Immune system plays a crucial role in the physiological and pathological regulation of the cardiovascular system.The exploration history and milestones of immune system in cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)have evolved fro...Immune system plays a crucial role in the physiological and pathological regulation of the cardiovascular system.The exploration history and milestones of immune system in cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)have evolved from the initial discovery of chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis to large-scale clinical studies confirming the importance of anti-inflammatory therapy in treating CVDs.This progress has been facilitated by advancements in various technological approaches,including multi-omics analysis(single-cell sequencing,spatial transcriptome et al.)and significant improvements in immunotherapy techniques such as chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell therapy.Both innate and adaptive immunity holds a pivotal role in CVDs,involving Toll-like receptor(TLR)signaling pathway,nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2(NOD1/2)signaling pathway,inflammasome signaling pathway,RNA and DNA sensing signaling pathway,as well as antibody-mediated and complementdependent systems.Meanwhile,immune responses are simultaneously regulated by multi-level regulations in CVDs,including epigenetics(DNA,RNA,protein)and other key signaling pathways in CVDs,interactions among immune cells,and interactions between immune and cardiac or vascular cells.Remarkably,based on the progress in basic research on immune responses in the cardiovascular system,significant advancements have also been made in pre-clinical and clinical studies of immunotherapy.This review provides an overview of the role of immune system in the cardiovascular system,providing in-depth insights into the physiological and pathological regulation of immune responses in various CVDs,highlighting the impact of multi-level regulation of immune responses in CVDs.Finally,we also discuss pre-clinical and clinical strategies targeting the immune system and translational implications in CVDs.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:The haptic sense captures information arising from the somatosensory system-the sensor system of the body excluding the eyes,ears,nose,and tongue.That is,it captures stimuli arising from the skin(i.e.,touch...CONSPECTUS:The haptic sense captures information arising from the somatosensory system-the sensor system of the body excluding the eyes,ears,nose,and tongue.That is,it captures stimuli arising from the skin(i.e.,touch)and from internal structures(i.e.,the musculoskeletal system and internal organs).The field of research called haptics is concerned with understanding and manipulating this sense,often using engineered technology,and usually for creating novel or realistic touch sensations.Fundamental to every tactile interaction is an interface between the skin and a material.Given that essentially all material objects are composed of or covered in organic media,we reasoned that we,as organic materials scientists,might be able to contribute to the understanding of the sense of touch by manipulating material properties on the molecular scale.Over time,our research group acquired additional skills in electrical engineering and developed strong collaborations with cognitive and behavioral scientists.With a shared curiosity about the sense of touch,we made what we believe are original contributions to the field of haptics.展开更多
Developing a portable yet affordable method for the discrimination of chemical substances with good sensitivity and selectivity is essential for on-site visual detection of unknown substances.Herein,we propose an opto...Developing a portable yet affordable method for the discrimination of chemical substances with good sensitivity and selectivity is essential for on-site visual detection of unknown substances.Herein,we propose an optofluidic paper-based analytical device(PAD)that consists of a macromolecule-driven flow(MDF)gate and photonic crystal(PhC)coding units,enabling portable and scalable detection and discrimination of various organic chemical,mimicking the olfactory system.The MDF gate is designed for precise flow control of liquid analytes,which depends on intermolecular interactions between the polymer at the MDF gate and the liquid analytes.Subsequently,the PhC coding unit allows for visualizing the result obtained from the MDF gate and generating differential optical patterns.We fabricate an optofluidic PAD by integrating two coding units into a three-dimensional(3D)microfluidic paper within a 3D-printed cartridge.The optofluidic PADs clearly distinguish 11 organic chemicals with digital readout of pattern recognition from colorimetric signals.We believe that our optofluidic coding strategy mimicking the olfactory system opens up a wide range of potential applications in colorimetric monitoring of chemicals observed in environment.展开更多
A quantized Hall conductance(not conductivity)in three dimensions has been searched for more than 30 years.Here we explore it in 3D topological nodal-ring semimetals,by employing a minimal model describing the essenti...A quantized Hall conductance(not conductivity)in three dimensions has been searched for more than 30 years.Here we explore it in 3D topological nodal-ring semimetals,by employing a minimal model describing the essential physics.In particular,the bulk topology can be captured by a momentum-dependent winding number,which confines the drumhead surface states in a specific momentum region.This confinement leads to a surface quantum Hall conductance in a specific energy window in this 3D system.The winding number for the drumhead surface states and Chern number for their quantum Hall effect form a two-fold topological hierarchy.We demonstrate the one-to-one correspondence between the momentum-dependent winding number and wavefunction of the drumhead surface states.More importantly,we stress that breaking chiral symmetry is necessary for the quantum Hall effect of the drumhead surface states.The analytic theory can be verified numerically by the Kubo formula for the Hall conductance.We propose an experimental setup to distinguish the surface and bulk quantum Hall effects.The theory will be useful for ongoing explorations on nodal-ring semimetals.展开更多
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(82230009,82430016,82000267)National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1800601)+1 种基金Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0503203)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20230505).
