Optical rotators based on the Faraday effect have been widely used in optical systems,such as optical isolation and circulators.However,due to the limitation of crystals,the application of such optical rotators in hig...Optical rotators based on the Faraday effect have been widely used in optical systems,such as optical isolation and circulators.However,due to the limitation of crystals,the application of such optical rotators in high-power lasers has been severely hindered.Here,we propose a novel plasma rotator based on the frequency-variable Faraday rotation(FVFR)in a compact manner,achieved by driving the magnetized underdense plasma with a relativistic linearly polarized laser.In the magnetized plasma,the drive laser undergoes photon deceleration and relativistic Faraday rotation,leading to the generation of relativistic polarization-tunable mid-infrared(mid-IR)pulse with intensity 1016 W cm^(-2)and a spectral width of 5-25μm.With different magnetic fields,the polarization angle of the generated mid-IR pulse can be well controlled.Especially,one can obtain a circularly polarized mid-IR pulse with the spatial average polarization degree of≥0:94 at a suitable external magnetic field.The robustness of the rotator has been well demonstrated through comprehensive three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations across a wide range of laser and plasma parameters.Such a rotator via FVFR is valid from mid to far-infrared and even THz waveband,offering new opportunities for strong-field physics,attosecond science,laboratory astrophysics,etc,and paving the way for relativistic plasma magneto-optics and future relativistic plasma optical devices.展开更多
The exploitation of highly active,cost-effective,and stable electrocatalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is essential for the development of various energy conversion and storage systems,such as water spl...The exploitation of highly active,cost-effective,and stable electrocatalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is essential for the development of various energy conversion and storage systems,such as water splitting and metal-air batteries.In this report,3D mesoporous NiFe layered double hydroxide(LDH)microclusters with a hierarchical architecture are in situ grown on Ni foam through a facile and cost-effective one-step hydrothermal method by using Ni foam as both a Ni source and support.Thanks to the unique architecture and strong synergistic electronic effect between Ni and Fe,the as-synthesized NiFe LDH exhibits remarkable catalytic OER performance with a small overpotential of 211 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),which outperforms most of the reported non-noble metal-based catalysts and almost all the documented LDH-based electrocatalysts.展开更多
Physiological supporting systems,such as the vascular network and excretion system,are crucial for the effective functioning of organs.This study demonstrates that when a body-on-a-chip microdevice is coupled with min...Physiological supporting systems,such as the vascular network and excretion system,are crucial for the effective functioning of organs.This study demonstrates that when a body-on-a-chip microdevice is coupled with miniaturized physiological support systems,it can create a multi-organ microphysiological system capable of more accurately mimicking the physiological complexity of a body,thereby offering potential for preclinical drug testing.To exemplify this concept,we have developed a model system comprising 18 types of microtissues interconnected by a vascular network that replicates the in vivo blood distribution among the organs.Furthermore,this system includes an excretory system with a micro-stirrer that ensures elimination efficiency akin to in vivo conditions.Our findings indicate that this system can:(1)survive and function for almost two months;(2)achieve two-compartment pharmacokinetics of a drug;(3)investigate the dynamic relationship between the tissue distribution and toxicity of a drug;(4)establish the multimorbidity model and evaluate the effectiveness of polypharmacy,challenging tasks with traditional animal models;(5)reduce animal usage in drug evaluations.Notably,features from points(2)to(4)are capabilities not achievable by other in vitro models.The strategy proposed in this study can also be applied to the development of multi-organ microphysiological systems that mimic the physiological complexity of human organs or the entire body.展开更多
Continuous monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors in daily life is crucial for disease prevention and management.Current wearable systems,such as photoplethysmography(PPG),ultrasound,and pressure sensors,can captur...Continuous monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors in daily life is crucial for disease prevention and management.Current wearable systems,such as photoplethysmography(PPG),ultrasound,and pressure sensors,can capture some of these parameters but require precise sensor alignment over arteries.This alignment dependency complicates daily use and makes the signals highly susceptible to motion artifacts.In this work,we present a textile-based alignmentfree electrophysiological sensing sleeve(TAESS)that can be comfortably worn on the upper arm.The TAESS integrates impedance plethysmography(IPG)and electrocardiography(ECG)to enable synchronized cardiovascular haemodynamic monitoring,including blood pressure(BP),cardiac output(CO),systemic vascular resistance(SVR),heart rate(HR),and other metrics.The sleeve is fabricated using silver-based conductive yarns,forming flexible,breathable,and stretchable electrodes that are produced via an automated,low-cost knitting process.Compared to commercial electrodes,TAESS demonstrates superior permeability(37.5 mg·cm^(-2)·h^(-1)),stretchability(exceeding 45%in wale direction),and thermal regulation(remaining within 0.4℃after exercise).Most importantly,it maintains high signal fidelity and is minimally affected by radial movements,outperforming commercial PPG sensors in blood volume detection.The TAESS achieved systolic and diastolic BP prediction root-mean-squared errors of 7.05mmHg and 5.93 mmHg,respectively,even under respiratory interference and after re-wearing.This scalable,low-cost sensing sleeve offers a robust and alignment-free solution for continuous cardiovascular monitoring,paving the way for personalized healthcare in daily life.展开更多
