.In this method,NdF_(3) nanosheets with only about 2 nm in thickness synthesized first via a hot injection method.The shape of the NdF_(3) nanosheets was able to be tailored from flower-like to the round or the triangular shapes simply by decreasing the reaction temperature from 300℃to 280℃or 260℃.The driven force of the NdF_(3) nanosheets’shape tailoring by the temperature could be that a lower crystal growth rate will guarantee the more stable facets exposed at lower temperature,while under the condition of slow precursor injection,a higher temperature will lead to a further decrease in the crystal growth rate.This shape control method of NdF_(3) nanosheets is highly robust,which could be promoted to other materials.
文摘Objective:This review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to equitable coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine distribution in Nigeria using the consolidated framework for implementation research(CFIR).Methods:A comprehensive search strategy was applied across five databases—Web of Science,MEDLINE,EMBASE,CAB Direct,and CINAHL.The search,conducted as part of a scoping review,yielded 2,751 citations.Seven studies met the inclusion criteria after screening.Data were extracted and analyzed using CFIR constructs to identify key barriers and facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution.Results:Six barriers were identified:limited physical and socioeconomic access,bribery,nepotism,and insufficient availability of translated information.Facilitators included community involvement as local monitoring agents,unannounced staff inspections,healthcare worker training tailored to community needs,and localized outreach strategies such as jingles and call-in programs.CFIR constructs,including Local Conditions,Tailoring Strategies,Available Resources,and Physical Infrastructure,provided a framework for analyzing the findings.Conclusion:This review highlights significant barriers and promising facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution in Nigeria.Targeted interventions,such as community engagement,anti-corruption measures,and culturally tailored strategies,are critical to addressing these challenges and improving access.These findings underscore the need for localized,equity-focused approaches to enhance vaccine distribution systems in Nigeria and other low-resource settings.
文摘The typical method for preparing the porous carbon used in supercapacitors(SCs)is time-consuming and energy-intensive.We report a fast and efficient route to synthesize and tailor the structure of porous carbon by a Joule heating technique(JHT)using phenolic resin and precursors.During the JHT process,the time and energy needed are both significantly reduced because the precursor is heated to the target temperature at a rate of 1100 K/s,so the porous carbon is formed with the release of small molecules and the etching of the substrate by K_(2)CO_(3).JHT has a higher energy efficiency than traditional carbonization methods in a tube furnace and allows for precise control of the pyrolysis process,thus achieving better control of the material’s structure and properties.Samples obtained by JHT contain abundant pores and a large specific surface area(1652.7 m^(2)/g),which give an excellent specific capacitance of 476.0 F/g and rate capability(75.1%capacitance retention at 64.0 A/g in an aqueous alkaline electrolyte).Furthermore,in electrolytes of 17.0 mol/kg NaClO_(4)(water-in-salt)and 1.0 mol/L TEABF4/AN,the symmetric SCs have a maximum energy density of 33.3 and 50.8 Wh/kg at power densities of 220.4 and 376.4 W/kg,respectively.The cells also have good long-term stability,with a nearly 100%Coulombic efficiency,and a capacitance retention of 93.1%in a water-in-salt electrolyte after 10000 cycles,and 88.9%in an organic electrolyte after 8000 cycles.This study shows that JHT has the potential to serve as an ultra-fast method to prepare porous carbons for energy storage.
文摘There have been an increasing number of studies on climate change and population health over the past 20 years,with most focusing on health risk assessment,targeting different locations and populations with various diseases[1−2].While these studies have provided the necessary epidemiological evidence for health authorities in policymaking,it is time to develop and implement tailored health interventions to protect the health and well-being of communities,and particularly that of vulnerable groups.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272065)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211530)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP62218)the Key Research and Development Special Project of Yi'chun City,Jiangxi Province,China(2023ZDYFZX06).