文摘Immune system plays a crucial role in the physiological and pathological regulation of the cardiovascular system.The exploration history and milestones of immune system in cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)have evolved from the initial discovery of chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis to large-scale clinical studies confirming the importance of anti-inflammatory therapy in treating CVDs.This progress has been facilitated by advancements in various technological approaches,including multi-omics analysis(single-cell sequencing,spatial transcriptome et al.)and significant improvements in immunotherapy techniques such as chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell therapy.Both innate and adaptive immunity holds a pivotal role in CVDs,involving Toll-like receptor(TLR)signaling pathway,nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2(NOD1/2)signaling pathway,inflammasome signaling pathway,RNA and DNA sensing signaling pathway,as well as antibody-mediated and complementdependent systems.Meanwhile,immune responses are simultaneously regulated by multi-level regulations in CVDs,including epigenetics(DNA,RNA,protein)and other key signaling pathways in CVDs,interactions among immune cells,and interactions between immune and cardiac or vascular cells.Remarkably,based on the progress in basic research on immune responses in the cardiovascular system,significant advancements have also been made in pre-clinical and clinical studies of immunotherapy.This review provides an overview of the role of immune system in the cardiovascular system,providing in-depth insights into the physiological and pathological regulation of immune responses in various CVDs,highlighting the impact of multi-level regulation of immune responses in CVDs.Finally,we also discuss pre-clinical and clinical strategies targeting the immune system and translational implications in CVDs.
基金support provided by National Science Foundation BRITE-Pivot program under award number CMMI-2135428the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant DGE-2038238+1 种基金the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists(ARCS)Foundation.Authors N.B.R.and R.R.acknowledge support from the Dutch Research Council(NWO)under Grant 406.21.GO.021supported in part by the NSF through the UC San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Center(DMR 2011924).
文摘CONSPECTUS:The haptic sense captures information arising from the somatosensory system-the sensor system of the body excluding the eyes,ears,nose,and tongue.That is,it captures stimuli arising from the skin(i.e.,touch)and from internal structures(i.e.,the musculoskeletal system and internal organs).The field of research called haptics is concerned with understanding and manipulating this sense,often using engineered technology,and usually for creating novel or realistic touch sensations.Fundamental to every tactile interaction is an interface between the skin and a material.Given that essentially all material objects are composed of or covered in organic media,we reasoned that we,as organic materials scientists,might be able to contribute to the understanding of the sense of touch by manipulating material properties on the molecular scale.Over time,our research group acquired additional skills in electrical engineering and developed strong collaborations with cognitive and behavioral scientists.With a shared curiosity about the sense of touch,we made what we believe are original contributions to the field of haptics.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Korea Government(NRF-2020R1C1C1005505 and NRF-2022R1F1A106519512).
文摘Developing a portable yet affordable method for the discrimination of chemical substances with good sensitivity and selectivity is essential for on-site visual detection of unknown substances.Herein,we propose an optofluidic paper-based analytical device(PAD)that consists of a macromolecule-driven flow(MDF)gate and photonic crystal(PhC)coding units,enabling portable and scalable detection and discrimination of various organic chemical,mimicking the olfactory system.The MDF gate is designed for precise flow control of liquid analytes,which depends on intermolecular interactions between the polymer at the MDF gate and the liquid analytes.Subsequently,the PhC coding unit allows for visualizing the result obtained from the MDF gate and generating differential optical patterns.We fabricate an optofluidic PAD by integrating two coding units into a three-dimensional(3D)microfluidic paper within a 3D-printed cartridge.The optofluidic PADs clearly distinguish 11 organic chemicals with digital readout of pattern recognition from colorimetric signals.We believe that our optofluidic coding strategy mimicking the olfactory system opens up a wide range of potential applications in colorimetric monitoring of chemicals observed in environment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1403700)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0302400)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11925402,11534001,and 11974249)Guangdong province(2020KCXTD001 and 2016ZT06D348)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(19ZR1437300)supported by Center for Computational Science and Engineering of SUSTech.
文摘A quantized Hall conductance(not conductivity)in three dimensions has been searched for more than 30 years.Here we explore it in 3D topological nodal-ring semimetals,by employing a minimal model describing the essential physics.In particular,the bulk topology can be captured by a momentum-dependent winding number,which confines the drumhead surface states in a specific momentum region.This confinement leads to a surface quantum Hall conductance in a specific energy window in this 3D system.The winding number for the drumhead surface states and Chern number for their quantum Hall effect form a two-fold topological hierarchy.We demonstrate the one-to-one correspondence between the momentum-dependent winding number and wavefunction of the drumhead surface states.More importantly,we stress that breaking chiral symmetry is necessary for the quantum Hall effect of the drumhead surface states.The analytic theory can be verified numerically by the Kubo formula for the Hall conductance.We propose an experimental setup to distinguish the surface and bulk quantum Hall effects.The theory will be useful for ongoing explorations on nodal-ring semimetals.
