The immune system is a complex protective network that is tightly controlled to protect and defend the host.Inflammation is a precisely regulated response that is crucial for host defense,while dysregulation can lead ...The immune system is a complex protective network that is tightly controlled to protect and defend the host.Inflammation is a precisely regulated response that is crucial for host defense,while dysregulation can lead to tissue damage and systemic diseases.Defining the mechanisms that initiate,amplify,and resolve inflammation is crucial for understanding our complex immune system.The inflammasome,a multiprotein complex that functions as a sensor,plays a key role in regulating this inflammatory response.Inflammasomes act as molecular platforms that integrate upstream danger signals,catalyze the activation of caspase-1,and drive the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1βand IL-18.These inflammatory cytokines are released through pyroptosis,a lytic form of programmed cell death that eliminates infected or damaged cells while simultaneously propagating inflammation through the release of cytokines or chemokines[1].展开更多
Two new thiohalides Pb_(3)GeS_(4)Br_(2) and Pb_(3.5)GeS_(4)Br_(3) have been synthesized by introducing Pb^(2+)into the thiogermanate system.The compounds crystallize in centrosymmetric P2_(1)/c(Pb_(3)GeS_(4)Br_(2))and...Two new thiohalides Pb_(3)GeS_(4)Br_(2) and Pb_(3.5)GeS_(4)Br_(3) have been synthesized by introducing Pb^(2+)into the thiogermanate system.The compounds crystallize in centrosymmetric P2_(1)/c(Pb_(3)GeS_(4)Br_(2))and noncentrosymmetric P63(Pb_(3.5)GeS_(4)Br_(3))space groups,respectively.To the best of our knowledge,Pb_(3)GeS_(4)Br_(2) and Pb_(3.5)GeS_(4)Br_(3) are the first Pb-containing thiogermanate halides,and the latter is the first phase-matching IR nonlinear optical material in the thiogermanate halide system.Due to the presence of Pb^(2+)with stereochemically active lone pair electrons,Pb_(3)GeS_(4)Br_(2) exhibits a strong optical anisotropy with a birefringence of 0.131@1064 nm,while Pb_(3.5)GeS_(4)Br_(3) shows a large second-harmonic generation response(0.8×AgGaS_(2))and high laser-induced damage threshold(3.0×AgGaS_(2)).These results enrich the structural and chemical diversity of chalcohalides.展开更多
We combined a 3D graphene foam network with a ZnO NRs array and further introduced this mixeddimensional heterostructure into a PEC biosensing system.The 3D graphene served as a conductive matrix and provided an extra...We combined a 3D graphene foam network with a ZnO NRs array and further introduced this mixeddimensional heterostructure into a PEC biosensing system.The 3D graphene served as a conductive matrix and provided an extra-large spatial surface area for more effective synthesis of ZnO NRs,while the ZnO NRs array functioned as a photoactive material to generate charge carriers and provided reaction sites at the surface for glutathione(GSH)oxidation.展开更多
In this work,silver(Ag)nanocubes with different sizes were rapidly synthesized with a modified HClbased polyol approach by employing carbamide(CO(NH_(2))_(2))as the additive or promoter,which could shorten the reactio...In this work,silver(Ag)nanocubes with different sizes were rapidly synthesized with a modified HClbased polyol approach by employing carbamide(CO(NH_(2))_(2))as the additive or promoter,which could shorten the reaction time from about 25 h to less than 4 h and the method could be confirmed as facile and robust.In the reaction system,the NH3 molecules play the role of aggregating Ag^(+)and[Ag(NH_(3))_(2)]^(+)could gradually release Ag^(+),which in turn results in formation of a more homogeneous product in a short time(50 min-4 h).Some factors affecting the synthesis including the concentration,reaction time and agitator speed have also been investigated,which could be adjusted to control the size,morphology,purity and uniformity of the Ag nanocubes.A mechanism for the rapid synthesis of the Ag nanocubes was proposed.To overcome the lower repeatability of reported methods,we have supplied a robust method to synthesize Ag nanocubes and this procedure may provide a useful guide for the future synthesis of Ag or other metal nanoparticles.The transmittance properties of the different Ag nanocubes have also been detected,which demonstrated that the transmittance of the Au film coupled with the Ag nanocubes is very sensitive to not only the size of the Ag nanocubes but also the thickness of the polyelectrolyte molecular spacer layers.展开更多
Combining the high catalytic activity of polyoxometalates(POMs)and the near-infrared(NIR)photothermal property of gold nanorods(AuNRs),POM-modified AuNR composites were synthesized by ligand replacement and electrosta...Combining the high catalytic activity of polyoxometalates(POMs)and the near-infrared(NIR)photothermal property of gold nanorods(AuNRs),POM-modified AuNR composites were synthesized by ligand replacement and electrostatic adsorption.Such a combination has led to a type of unique plasmonenhanced photothermal transformation catalysts for the selective oxidation of thioether derivatives in an aqueous system.The designed POM-modified AuNRs allowed the catalytic reaction to occur on the surface of the photothermal center.Under NIR laser irradiation,the higher local temperature caused by the photothermal conversion greatly improved the catalytic activity of the catalyst compared to external heating.The observed kinetic constant under photothermal conditions was more than five times that under external heating conditions.Moreover,these catalysts,which show structural stability and catalytic stability under NIR photothermal environment can not only maintain a high photothermal conversion efficiency but also can sustain the original catalytic activity even after 10 catalytic cycles.展开更多