With the rapid development of intelligent and autonomous systems,such as wearable health monitoring and advanced manufacturing robots,there is a growing demand for the development of advanced,miniaturized smart sensor...With the rapid development of intelligent and autonomous systems,such as wearable health monitoring and advanced manufacturing robots,there is a growing demand for the development of advanced,miniaturized smart sensors and actuator systems.In this context,a single microdevice with hybrid functionality as both a sensor and actuator demonstrates excellent performance across diverse applications,holds significant promise.Herein,we present a proof-of-concept for a high-performance bi-directional Lorentz force magnetometer and actuator,implemented within a single microelectromechanical system(MEMS)device.Moreover,the device demonstrates insensitivity to magnetic fields,making it highly suitable for applications that require anti-crossing behavior in magnetic environments.The design is based on a clamped-guided curved microresonator connected to straight and V-shaped beams of micro-actuators.The operation of the proposed device relies on the flexibility to control the applied electrothermal excitation in different ways,offering smart thermal actuation and dynamic sensing mechanisms.Furthermore,the proposed technique allows tuning of the first symmetric mode,achieving either a high or low frequency shift based on input power levels.Hence,this study provides valuable insights for improving tunability in sensitivity and power for various actuation mechanisms.At atmospheric pressure and an input power of 19.5 mW,the device functions as a high-performance biaxial magnetic sensor with a sensitivity(S)of~36.58%T^(-1),an excellent linearity in the medium-to-high magnetic field range of±400 mT,and a minimum detectable field,Bmin of 0.83μT Hz^(-1).In contrast,it can be tuned as a magnetic-field-insensitive actuator(S=3.28%T^(-1))with a transversal displacement of~4μm,utilizing a negligible power of 43 mW.The diverse operation highlights its hybrid functionality as an actuator or high-performance sensor.These features,combined with the simplicity of fabrication and low cost,make the proposed microdevice highly promising for developing a three-axis magnetic sensor and actuator network system,as well as for various industrial applications.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12375244,12475252,12135009,12205186,U2267204,and 12475249)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2025JJ30002).
文摘Optical rotators based on the Faraday effect have been widely used in optical systems,such as optical isolation and circulators.However,due to the limitation of crystals,the application of such optical rotators in high-power lasers has been severely hindered.Here,we propose a novel plasma rotator based on the frequency-variable Faraday rotation(FVFR)in a compact manner,achieved by driving the magnetized underdense plasma with a relativistic linearly polarized laser.In the magnetized plasma,the drive laser undergoes photon deceleration and relativistic Faraday rotation,leading to the generation of relativistic polarization-tunable mid-infrared(mid-IR)pulse with intensity 1016 W cm^(-2)and a spectral width of 5-25μm.With different magnetic fields,the polarization angle of the generated mid-IR pulse can be well controlled.Especially,one can obtain a circularly polarized mid-IR pulse with the spatial average polarization degree of≥0:94 at a suitable external magnetic field.The robustness of the rotator has been well demonstrated through comprehensive three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations across a wide range of laser and plasma parameters.Such a rotator via FVFR is valid from mid to far-infrared and even THz waveband,offering new opportunities for strong-field physics,attosecond science,laboratory astrophysics,etc,and paving the way for relativistic plasma magneto-optics and future relativistic plasma optical devices.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(21571145 and 21633008)the Large-scale Instrument and Equipment Sharing Foundation of Wuhan University.
文摘The exploitation of highly active,cost-effective,and stable electrocatalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is essential for the development of various energy conversion and storage systems,such as water splitting and metal-air batteries.In this report,3D mesoporous NiFe layered double hydroxide(LDH)microclusters with a hierarchical architecture are in situ grown on Ni foam through a facile and cost-effective one-step hydrothermal method by using Ni foam as both a Ni source and support.Thanks to the unique architecture and strong synergistic electronic effect between Ni and Fe,the as-synthesized NiFe LDH exhibits remarkable catalytic OER performance with a small overpotential of 211 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),which outperforms most of the reported non-noble metal-based catalysts and almost all the documented LDH-based electrocatalysts.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82373840)Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases(Grants BM2013003 and ZZ2009).