文摘One-dimensional perovskites possess unique photoelectric properties that distinguish them from other perovskitetypes, making them a focal point in photoelectric research. In recent years, there has been a significant surge ininterest surrounding the synthesis and application of one-dimensional anisotropic perovskites, spurred by ad-vancementsin synthesis techniques and notable breakthroughs in novel methodologies and application proper-ties.This article provides a comprehensive review of the progress made in research on one-dimensionalanisotropic perovskites, detailing the synthesis mechanisms and potential pathways for performance enhance-mentin various applications. We highlight the crucial role of controllable synthesis and heterogeneous effect intailoring perovskite properties to boost application efficacy. Initially, this review examines the primary synthesismethods and mechanisms for creating heterogeneously induced one-dimensional anisotropic perovskites, cate-gorizingthem into two main approaches: the classical wet chemical synthesis, which utilizes selective ligands, andthe ligand-free, substrate-assisted method. The precision in controllable synthesis is essential for fabricatingheterogeneous structures, where the synthesized precursor, shape, and surface ligand significantly influence theinterfacial strength of the heterogenic interface. We also discuss the key features that must be improved for high-performanceapplications, exploring how heterogeneous effects can enhance performance and drive the devel-opmentof heterogeneous devices in various applications, such as photodetectors, solar cells, light-emitting di-odes,and photocatalysis. Conclusively, by highlighting the emerging potential and promising opportunitiesoffered by strategic heterogeneous construction, we forecast a dynamic and transformative future for their pro-ductionand application landscapes.
文摘Renal allograft rejection and its detection are challenging problems for transplant clinicians.Transplant physicians rely on serum creatinine,estimated glomerular filtration rate,proteinuria,donor-specific antibodies,and graft biopsy to detect rejection.The sensitivity and specificity in these blood and urine tests are low,and the invasiveness of graft biopsy has led transplant clinicians to seek alternative diagnostic tools.Cell-free DNA(cfDNA)is a fragment of DNA released from cell death due to necrosis and apoptosis.Donor-derived cfDNA(dd-cfDNA)has been proposed as a potential non-invasive biomarker for detecting rejection.However,one must interpret it cautiously in conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion injury,delayed graft function,BK virus nephropathy,post-kidney biopsy,and dual kidney transplantation,which may cause dd-cfDNA elevation.There is a lack of standardized cutoff values for diagnosing various types of rejections.Low specificity,higher cost,and lack of universal availability are the multiple obstacles to using this tool.There is a need to establish clinical guidelines for its future utility in early rejection detection,graft surveillance,and tailoring of immunosuppression.
基金Supported by the CNPq Research Productivity Fellow,No.317005/2021-9.
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a gram-negative,spiral-shaped,microaerophilic bacterium that infects over 43%of the global population,with higher prevalence in regions of low socioeconomic status and poor sanitation.It is transmitted mainly through oral-oral and fecal-oral routes and has evolved multiple mechanisms that allow colonization of the acidic gastric environment,including urease production,chemotaxis,and a variety of adhesins.The bacterium expresses several virulence factors that enhance its pathogenicity,such as cytotoxin-associated antigen A,vacuolating cytotoxin A,and the small regulatory RNA NikS,found to be essential for the fine-tuning of the bacterial virulence.Although many infected individuals remain asymptomatic,H.pylori infection is associated with multiple clinical outcomes,including chronic gastritis,peptic ulcers,gastric adenocarcinoma,and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma,all correlated to the host immune response and chronic inflammation.Diagnosis relies on both invasive and non-invasive methods,and growing antibiotic resistance poses a major challenge to treatment.New therapeutic strategies,such as tailored therapy,potassium-competitive acid blockers,and probiotics are under investigation.Vaccine development remains a key area of research,with several candidates currently in preclinical and clinical evaluation.
文摘Colon cancer(CC)laterality(right vs left)is recognized as a key determinant of clinical outcomes and treatment decisions in metastatic CC.Right-sided CC(RCC)often presents in older individuals and is associated with higher rates of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 mutations and deficient mismatch repair,leading to microsatellite instability-high status.Left-sided CC typically presents in younger individuals,demonstrates a more favorable prognosis,and is often Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog/neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog/v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 wild-type,making it more responsive to antiepidermal growth factor receptor therapy.RCC typically responds poorly to antiepidermal growth factor receptor agents;however,it may benefit from triplet chemotherapy(5-fluorouracil+leucovorin+oxaliplatin+irinotecan)with or without anti-angiogenic agents.Comprehensive molecular profiling remains challenging in low-resource settings due to limited access to advanced diagnostic tools.This review explores key epidemiological and molecular differences between RCC and left-sided CC.In the absence of complete genomic data,tumor sidedness can be a helpful guide for making treatment decisions.Here,we propose a practical algorithm that integrates basic immunohistochemistry to assess a tumor’s mismatch repair status and laterality,potentially facilitating therapy selection in resource-constrained environments.Recognizing laterality-specific trends in prognosis and treatment response can improve personalized care and outcomes for patients with CC in these environments,highlighting the essential role of cost-effective biomarker strategies.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,China(Grant Nos.:CI2023E002 and CI2021A04513)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82204619 and 82274094)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes,China(Grant Nos.:ZZ15-YQ-067 and ZZ16-ND-10-26).