Since the controlled release of drug molecules under external stimuli is an essential strategy for effective tumor therapy,herein a redox-responsive drug delivery system(Ag-SS-MC)has been fabricated successfully throu...Since the controlled release of drug molecules under external stimuli is an essential strategy for effective tumor therapy,herein a redox-responsive drug delivery system(Ag-SS-MC)has been fabricated successfully through the modification of disulfide bonds on coordination polymer derived mesoporous carbon nanoparticles(MC)with nanoscale Ag as the“cap”.In this drug delivery system,the Ag“caps”are fastened on a disulfide linker tightly,which blocks the pores of MC and impedes unexpected leakage of loaded doxorubicin(DOX).This drug delivery system exhibits a striking DOX loading property,with loading ratio as high as 20.6%.Ag-SS-MC remains stable under normal physiological conditions,but the loaded DOX begins to be released in the presence of a reducing agent,glutathione(GSH),which is caused by reductive breaking of disulfide bonds.MTT assays show that,after incubation with the human cervical cancer cell line(HeLa)for 24 h,the cytotoxicity of blank Ag-SS-MC carriers can almost be ignored.In contrast,under the same conditions,the DOX loaded drug carrier system possesses high antitumor activity.Ag-SS-MC exhibits superior drug loading,high extracellular stability,redox-responsive intracellular drug release and excellent biocompatibility;all these characteristics make it a promising drug delivery system for tumor therapy.展开更多
A hybrid quantum model is introduced for low-energy ion/atom-hydrogen collisions.The model integrates ab initio calculations for low-lying states with asymptotic fitting for highly excited states,enabling fully quantu...A hybrid quantum model is introduced for low-energy ion/atom-hydrogen collisions.The model integrates ab initio calculations for low-lying states with asymptotic fitting for highly excited states,enabling fully quantum mechanical dynamics calculations that capture radial and rotational couplings across all internuclear distances,thereby addressing limitations of Landau-Zener models,which neglect short-range nonadiabatic interactions.Applied to the NaH system,the results for both mutual neutralization and excitation processes align well with fully quantum mechanical benchmarks for dominant channels.The analysis reveals the dominance of long-range ioniccovalent interactions for large cross sections and the significant influence of rotational coupling above 10 e V/u.Furthermore,discrepancies in weak excitation channels highlight the critical role of short-range non-adjacent couplings,which are often neglected in simplified models.This framework provides a robust tool for astrophysical non-local thermodynamic equilibrium modeling,thereby improving the accuracy of stellar abundance analyses.展开更多
Immune system plays a crucial role in the physiological and pathological regulation of the cardiovascular system.The exploration history and milestones of immune system in cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)have evolved fro...Immune system plays a crucial role in the physiological and pathological regulation of the cardiovascular system.The exploration history and milestones of immune system in cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)have evolved from the initial discovery of chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis to large-scale clinical studies confirming the importance of anti-inflammatory therapy in treating CVDs.This progress has been facilitated by advancements in various technological approaches,including multi-omics analysis(single-cell sequencing,spatial transcriptome et al.)and significant improvements in immunotherapy techniques such as chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell therapy.Both innate and adaptive immunity holds a pivotal role in CVDs,involving Toll-like receptor(TLR)signaling pathway,nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2(NOD1/2)signaling pathway,inflammasome signaling pathway,RNA and DNA sensing signaling pathway,as well as antibody-mediated and complementdependent systems.Meanwhile,immune responses are simultaneously regulated by multi-level regulations in CVDs,including epigenetics(DNA,RNA,protein)and other key signaling pathways in CVDs,interactions among immune cells,and interactions between immune and cardiac or vascular cells.Remarkably,based on the progress in basic research on immune responses in the cardiovascular system,significant advancements have also been made in pre-clinical and clinical studies of immunotherapy.This review provides an overview of the role of immune system in the cardiovascular system,providing in-depth insights into the physiological and pathological regulation of immune responses in various CVDs,highlighting the impact of multi-level regulation of immune responses in CVDs.Finally,we also discuss pre-clinical and clinical strategies targeting the immune system and translational implications in CVDs.