The defense mechanisms induced in wild Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis)in response to herbivores are not well characterized,especially in the field.To address this knowledge gap,we established a biological model syste...The defense mechanisms induced in wild Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis)in response to herbivores are not well characterized,especially in the field.To address this knowledge gap,we established a biological model system to evaluate proteome variations in pine needles after feeding by the Chinese pine caterpillar(Dendrolimus tabulaeformis),a major natural enemy and dominant herbivore.Quantitative tandem mass tag(TMT)proteomics and bioinformatics were utilized to systematically identify differentially abundant proteins implicated in the induced defense response of Chinese pine.We validated key protein changes using parallel reaction monitoring(PRM)technology.Pathway analysis revealed that the induced defenses involved phenylpropanoid,coumarin,and flavonoid biosynthesis,among other processes.To elucidate the regulatory patterns underlying pine resistance,we determined the activities of defense enzymes and levels of physiological and biochemical compounds.In addition,the expression of upstream genes for key proteins was validated by qRT-PCR.Our results provide new molecular insights into the induced defense mechanisms in Chinese pine against this caterpillar in the field.A better understanding of these defense strategies will inform efforts to breed more-resistant pine varieties.展开更多
The level of genetic variation within a breeding population affects the effectiveness of selection strategies for genetic improvement.The relationship between genetic variation level within Pinus tabuliformis breeding...The level of genetic variation within a breeding population affects the effectiveness of selection strategies for genetic improvement.The relationship between genetic variation level within Pinus tabuliformis breeding populations and selection strategies or selection effectiveness is not fully investigated.Here,we compared the selection effectiveness of combined and individual direct selection strategies using half-and full-sib families produced from advanced-generation P.tabuliformis seed orchard as our test populations.Our results revealed that,within half-sib families,average diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height,and volume growth of superior individuals selected by the direct selection strategy were higher by 7.72%,18.56%,and 31.01%,respectively,than those selected by the combined selection strategy.Furthermore,significant differences(P<0.01)were observed between the two strategies in terms of the expected genetic gains for average tree height and volume.In contrast,within full-sib families,the differences in tree average DBH,height,and volume between the two selection strategies were relatively minor with increase of 0.17%,2.73%,and 2.21%,respectively,and no significant differences were found in the average expected genetic gains for the studied traits.Half-sib families exhibited greater phenotypic and genetic variation,resulting in improved selection efficiency with the direct selection strategy but also introduced a level of inbreeding risk.Based on genetic distance estimates using molecular markers,our comparative seed orchard design analysis showed that the Improved Adaptive Genetic Programming Algorithm(IAPGA)reduced the average inbreeding coefficient by 14.36% and 14.73% compared to sequential and random designs,respectively.In conclusion,the combination of the direct selection strategy with IAPGA seed orchard design aimed at minimizing inbreeding offered an efficient approach for establishing advanced-generation P.tabuliformis seed orchards.展开更多
We evaluated seed production in a first-gener- ation orchard of Chinese pine （Pinus tabuliformis） during the crucial transition period from first generation to advanced generations. Clones varied significantly in al...We evaluated seed production in a first-gener- ation orchard of Chinese pine （Pinus tabuliformis） during the crucial transition period from first generation to advanced generations. Clones varied significantly in all traits related to seed production. Repeatability of these traits ranged from 0 to 0.96. Seed production per ramet （SPPR）, seed producing index （SPI）, the number of relative female strobili （RFS）, the number of scales, and the num- ber of ineffective scales had comparatively high repeata- bility at 0.86, 0.87, 0.89, 0.96, and 0.91, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that SPPR was greatly influenced by RFS and by the number of full seeds per cone. Finally, we showed that SPI was the best predictor of the seed-producing ability of clones. Our findings will assist seed orchard managers in effectively predicting and improving seed production of Chinese pine seed orchards.展开更多