文摘A strategy combining a tailored database and high-throughput activity screening that discover bioactive metabolites derived from Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(MOC)was developed and implemented to rapidly profile and discover bioactive metabolites in vivo derived from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The strategy possessed four characteristics:1)The tailored database consisted of metabolites derived from big data-originated reference compound,metabolites predicted in silico,and MOC chemical profile-based pseudomolecular ions.2)When profiling MOC-derived metabolites in vivo,attentions were paid not only to prototypes of MOC compounds and metabolites directly derived from MOC compounds,as reported by most papers,but also to isomerized metabolites and the degradation products of MOC compounds as well as their derived metabolites.3)Metabolite traceability was performed,especially to distinguish isomeric prototypes-derived metabolites,prototypes of MOC compounds as well as phase I metabolites derived from other MOC compounds.4)Molecular docking was utilized for high-throughput activity screening and molecular dynamic simulation as well as zebrafish model were used for verification.Using this strategy,134 metabolites were swiftly characterized after the oral administration of MOC to rats,and several metabolites were reported for the first time.Furthermore,17 potential active metabolites were discovered by targeting the motilin,dopamine D2,and the serotonin type 4(5-HT4)receptors,and part bioactivities were verified using molecular dynamic simulation and a zebrafish constipation model.This study extends the application of mass spectrometry(MS)to rapidly profile TCM-derived metabolites in vivo,which will help pharmacologists rapidly discover potent metabolites from a complex matrix.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (52003191,5247317, 52473275)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2022QNRC001)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20221539)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX22_2341)Program of Introducing Talents of Jiangnan University (1065219032210150)Program of China Scholarship Council (202306790065)。
文摘Flexible Zn-based batteries have attracted increasing research interest as essential components of wearable energy storage devices.However,the advancement of flexible aqueous Zn-based batteries based on Co-Ni layered double hydroxide (CoNi-LDH) as the cathode material is hampered by their poor cycling stability and the corrosiveness of alkaline electrolytes.Herein,CoNi-LDH nanosheets enriched with H vacancies (CoNi-LDH(v)) were constructed on a flexible carbon cloth (CC) substrate via electrochemical deposition and activation.The Zn-based battery comprising CoNi-LDH(v)@CC as the cathode exhibited highly reversible conversion reactions and stable operation in 3 M ZnSO4electrolyte (pH=4).The battery delivered an excellent specific capacity (225 mA h g^(-1),0.26 mA h cm^(-2)),acceptable cycling stability(53.9%,900 cycles),and high discharging voltage.The abundant H vacancies served as active sites for the reversible intercalation of Zn^(2+)and the extravasation of NO_(3)-generated channels and space for Zn^(2+)transport and storage,together enabling an excellent Zn^(2+)storage capacity.Furthermore,a sandwich-structured solid-state CoNi-LDH(v)@CC//Zn@CC battery was fabricated and was found to exhibit a noteworthy electrochemical performance and mechanical durability.As a proof of concept,the unencapsulated battery powered a digital watch under various deformation conditions and operated stably for 80 h.Additionally,the flexible battery displayed outstanding customizability,maintaining an open-circuit voltage of 1.42 V even after being cut twice.The proposed engineering strategy contributes to the realization of textiles with truly wearable energy-storage devices.
基金supported in part by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.5400-202319829A-4-1-KJ).