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:The haptic sense captures information arising from the somatosensory system-the sensor system of the body excluding the eyes,ears,nose,and tongue.That is,it captures stimuli arising from the skin(i.e.,touch...CONSPECTUS:The haptic sense captures information arising from the somatosensory system-the sensor system of the body excluding the eyes,ears,nose,and tongue.That is,it captures stimuli arising from the skin(i.e.,touch)and from internal structures(i.e.,the musculoskeletal system and internal organs).The field of research called haptics is concerned with understanding and manipulating this sense,often using engineered technology,and usually for creating novel or realistic touch sensations.Fundamental to every tactile interaction is an interface between the skin and a material.Given that essentially all material objects are composed of or covered in organic media,we reasoned that we,as organic materials scientists,might be able to contribute to the understanding of the sense of touch by manipulating material properties on the molecular scale.Over time,our research group acquired additional skills in electrical engineering and developed strong collaborations with cognitive and behavioral scientists.With a shared curiosity about the sense of touch,we made what we believe are original contributions to the field of haptics.展开更多
Developing a portable yet affordable method for the discrimination of chemical substances with good sensitivity and selectivity is essential for on-site visual detection of unknown substances.Herein,we propose an opto...Developing a portable yet affordable method for the discrimination of chemical substances with good sensitivity and selectivity is essential for on-site visual detection of unknown substances.Herein,we propose an optofluidic paper-based analytical device(PAD)that consists of a macromolecule-driven flow(MDF)gate and photonic crystal(PhC)coding units,enabling portable and scalable detection and discrimination of various organic chemical,mimicking the olfactory system.The MDF gate is designed for precise flow control of liquid analytes,which depends on intermolecular interactions between the polymer at the MDF gate and the liquid analytes.Subsequently,the PhC coding unit allows for visualizing the result obtained from the MDF gate and generating differential optical patterns.We fabricate an optofluidic PAD by integrating two coding units into a three-dimensional(3D)microfluidic paper within a 3D-printed cartridge.The optofluidic PADs clearly distinguish 11 organic chemicals with digital readout of pattern recognition from colorimetric signals.We believe that our optofluidic coding strategy mimicking the olfactory system opens up a wide range of potential applications in colorimetric monitoring of chemicals observed in environment.展开更多
A quantized Hall conductance(not conductivity)in three dimensions has been searched for more than 30 years.Here we explore it in 3D topological nodal-ring semimetals,by employing a minimal model describing the essenti...A quantized Hall conductance(not conductivity)in three dimensions has been searched for more than 30 years.Here we explore it in 3D topological nodal-ring semimetals,by employing a minimal model describing the essential physics.In particular,the bulk topology can be captured by a momentum-dependent winding number,which confines the drumhead surface states in a specific momentum region.This confinement leads to a surface quantum Hall conductance in a specific energy window in this 3D system.The winding number for the drumhead surface states and Chern number for their quantum Hall effect form a two-fold topological hierarchy.We demonstrate the one-to-one correspondence between the momentum-dependent winding number and wavefunction of the drumhead surface states.More importantly,we stress that breaking chiral symmetry is necessary for the quantum Hall effect of the drumhead surface states.The analytic theory can be verified numerically by the Kubo formula for the Hall conductance.We propose an experimental setup to distinguish the surface and bulk quantum Hall effects.The theory will be useful for ongoing explorations on nodal-ring semimetals.展开更多
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(2022R1C1C1007544,2024M3A9H5043152 to S.L.)a grant from the Korea Drug Development Fund funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT+7 种基金the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energythe Ministry of Health and Welfare(RS-2025--02222987 to S.L.)a grant from the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea,under the Korea Health Technology R&D Project(RS-2022--KH128422(HV22C015600)to S.L.)the Institute for Basic Science(IBS),Republic of Korea(IBS-R801--D9-A09,IBS-R801-D1-2025-a02 to S.L.)supported by the Circle Foundation(Republic of Korea)through the selection of the UNIST Pandemic Treatment Research Center as the 2023 Circle Foundation Innovative Science Technology Center(2023 TCF Innovative Science Project-01 to S.L.)Additionally,this study received funding from the Republic of Korea’s National Institute of Health(Project No.#2025ER160200,#2025ER240100 to S.L.)Additional support was provided by research funds from the Ulsan National Institute of Science&Technology(UNIST)(1.220112.01,1.220107.01 to S.L.)a grant from Yuhan Corporation(S.L.).