Biological volatile organic compounds(BVOCs) have a large influence on atmospheric environmental quality, climate change and the carbon cycle. This study assesses the composition and diurnal variation in emission rate...Biological volatile organic compounds(BVOCs) have a large influence on atmospheric environmental quality, climate change and the carbon cycle. This study assesses the composition and diurnal variation in emission rates of BVOCs from Pinus tabuliformis, using an enclosure technique. Environmental parameters(temperature and light intensity) and physiological parameters(net photosynthetic rate, P_n; stomatal conductance, g_s; intercellular CO_2 concentration, C_i; and transpiration rate, T_r) that may affect emission behavior were continuously monitored. The 10 most abundant compound groups emitted by P. tabuliformis were classified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The dominant monoterpenoid compounds emitted were α-pinene, β-myrcene, α-farnesene and limonene. The diurnal emission rate of BVOCs changed with temperature and light intensity, with dynamic analysis of BVOCs emissions revealing that their emission rates were more affected by temperature than light. The variation in monoterpene emission rates was consistent with estimates of P_n, g_s and T_r. Basal emission rates(at 30 °C,) of the main BVOCs ranged from 0.006 to 0.273 μg^(-1)/(hr g),while the basal ER standardization coefficients ranged from 0.049 to 0.144 °C^(-1). Overall, these results provide a detailed reference for the effective selection and configuration of tree species to effectively prevent and control atmospheric pollution.展开更多
Three kinds of plant growth regulators, gibberellinA 4/7 （GA 4/7 ）, 6-benzylaminopurine （BA）, and chlormequat chloride （CCC）, were evaluated for their ability to promote strobilus and cone production in a Chines...Three kinds of plant growth regulators, gibberellinA 4/7 （GA 4/7 ）, 6-benzylaminopurine （BA）, and chlormequat chloride （CCC）, were evaluated for their ability to promote strobilus and cone production in a Chinese pine （Pinus tabuliformis Carr.） clonal seed orchard. Treatments （0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg L -1 ） were applied during three periods （June- July, July-August and August-September） in 2005. Of the three plant growth regulators, GA 4/7 was the best for promoting flower and cone production. Trees sprayed with GA 4/7 （500 mg L -1 ） from June to September had significantly more female strobili and immature cones than controls and other treatments （p≤0.0001）. The best time to apply GA 4/7 was in June. BA at 500 mg L -1 significantly increased female flower and immature cone production, compared to other treatments and controls （p≤0.0001）, while promotion of male strobili was unchanged. Chlormequat chloride at 1000 mg L -1 significantly increased the number of male strobili, compared to the other treatments （p≤0.0001）. Spraying CCC at500 mg L -1 significantly increased the number of female strobili, compared to controls （p0.05）, but it had no effect on immature cone production （p0.05）. These results are important for improving seed production and seed orchard management of Chinese pine.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Program of Hebei Agricultural University,the Research on Molecular Mechanisms of Population Differentiation and Adaptation of Forest Pests and Insects under Environmental Stress(grant No.:30771739)Forest Pests and Diseases(grant No.:1528003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the study of community regulatory mechanisms of insect pest pandemics in larch plantation forests(Grant No.:32371882).
文摘The defense mechanisms induced in wild Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis)in response to herbivores are not well characterized,especially in the field.To address this knowledge gap,we established a biological model system to evaluate proteome variations in pine needles after feeding by the Chinese pine caterpillar(Dendrolimus tabulaeformis),a major natural enemy and dominant herbivore.Quantitative tandem mass tag(TMT)proteomics and bioinformatics were utilized to systematically identify differentially abundant proteins implicated in the induced defense response of Chinese pine.We validated key protein changes using parallel reaction monitoring(PRM)technology.Pathway analysis revealed that the induced defenses involved phenylpropanoid,coumarin,and flavonoid biosynthesis,among other processes.To elucidate the regulatory patterns underlying pine resistance,we determined the activities of defense enzymes and levels of physiological and biochemical compounds.In addition,the expression of upstream genes for key proteins was validated by qRT-PCR.Our results provide new molecular insights into the induced defense mechanisms in Chinese pine against this caterpillar in the field.A better understanding of these defense strategies will inform efforts to breed more-resistant pine varieties.
基金financially supported by the Biological BreedingNational Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0405806)the National Key R&D Program for the 14th Five-Year Plan in China(2022YFD2200304).