文摘Physiological supporting systems,such as the vascular network and excretion system,are crucial for the effective functioning of organs.This study demonstrates that when a body-on-a-chip microdevice is coupled with miniaturized physiological support systems,it can create a multi-organ microphysiological system capable of more accurately mimicking the physiological complexity of a body,thereby offering potential for preclinical drug testing.To exemplify this concept,we have developed a model system comprising 18 types of microtissues interconnected by a vascular network that replicates the in vivo blood distribution among the organs.Furthermore,this system includes an excretory system with a micro-stirrer that ensures elimination efficiency akin to in vivo conditions.Our findings indicate that this system can:(1)survive and function for almost two months;(2)achieve two-compartment pharmacokinetics of a drug;(3)investigate the dynamic relationship between the tissue distribution and toxicity of a drug;(4)establish the multimorbidity model and evaluate the effectiveness of polypharmacy,challenging tasks with traditional animal models;(5)reduce animal usage in drug evaluations.Notably,features from points(2)to(4)are capabilities not achievable by other in vitro models.The strategy proposed in this study can also be applied to the development of multi-organ microphysiological systems that mimic the physiological complexity of human organs or the entire body.
基金supported in part by the Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Technology Research Programme(Type C)from Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(STIC)under the Grant SGDX20220530111200001in part by the Hong Kong Centre for Cerebrocardiovascular Health Engineering under the InnoHK Scheme of Hong Kong SAR,Chin and in part by the Centre for Perceptual and Interactive Intelligence(CPII)Ltd.under the InnoHK scheme of Innovation and Technology Commission.
文摘Continuous monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors in daily life is crucial for disease prevention and management.Current wearable systems,such as photoplethysmography(PPG),ultrasound,and pressure sensors,can capture some of these parameters but require precise sensor alignment over arteries.This alignment dependency complicates daily use and makes the signals highly susceptible to motion artifacts.In this work,we present a textile-based alignmentfree electrophysiological sensing sleeve(TAESS)that can be comfortably worn on the upper arm.The TAESS integrates impedance plethysmography(IPG)and electrocardiography(ECG)to enable synchronized cardiovascular haemodynamic monitoring,including blood pressure(BP),cardiac output(CO),systemic vascular resistance(SVR),heart rate(HR),and other metrics.The sleeve is fabricated using silver-based conductive yarns,forming flexible,breathable,and stretchable electrodes that are produced via an automated,low-cost knitting process.Compared to commercial electrodes,TAESS demonstrates superior permeability(37.5 mg·cm^(-2)·h^(-1)),stretchability(exceeding 45%in wale direction),and thermal regulation(remaining within 0.4℃after exercise).Most importantly,it maintains high signal fidelity and is minimally affected by radial movements,outperforming commercial PPG sensors in blood volume detection.The TAESS achieved systolic and diastolic BP prediction root-mean-squared errors of 7.05mmHg and 5.93 mmHg,respectively,even under respiratory interference and after re-wearing.This scalable,low-cost sensing sleeve offers a robust and alignment-free solution for continuous cardiovascular monitoring,paving the way for personalized healthcare in daily life.
基金supported by Khalifa University of Science and Technology(KU)under Award No.FSU-2023-028King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST).
文摘With the rapid development of intelligent and autonomous systems,such as wearable health monitoring and advanced manufacturing robots,there is a growing demand for the development of advanced,miniaturized smart sensors and actuator systems.In this context,a single microdevice with hybrid functionality as both a sensor and actuator demonstrates excellent performance across diverse applications,holds significant promise.Herein,we present a proof-of-concept for a high-performance bi-directional Lorentz force magnetometer and actuator,implemented within a single microelectromechanical system(MEMS)device.Moreover,the device demonstrates insensitivity to magnetic fields,making it highly suitable for applications that require anti-crossing behavior in magnetic environments.The design is based on a clamped-guided curved microresonator connected to straight and V-shaped beams of micro-actuators.The operation of the proposed device relies on the flexibility to control the applied electrothermal excitation in different ways,offering smart thermal actuation and dynamic sensing mechanisms.Furthermore,the proposed technique allows tuning of the first symmetric mode,achieving either a high or low frequency shift based on input power levels.Hence,this study provides valuable insights for improving tunability in sensitivity and power for various actuation mechanisms.At atmospheric pressure and an input power of 19.5 mW,the device functions as a high-performance biaxial magnetic sensor with a sensitivity(S)of~36.58%T^(-1),an excellent linearity in the medium-to-high magnetic field range of±400 mT,and a minimum detectable field,Bmin of 0.83μT Hz^(-1).In contrast,it can be tuned as a magnetic-field-insensitive actuator(S=3.28%T^(-1))with a transversal displacement of~4μm,utilizing a negligible power of 43 mW.The diverse operation highlights its hybrid functionality as an actuator or high-performance sensor.These features,combined with the simplicity of fabrication and low cost,make the proposed microdevice highly promising for developing a three-axis magnetic sensor and actuator network system,as well as for various industrial applications.