文摘The immune system is a complex protective network that is tightly controlled to protect and defend the host.Inflammation is a precisely regulated response that is crucial for host defense,while dysregulation can lead to tissue damage and systemic diseases.Defining the mechanisms that initiate,amplify,and resolve inflammation is crucial for understanding our complex immune system.The inflammasome,a multiprotein complex that functions as a sensor,plays a key role in regulating this inflammatory response.Inflammasomes act as molecular platforms that integrate upstream danger signals,catalyze the activation of caspase-1,and drive the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1βand IL-18.These inflammatory cytokines are released through pyroptosis,a lytic form of programmed cell death that eliminates infected or damaged cells while simultaneously propagating inflammation through the release of cytokines or chemokines[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61835014 and 51972336)the Xinjiang Tianshan Talent Program(2022TSYCTD0005)the Scientific Foundation of Binzhou Medical University(No.50012304488).
文摘Two new thiohalides Pb_(3)GeS_(4)Br_(2) and Pb_(3.5)GeS_(4)Br_(3) have been synthesized by introducing Pb^(2+)into the thiogermanate system.The compounds crystallize in centrosymmetric P2_(1)/c(Pb_(3)GeS_(4)Br_(2))and noncentrosymmetric P63(Pb_(3.5)GeS_(4)Br_(3))space groups,respectively.To the best of our knowledge,Pb_(3)GeS_(4)Br_(2) and Pb_(3.5)GeS_(4)Br_(3) are the first Pb-containing thiogermanate halides,and the latter is the first phase-matching IR nonlinear optical material in the thiogermanate halide system.Due to the presence of Pb^(2+)with stereochemically active lone pair electrons,Pb_(3)GeS_(4)Br_(2) exhibits a strong optical anisotropy with a birefringence of 0.131@1064 nm,while Pb_(3.5)GeS_(4)Br_(3) shows a large second-harmonic generation response(0.8×AgGaS_(2))and high laser-induced damage threshold(3.0×AgGaS_(2)).These results enrich the structural and chemical diversity of chalcohalides.
基金supported by the National Major Research Program of China(No.2013CB932602)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0202701)+4 种基金Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation(B14003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51702014,51527802,51232001,51372020 and 51602020)the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z151100003315021)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2016 M600039)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-16-031A1).
文摘We combined a 3D graphene foam network with a ZnO NRs array and further introduced this mixeddimensional heterostructure into a PEC biosensing system.The 3D graphene served as a conductive matrix and provided an extra-large spatial surface area for more effective synthesis of ZnO NRs,while the ZnO NRs array functioned as a photoactive material to generate charge carriers and provided reaction sites at the surface for glutathione(GSH)oxidation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC no.21471103,21471100,51002180,21001074,20731002,20871016,10876002,91022006 and 20973023)the 111 Project(B07012)+1 种基金the Project of Excellent Talents of Beijing(203135407707)the Scientific Research Base Development Program of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education.
