The organization of biological neuronal networks into functional modules has intrigued scientists and inspired engineers to develop artificial systems.These networks are characterized by two key properties.First,they ...The organization of biological neuronal networks into functional modules has intrigued scientists and inspired engineers to develop artificial systems.These networks are characterized by two key properties.First,they exhibit dense interconnectivity(Braitenburg and Schüz,1998;Campagnola et al.,2022).The strength and probability of connectivity depend on cell type,inter-neuronal distance,and species.Still,every cortical neuron receives input from thousands of other neurons while transmitting output to a similar number of neurons.Second,communication between neurons occurs primarily via chemical or electrical synapses.展开更多
Recent advancements in nanotechnology have revolutionized terahertz(THz)technology.By enabling the creation of compact,efficient devices through nanoscale structures,such as nano-thick heterostructures,metasurfaces,an...Recent advancements in nanotechnology have revolutionized terahertz(THz)technology.By enabling the creation of compact,efficient devices through nanoscale structures,such as nano-thick heterostructures,metasurfaces,and hybrid systems,these innovations offer unprecedented control over THz wave generation and modulation.This has led to substantial enhancements in THz spectroscopy,imaging,and especially bio-applications,providing higher resolution and sensitivity.This review comprehensively examines the latest advancements in nanoengineered THz technology,beginning with state-of-the-art THz generation methods based on heterostructures,metasurfaces,and hybrid systems,followed by THz modulation techniques,including both homogeneous and individual modulation.Subsequently,it explores bio-applications such as novel biosensing and biofunction techniques.Finally,it summarizes findings and reflects on future trends and challenges in the field.Each section focuses on the physical mechanisms,structural designs,and performances,aiming to provide a thorough understanding of the advancements and potential of this rapidly evolving technology domain.This review aims to provide insights into the creation of next-generation nanoscale THz devices and applications while establishing a comprehensive foundation for addressing key issues that limit the full implementation of these promising technologies in real-world scenarios.展开更多
Dear readers,Welcome to the second issue of the sixth volume of the Journal of Social Computing!This issue presents six interdisciplinary research articles that explore how modern computational tools can help us bette...Dear readers,Welcome to the second issue of the sixth volume of the Journal of Social Computing!This issue presents six interdisciplinary research articles that explore how modern computational tools can help us better understand and make sense of complex systems.These include social behavior,technological development,scientific discovery,and the evolving capabilities of artificial intelligence.To guide readers through this diverse content,the articles are grouped into three thematic clusters:(1)Understanding Human and Machine Behavior,(2)Modeling Social and Legislative Systems,and(3)Extracting Insights from Scientific and Technological Data.展开更多
基金supported in part by the Rosetrees Trust(#CF-2023-I-2_113)by the Israel Ministry of Innovation,Science,and Technology(#7393)(to ES).
文摘The organization of biological neuronal networks into functional modules has intrigued scientists and inspired engineers to develop artificial systems.These networks are characterized by two key properties.First,they exhibit dense interconnectivity(Braitenburg and Schüz,1998;Campagnola et al.,2022).The strength and probability of connectivity depend on cell type,inter-neuronal distance,and species.Still,every cortical neuron receives input from thousands of other neurons while transmitting output to a similar number of neurons.Second,communication between neurons occurs primarily via chemical or electrical synapses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12304434,12304354,and 12004362).
文摘Recent advancements in nanotechnology have revolutionized terahertz(THz)technology.By enabling the creation of compact,efficient devices through nanoscale structures,such as nano-thick heterostructures,metasurfaces,and hybrid systems,these innovations offer unprecedented control over THz wave generation and modulation.This has led to substantial enhancements in THz spectroscopy,imaging,and especially bio-applications,providing higher resolution and sensitivity.This review comprehensively examines the latest advancements in nanoengineered THz technology,beginning with state-of-the-art THz generation methods based on heterostructures,metasurfaces,and hybrid systems,followed by THz modulation techniques,including both homogeneous and individual modulation.Subsequently,it explores bio-applications such as novel biosensing and biofunction techniques.Finally,it summarizes findings and reflects on future trends and challenges in the field.Each section focuses on the physical mechanisms,structural designs,and performances,aiming to provide a thorough understanding of the advancements and potential of this rapidly evolving technology domain.This review aims to provide insights into the creation of next-generation nanoscale THz devices and applications while establishing a comprehensive foundation for addressing key issues that limit the full implementation of these promising technologies in real-world scenarios.
文摘Dear readers,Welcome to the second issue of the sixth volume of the Journal of Social Computing!This issue presents six interdisciplinary research articles that explore how modern computational tools can help us better understand and make sense of complex systems.These include social behavior,technological development,scientific discovery,and the evolving capabilities of artificial intelligence.To guide readers through this diverse content,the articles are grouped into three thematic clusters:(1)Understanding Human and Machine Behavior,(2)Modeling Social and Legislative Systems,and(3)Extracting Insights from Scientific and Technological Data.