文摘The level of genetic variation within a breeding population affects the effectiveness of selection strategies for genetic improvement.The relationship between genetic variation level within Pinus tabuliformis breeding populations and selection strategies or selection effectiveness is not fully investigated.Here,we compared the selection effectiveness of combined and individual direct selection strategies using half-and full-sib families produced from advanced-generation P.tabuliformis seed orchard as our test populations.Our results revealed that,within half-sib families,average diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height,and volume growth of superior individuals selected by the direct selection strategy were higher by 7.72%,18.56%,and 31.01%,respectively,than those selected by the combined selection strategy.Furthermore,significant differences(P<0.01)were observed between the two strategies in terms of the expected genetic gains for average tree height and volume.In contrast,within full-sib families,the differences in tree average DBH,height,and volume between the two selection strategies were relatively minor with increase of 0.17%,2.73%,and 2.21%,respectively,and no significant differences were found in the average expected genetic gains for the studied traits.Half-sib families exhibited greater phenotypic and genetic variation,resulting in improved selection efficiency with the direct selection strategy but also introduced a level of inbreeding risk.Based on genetic distance estimates using molecular markers,our comparative seed orchard design analysis showed that the Improved Adaptive Genetic Programming Algorithm(IAPGA)reduced the average inbreeding coefficient by 14.36% and 14.73% compared to sequential and random designs,respectively.In conclusion,the combination of the direct selection strategy with IAPGA seed orchard design aimed at minimizing inbreeding offered an efficient approach for establishing advanced-generation P.tabuliformis seed orchards.
基金supported by ‘‘the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2015ZCQ-SW-02)’’ and ‘‘Special Fund for Forestry Scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201104022)’’
文摘We evaluated seed production in a first-gener- ation orchard of Chinese pine （Pinus tabuliformis） during the crucial transition period from first generation to advanced generations. Clones varied significantly in all traits related to seed production. Repeatability of these traits ranged from 0 to 0.96. Seed production per ramet （SPPR）, seed producing index （SPI）, the number of relative female strobili （RFS）, the number of scales, and the num- ber of ineffective scales had comparatively high repeata- bility at 0.86, 0.87, 0.89, 0.96, and 0.91, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that SPPR was greatly influenced by RFS and by the number of full seeds per cone. Finally, we showed that SPI was the best predictor of the seed-producing ability of clones. Our findings will assist seed orchard managers in effectively predicting and improving seed production of Chinese pine seed orchards.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31800377,31470638)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0501704)+2 种基金the National Science and Technology Program of China(No.2015BAD07B0502)the National Key Research the Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees(No.PXM2016014207000038)the Special Foundation for Beijing Common Construction Project
文摘Biological volatile organic compounds(BVOCs) have a large influence on atmospheric environmental quality, climate change and the carbon cycle. This study assesses the composition and diurnal variation in emission rates of BVOCs from Pinus tabuliformis, using an enclosure technique. Environmental parameters(temperature and light intensity) and physiological parameters(net photosynthetic rate, P_n; stomatal conductance, g_s; intercellular CO_2 concentration, C_i; and transpiration rate, T_r) that may affect emission behavior were continuously monitored. The 10 most abundant compound groups emitted by P. tabuliformis were classified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The dominant monoterpenoid compounds emitted were α-pinene, β-myrcene, α-farnesene and limonene. The diurnal emission rate of BVOCs changed with temperature and light intensity, with dynamic analysis of BVOCs emissions revealing that their emission rates were more affected by temperature than light. The variation in monoterpene emission rates was consistent with estimates of P_n, g_s and T_r. Basal emission rates(at 30 °C,) of the main BVOCs ranged from 0.006 to 0.273 μg^(-1)/(hr g),while the basal ER standardization coefficients ranged from 0.049 to 0.144 °C^(-1). Overall, these results provide a detailed reference for the effective selection and configuration of tree species to effectively prevent and control atmospheric pollution.
基金Partial funding for this research was provided by The State Forestry Administration of China(No.2006-85)
文摘Three kinds of plant growth regulators, gibberellinA 4/7 （GA 4/7 ）, 6-benzylaminopurine （BA）, and chlormequat chloride （CCC）, were evaluated for their ability to promote strobilus and cone production in a Chinese pine （Pinus tabuliformis Carr.） clonal seed orchard. Treatments （0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg L -1 ） were applied during three periods （June- July, July-August and August-September） in 2005. Of the three plant growth regulators, GA 4/7 was the best for promoting flower and cone production. Trees sprayed with GA 4/7 （500 mg L -1 ） from June to September had significantly more female strobili and immature cones than controls and other treatments （p≤0.0001）. The best time to apply GA 4/7 was in June. BA at 500 mg L -1 significantly increased female flower and immature cone production, compared to other treatments and controls （p≤0.0001）, while promotion of male strobili was unchanged. Chlormequat chloride at 1000 mg L -1 significantly increased the number of male strobili, compared to the other treatments （p≤0.0001）. Spraying CCC at500 mg L -1 significantly increased the number of female strobili, compared to controls （p0.05）, but it had no effect on immature cone production （p0.05）. These results are important for improving seed production and seed orchard management of Chinese pine.