文摘The integration of large-scale-distributed new energy resources has led to heightened source‒load uncertainty.As energy prosumers,microgrids urgently require enhanced real-time regulation capabilities over controllable resources amid uncertain environments,rendering real-time and rapid decision-making a critical issue.This paper proposes a tailored twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient(TD3)reinforcement learning algorithm that explicitly accounts for source‒load uncertainty.First,following an expert experience-based methodology,Gaussian process regression was implemented using the radial basis function covariance with historical source and load data.The parameters were adaptively adjusted by maximum likelihood estimation to generate the expected curves of demand and wind‒solar power generation,along with their 95%confidence regions,which were treated as representative uncertainty scenarios.Second,the traditional scheduling model was transformed into a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)environment through a Markov process.To minimize the total operational cost of the microgrid,the tailored TD3 algorithm was applied to formulate rapid intraday scheduling decisions.Finally,simulations were conducted using real historical data from an actual region in Zhejiang province,China,to verify the efficacy of the proposed method.The results demonstrate the potential of the algorithm for achieving economic scheduling for microgrids.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075112)Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization(RERU2023010)+1 种基金Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry(Heilongjiang University)Ministry of Education,China,Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX24_4006).
文摘Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol(4-NP)pollutant to the high-value 4-aminophenol(4-AP)with a clean hydrogen donor holds significant importance yet great challenges owing to the difficult activation of nitro and H species.In this work,Ag tailoring Frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs)of CeO_(2)(Ag/CeO_(2))were successfully fabricated for electrochemical reduction reaction of 4-NP(4-NP ERR).As a result,the bond of Ag with O atom changed the state of the Ce-O bond and electron density,where the tailored FLPs were the key factor for enhancing absorption and activation.The reaction rate of Ag/CeO_(2)reached up to 4.70 mmol·min^(-1)(Faraday efficiency:99.5%),which was about four times of CeO_(2).Additionally,this study delved into the proton-coupled electron processes to further understand the mechanism of 4-NP ERR.Therefore,in this study,we have endeavored to investigate the role of tailored FLPs sites and utilize this structure-function relationship to achieve environmentalfriendly chemical synthesis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52101138,No.52201075)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2023AFB798,No.2022CFB614)+3 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220530160813032)the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU(No.SKLSP202309,No.SKLSP202308)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515011227)the State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy of Central South University(No.SklpmKF-05)。
文摘B2-CuZr phase reinforced amorphous alloy matrix composites has become one of the research hotspots in the field of materials science due to the“transformation-induced plasticity”phenomenon,which makes the composites show better macroscopic plastic deformability and obvious work-hardening behavior compared to the conventional amorphous alloy matrix composites reinforced with ductile phases.However,the in-situ metastable B2-CuZr phase tends to undergo eutectoid decomposition during solidification,and the volume fraction,size,and distribution of B2-CuZr phase are difficult to control,which limits the development and application of these materials.To date,much efforts have been made to solve the above problems through composition optimization,casting parameter tailoring,and post-processing technique.In this study,a review was given based on relevant studies,focusing on the predictive approach,reinforcing mechanism,and microstructure tailoring methods of B2-CuZr phase reinforced amorphous alloy matrix composites.The research focus and future prospects were also given for the future development of the present composite system.
文摘The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)has evolved significantly over the past century,driven by a deeper understanding of tumor biology,technological advancements,and multidisciplinary approaches.This article reviews the historical progression of LARC management,emphasizing the latest breakthroughs that are reshaping treatment paradigms.Key developments include the watch and wait strategy for patients achieving a complete clinical response after neoadjuvant therapy,the emergence of total neoadjuvant therapy as a standard approach,and the adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques,such as transanal endoscopic microsurgery.Watch and wait may reduce treatment-related morbidity and help preserve anorectal function,but it requires rigorous patient selection and close long-term surveillance to ensure oncologic safety.Additionally,the role of targeted therapies and immunotherapy is gaining prominence,offering new opportunities for personalized treatment.These innovations aim to improve oncological outcomes while minimizing morbidity and preserving organ function,ultimately enhancing patients’quality of life.Despite these advancements,challenges remain in optimizing patient selection,refining treatment strategies,and ensuring long-term safety and efficacy.A multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons,oncologists,and radiation specialists is crucial to tailoring therapies to individual patient profiles.As research continues,integrating novel therapeutic strategies will be key to further improving survival rates and reducing treatment-related morbidity in LARC patients.
