Adaptive optics(AO)is a powerful tool employed across various research fields,from aerospace to microscopy.Traditionally,AO has focused on correcting optical phase aberrations,with recent advances extending to polaris...Adaptive optics(AO)is a powerful tool employed across various research fields,from aerospace to microscopy.Traditionally,AO has focused on correcting optical phase aberrations,with recent advances extending to polarisation compensation.However,intensity errors are also prevalent in optical systems,yet effective correction methods are still in their infancy.Here,we introduce a novel AO approach,termed intensity adaptive optics(I-AO),which employs a dual-feedback loop mechanism to first address non-uniform intensity distribution and subsequently compensate for energy loss at the pupil plane.We demonstrate that I-AO can operate in both sensor-based and sensorless formats and validate its feasibility by quantitatively analysing the focus quality of an aberrated system.This technique expands the AO toolkit,paving the way for next-generation AO technology.展开更多
Local microcurrent monitoring is of great significance for biological and battery systems,yet it poses a formidable challenge.The current measurement techniques rely on electromagnetic materials which inevitably intro...Local microcurrent monitoring is of great significance for biological and battery systems,yet it poses a formidable challenge.The current measurement techniques rely on electromagnetic materials which inevitably introduce interference to the system under examination.To address this issue,a promising approach based on a dielectric fiberoptic sensor is demonstrated.The microfiber is capable of detecting microcurrent through monitoring the localized proton concentration signal with a pH resolution of 0.0052 pH units.By sensing the refractive index variation surrounding the sensor induced by the interaction between local proton concentration changes and oxidizer-treated microfiber surface through the evanescent field,this sensing mechanism effectively avoids the interference of the electromagnetic material on the performance of the tested system.This sensor exhibits a limit of detection for microcurrent of 1μA.The sensing region is a microfiber with a diameter of 8.8μm.It can get invaluable information that cannot be obtained through conventional electrochemical methods.Examples include photocurrent attenuation in photogenerated carrier materials during illumination,electrical activation in nerve cells,and fluctuations in the efficiency of electrical energy generation during battery discharge.This approach provides a powerful complement to electrochemical methods for the elucidation of microscale reaction mechanisms.The information provided by the prepared dielectric fiber-optic sensor will shed more light on proton kinetics and electrochemical and electrobiological mechanisms,which may fll an important gap in the current bioelectricity and battery monitoring methods.展开更多
Precise control over light's spatial and polarization characteristics is essential for advanced photonic systems,yet most conventional approaches are constrained to local, contact-based manipulation at physical in...Precise control over light's spatial and polarization characteristics is essential for advanced photonic systems,yet most conventional approaches are constrained to local, contact-based manipulation at physical interfaces.To overcome these constraints, here we introduce a fundamentally new framework for action-at-a-distance polarization control using virtual polarization elements(VPEs). VPEs apply prescribed local Jones matrix transformations between an input field at the modulation plane and an output field at a remote, contactless free-space plane,enabling programmable polarization operations without local material interaction. We demonstrate this concept using metasurface-based VPEs that realize diverse functionalities: single-function VPEs implementing circular polarizer, linear polarizer, half-wave plate, and quarter-wave plate operations;a multi-function VPE simultaneously encoding spatially distinct Jones matrices with arbitrary relative phase differences;and vortex wave plate configurations for generating vector vortex beams. Furthermore, we extend the VPE platform to synthesize Stokes skyrmions-topologically nontrivial vectorial fields-on a remote plane, including multi-skyrmion integration and polarization-controlled switching. By decoupling the modulation and target planes, VPEs open new opportunities for remote polarization shaping, non-invasive beam engineering, and topological light field synthesis.展开更多
基金support of Dr.Yun Zhang and Prof.Daniel Royston at the University of Oxford,St John's College(C.H.),and the Royal Society(URF\R1/241734)(C.H.).
文摘Adaptive optics(AO)is a powerful tool employed across various research fields,from aerospace to microscopy.Traditionally,AO has focused on correcting optical phase aberrations,with recent advances extending to polarisation compensation.However,intensity errors are also prevalent in optical systems,yet effective correction methods are still in their infancy.Here,we introduce a novel AO approach,termed intensity adaptive optics(I-AO),which employs a dual-feedback loop mechanism to first address non-uniform intensity distribution and subsequently compensate for energy loss at the pupil plane.We demonstrate that I-AO can operate in both sensor-based and sensorless formats and validate its feasibility by quantitatively analysing the focus quality of an aberrated system.This technique expands the AO toolkit,paving the way for next-generation AO technology.
基金was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62375108)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515010088)+1 种基金the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2023A03J0130)the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(No.2019BT02X105).
文摘Local microcurrent monitoring is of great significance for biological and battery systems,yet it poses a formidable challenge.The current measurement techniques rely on electromagnetic materials which inevitably introduce interference to the system under examination.To address this issue,a promising approach based on a dielectric fiberoptic sensor is demonstrated.The microfiber is capable of detecting microcurrent through monitoring the localized proton concentration signal with a pH resolution of 0.0052 pH units.By sensing the refractive index variation surrounding the sensor induced by the interaction between local proton concentration changes and oxidizer-treated microfiber surface through the evanescent field,this sensing mechanism effectively avoids the interference of the electromagnetic material on the performance of the tested system.This sensor exhibits a limit of detection for microcurrent of 1μA.The sensing region is a microfiber with a diameter of 8.8μm.It can get invaluable information that cannot be obtained through conventional electrochemical methods.Examples include photocurrent attenuation in photogenerated carrier materials during illumination,electrical activation in nerve cells,and fluctuations in the efficiency of electrical energy generation during battery discharge.This approach provides a powerful complement to electrochemical methods for the elucidation of microscale reaction mechanisms.The information provided by the prepared dielectric fiber-optic sensor will shed more light on proton kinetics and electrochemical and electrobiological mechanisms,which may fll an important gap in the current bioelectricity and battery monitoring methods.
基金Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515011198).
文摘Precise control over light's spatial and polarization characteristics is essential for advanced photonic systems,yet most conventional approaches are constrained to local, contact-based manipulation at physical interfaces.To overcome these constraints, here we introduce a fundamentally new framework for action-at-a-distance polarization control using virtual polarization elements(VPEs). VPEs apply prescribed local Jones matrix transformations between an input field at the modulation plane and an output field at a remote, contactless free-space plane,enabling programmable polarization operations without local material interaction. We demonstrate this concept using metasurface-based VPEs that realize diverse functionalities: single-function VPEs implementing circular polarizer, linear polarizer, half-wave plate, and quarter-wave plate operations;a multi-function VPE simultaneously encoding spatially distinct Jones matrices with arbitrary relative phase differences;and vortex wave plate configurations for generating vector vortex beams. Furthermore, we extend the VPE platform to synthesize Stokes skyrmions-topologically nontrivial vectorial fields-on a remote plane, including multi-skyrmion integration and polarization-controlled switching. By decoupling the modulation and target planes, VPEs open new opportunities for remote polarization shaping, non-invasive beam engineering, and topological light field synthesis.