文摘In this work,silver(Ag)nanocubes with different sizes were rapidly synthesized with a modified HClbased polyol approach by employing carbamide(CO(NH_(2))_(2))as the additive or promoter,which could shorten the reaction time from about 25 h to less than 4 h and the method could be confirmed as facile and robust.In the reaction system,the NH3 molecules play the role of aggregating Ag^(+)and[Ag(NH_(3))_(2)]^(+)could gradually release Ag^(+),which in turn results in formation of a more homogeneous product in a short time(50 min-4 h).Some factors affecting the synthesis including the concentration,reaction time and agitator speed have also been investigated,which could be adjusted to control the size,morphology,purity and uniformity of the Ag nanocubes.A mechanism for the rapid synthesis of the Ag nanocubes was proposed.To overcome the lower repeatability of reported methods,we have supplied a robust method to synthesize Ag nanocubes and this procedure may provide a useful guide for the future synthesis of Ag or other metal nanoparticles.The transmittance properties of the different Ag nanocubes have also been detected,which demonstrated that the transmittance of the Au film coupled with the Ag nanocubes is very sensitive to not only the size of the Ag nanocubes but also the thickness of the polyelectrolyte molecular spacer layers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91961117)the Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(2017TD–10)。
文摘Combining the high catalytic activity of polyoxometalates(POMs)and the near-infrared(NIR)photothermal property of gold nanorods(AuNRs),POM-modified AuNR composites were synthesized by ligand replacement and electrostatic adsorption.Such a combination has led to a type of unique plasmonenhanced photothermal transformation catalysts for the selective oxidation of thioether derivatives in an aqueous system.The designed POM-modified AuNRs allowed the catalytic reaction to occur on the surface of the photothermal center.Under NIR laser irradiation,the higher local temperature caused by the photothermal conversion greatly improved the catalytic activity of the catalyst compared to external heating.The observed kinetic constant under photothermal conditions was more than five times that under external heating conditions.Moreover,these catalysts,which show structural stability and catalytic stability under NIR photothermal environment can not only maintain a high photothermal conversion efficiency but also can sustain the original catalytic activity even after 10 catalytic cycles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21303010,21673035,and 21571132)the Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education.
文摘Since the controlled release of drug molecules under external stimuli is an essential strategy for effective tumor therapy,herein a redox-responsive drug delivery system(Ag-SS-MC)has been fabricated successfully through the modification of disulfide bonds on coordination polymer derived mesoporous carbon nanoparticles(MC)with nanoscale Ag as the“cap”.In this drug delivery system,the Ag“caps”are fastened on a disulfide linker tightly,which blocks the pores of MC and impedes unexpected leakage of loaded doxorubicin(DOX).This drug delivery system exhibits a striking DOX loading property,with loading ratio as high as 20.6%.Ag-SS-MC remains stable under normal physiological conditions,but the loaded DOX begins to be released in the presence of a reducing agent,glutathione(GSH),which is caused by reductive breaking of disulfide bonds.MTT assays show that,after incubation with the human cervical cancer cell line(HeLa)for 24 h,the cytotoxicity of blank Ag-SS-MC carriers can almost be ignored.In contrast,under the same conditions,the DOX loaded drug carrier system possesses high antitumor activity.Ag-SS-MC exhibits superior drug loading,high extracellular stability,redox-responsive intracellular drug release and excellent biocompatibility;all these characteristics make it a promising drug delivery system for tumor therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274040,12504297,12204288,12304279,and 62475182)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1602504)+5 种基金the Shanxi Province Scientific Research Initial Funding(Grant No.20252011)the Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Scientific Research Initial Funding(Grant No.20242149)the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202304051001034)the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(Grant Nos.202402150301012 and 202402130501005)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Shanxi Province(YDZJSX2025C026)supported by an internal grant of Herzen University(Project No.46-VG)。
文摘A hybrid quantum model is introduced for low-energy ion/atom-hydrogen collisions.The model integrates ab initio calculations for low-lying states with asymptotic fitting for highly excited states,enabling fully quantum mechanical dynamics calculations that capture radial and rotational couplings across all internuclear distances,thereby addressing limitations of Landau-Zener models,which neglect short-range nonadiabatic interactions.Applied to the NaH system,the results for both mutual neutralization and excitation processes align well with fully quantum mechanical benchmarks for dominant channels.The analysis reveals the dominance of long-range ioniccovalent interactions for large cross sections and the significant influence of rotational coupling above 10 e V/u.Furthermore,discrepancies in weak excitation channels highlight the critical role of short-range non-adjacent couplings,which are often neglected in simplified models.This framework provides a robust tool for astrophysical non-local thermodynamic equilibrium modeling,thereby improving the accuracy of stellar abundance analyses.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(82230009,82430016,82000267)National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1800601)+1 种基金Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0503203)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20230505).