基金the financial support from the Shandong Provincial Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars(Grant No ZR2024YQ020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52275349 and 52035005)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No 2022YFB4600902)the Excellent Young Team Project of Central Universities(No.2023QNTD002)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant No 2021ZLGX01)sponsored by the China/Shandong University International Postdoctoral Exchange Program.
文摘The inherent trade-off between ductility and strength in Mg alloys remains a significant challenge,primarily governed by microstructural distribution and texture characteristics.Friction stir processing(FSP),a severe plastic deformation(SPD)technique,refines microstructures by generating fine grains,uniformly dispersed fragmented particles,and a high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs),thereby facilitating superplastic forming at high strain rates and low temperatures.In the present work,a dual eccentric-pin tool(DEPT)FSP was employed to incorporate ZrO_(2) particles into a 6 mm thick AZ91D Mg alloy,leading to the formation of high volume{10-12}twins,dislocations,and β-Mg_(17)Al_(12) precipitates within the stirred zone.The microstructural evolution and mechanical behaviour of the stir zone under various process parameters were analysed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The DEPT enhanced plastic shearing and dynamic recrystallization,significantly reducing the grain size from 15.6μm to 2.35μm while promoting uniform dislocation distribution within the stir zone(SZ).Grain orientation analysis revealed a transition from basal to prismatic texture dominance(29.3% volume fraction)due to intensified radial-tangential coupling shear deformation,facilitating the activation of non-basal slip systems.The DEPT evidently improved the hardness of the SZ from 58 to 92 HV and increased tensile strength from 234 MPa to 325 MPa while maintaining an elongation of 23.8%,achieving an optimal strengthductility balance.This work presents a one-step approach for tailoring microstructural heterogeneity and enhancing mechanical properties in AZ91D/ZrO_(2) composites using the DEPT FSP technique.The method provides an effective strategy for mitigating the strength-ductility trade-off commonly observed in Mg alloys.
文摘This letter addressed the impactful study by Zhong et al,which introduced a risk prediction and stratification model for surgical adverse events following minimally invasive esophagectomy.By identifying key risk factors such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypoalbuminemia,the model demonstrated strong predictive accuracy and offered a pathway to personalized perioperative care.This correspondence highlighted the clinical significance,emphasizing its potential to optimize patient outcomes through tailored inter-ventions.Further prospective validation and application across diverse settings are essential to realize its full potential in advancing esophageal surgery practices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12441502,12122506,12204230,and 12404554)the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2024ZD0300404)+6 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2021B1515020070)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.RCYX20200714114522109)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(2024M762114)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20231727)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92165206 and 11974330)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301603)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of the ions to create phonon-mediated entangling gates and,unlike the state of the art,requires neither weakcoupling Lamb-Dicke approximation nor perturbation treatment.With the application of gradient-based optimal control,it enables finding amplitude-and phase-modulated laser control protocols that work without the Lamb-Dicke approximation,promising gate speeds on the order of microseconds comparable to the characteristic trap frequencies.Also,robustness requirements on the temperature of the ions and initial optical phase can be conveniently included to pursue high-quality fast gates against experimental imperfections.Our approach represents a step in speeding up quantum gates to achieve larger quantum circuits for quantum computation and simulation,and thus can find applications in near-future experiments.
文摘Per oral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)is rapidly emerging as the treatment of choice for achalasia cardia,but its success is marred by problematic reflux.Although symptomatic reflux rates are low and often comparable to that after laparoscopic Hellers myotomy(LHM),a high incidence of pathologic reflux has been noted after POEM.This poses a dilemma as to what is true reflux,and in determining the indications and optimal endpoints for managing post-POEM reflux.The two pertinent reasons for the difference in reflux rates between LHM and POEM are the variation in length and location of myotomy and the absence of an anti-reflux procedure in POEM.Proton pump inhibitor remains the most sought-after treatment of POEM derived reflux.Nevertheless,modifications in the procedural technique of POEM and the addition of endoscopic fundoplication can probably emerge as a game changer.This article briefly reviews the incidence,causes,controversies,predictive factors,and management strategies related to post-POEM reflux.