文摘Immune system plays a crucial role in the physiological and pathological regulation of the cardiovascular system.The exploration history and milestones of immune system in cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)have evolved from the initial discovery of chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis to large-scale clinical studies confirming the importance of anti-inflammatory therapy in treating CVDs.This progress has been facilitated by advancements in various technological approaches,including multi-omics analysis(single-cell sequencing,spatial transcriptome et al.)and significant improvements in immunotherapy techniques such as chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell therapy.Both innate and adaptive immunity holds a pivotal role in CVDs,involving Toll-like receptor(TLR)signaling pathway,nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2(NOD1/2)signaling pathway,inflammasome signaling pathway,RNA and DNA sensing signaling pathway,as well as antibody-mediated and complementdependent systems.Meanwhile,immune responses are simultaneously regulated by multi-level regulations in CVDs,including epigenetics(DNA,RNA,protein)and other key signaling pathways in CVDs,interactions among immune cells,and interactions between immune and cardiac or vascular cells.Remarkably,based on the progress in basic research on immune responses in the cardiovascular system,significant advancements have also been made in pre-clinical and clinical studies of immunotherapy.This review provides an overview of the role of immune system in the cardiovascular system,providing in-depth insights into the physiological and pathological regulation of immune responses in various CVDs,highlighting the impact of multi-level regulation of immune responses in CVDs.Finally,we also discuss pre-clinical and clinical strategies targeting the immune system and translational implications in CVDs.
基金support provided by National Science Foundation BRITE-Pivot program under award number CMMI-2135428the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant DGE-2038238+1 种基金the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists(ARCS)Foundation.Authors N.B.R.and R.R.acknowledge support from the Dutch Research Council(NWO)under Grant 406.21.GO.021supported in part by the NSF through the UC San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Center(DMR 2011924).
文摘CONSPECTUS:The haptic sense captures information arising from the somatosensory system-the sensor system of the body excluding the eyes,ears,nose,and tongue.That is,it captures stimuli arising from the skin(i.e.,touch)and from internal structures(i.e.,the musculoskeletal system and internal organs).The field of research called haptics is concerned with understanding and manipulating this sense,often using engineered technology,and usually for creating novel or realistic touch sensations.Fundamental to every tactile interaction is an interface between the skin and a material.Given that essentially all material objects are composed of or covered in organic media,we reasoned that we,as organic materials scientists,might be able to contribute to the understanding of the sense of touch by manipulating material properties on the molecular scale.Over time,our research group acquired additional skills in electrical engineering and developed strong collaborations with cognitive and behavioral scientists.With a shared curiosity about the sense of touch,we made what we believe are original contributions to the field of haptics.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Korea Government(NRF-2020R1C1C1005505 and NRF-2022R1F1A106519512).
文摘Developing a portable yet affordable method for the discrimination of chemical substances with good sensitivity and selectivity is essential for on-site visual detection of unknown substances.Herein,we propose an optofluidic paper-based analytical device(PAD)that consists of a macromolecule-driven flow(MDF)gate and photonic crystal(PhC)coding units,enabling portable and scalable detection and discrimination of various organic chemical,mimicking the olfactory system.The MDF gate is designed for precise flow control of liquid analytes,which depends on intermolecular interactions between the polymer at the MDF gate and the liquid analytes.Subsequently,the PhC coding unit allows for visualizing the result obtained from the MDF gate and generating differential optical patterns.We fabricate an optofluidic PAD by integrating two coding units into a three-dimensional(3D)microfluidic paper within a 3D-printed cartridge.The optofluidic PADs clearly distinguish 11 organic chemicals with digital readout of pattern recognition from colorimetric signals.We believe that our optofluidic coding strategy mimicking the olfactory system opens up a wide range of potential applications in colorimetric monitoring of chemicals observed in environment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1403700)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0302400)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11925402,11534001,and 11974249)Guangdong province(2020KCXTD001 and 2016ZT06D348)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(19ZR1437300)supported by Center for Computational Science and Engineering of SUSTech.
文摘A quantized Hall conductance(not conductivity)in three dimensions has been searched for more than 30 years.Here we explore it in 3D topological nodal-ring semimetals,by employing a minimal model describing the essential physics.In particular,the bulk topology can be captured by a momentum-dependent winding number,which confines the drumhead surface states in a specific momentum region.This confinement leads to a surface quantum Hall conductance in a specific energy window in this 3D system.The winding number for the drumhead surface states and Chern number for their quantum Hall effect form a two-fold topological hierarchy.We demonstrate the one-to-one correspondence between the momentum-dependent winding number and wavefunction of the drumhead surface states.More importantly,we stress that breaking chiral symmetry is necessary for the quantum Hall effect of the drumhead surface states.The analytic theory can be verified numerically by the Kubo formula for the Hall conductance.We propose an experimental setup to distinguish the surface and bulk quantum Hall effects.The theory will be useful for ongoing explorations on nodal-ring semimetals.
