Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)lacks a standardized classification system,resulting in inconsistent clinical management and a suboptimal prognosis.This study addresses the urgent need for a robust consensus t...Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)lacks a standardized classification system,resulting in inconsistent clinical management and a suboptimal prognosis.This study addresses the urgent need for a robust consensus taxonomy to facilitate precision treatment for ESCC.We employed a network-based approach to elucidate the interconnections among eight existing classification systems,leading to the identification of four distinct consensus molecular subtypes(ECMSs):ECMS1-MET(metabolic),characterized by dysregulated metabolic pathways and NFE2L2 activation;ECMS2-CLS(classical),featuring upregulated cell cycle and canonical signaling pathways;ECMS3-IM(immunomodulatory),marked by robust immune activation and elevated PD-1 expression;and ECMS4-MES(mesenchymal),associated with mesenchymal transition,stromal activation,and VEGF signaling.To improve clinical applicability,we developed an image-based framework(imECMS)that utilizes spatial organization features(SOFs)quantified from autodelineated hematoxylin‒eosin(H&E)-stained whole-slide images through deep learning algorithms.The imECMS classifier assigns patients to one of the four ECMS subtypes,which correlate with distinct molecular characteristics,prognoses,and responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy.Validation across multiple independent cohorts confirmed that the imECMS accurately classifies ESCC subtypes from histopathological images,offering a robust and effective tool for precision medicine.In summary,the ECMS/imECMS subtyping systems we developed are the most robust frameworks for ESCC to date,providing clear biological insights and a foundation for clinical stratification and targeted therapies.展开更多
ACADEMIC PUBLISHING:REACHING ITS LIMITS?The productivity crisis:A problem of plenty?Humankind’s relationship with data is a Sisyphean,heuristic undertaking—data are generated to maintain and innovate upon systems,le...ACADEMIC PUBLISHING:REACHING ITS LIMITS?The productivity crisis:A problem of plenty?Humankind’s relationship with data is a Sisyphean,heuristic undertaking—data are generated to maintain and innovate upon systems,leading to increased amounts of data,forcing us to find newer ways ofmanaging that data(Figure 1).展开更多
Piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems(MEMS)mirrors enable precise and rapid beam steering with low power consumption,making them essential components in light detection and ranging(LiDAR)and advanced optical im...Piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems(MEMS)mirrors enable precise and rapid beam steering with low power consumption,making them essential components in light detection and ranging(LiDAR)and advanced optical imaging systems.Lead zirconate titanate(PZT)offers a high piezoelectric coefficient suitable for such applications.However,its elevated processing temperatures(typically 500°C–700°C),lead content that raises contamination concerns during complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)integration,and hysteresis-induced nonlinearity limit its broader integration into MEMS mirrors.In contrast,aluminum nitride(AlN),with low deposition temperatures(below 400°C)and contamination-free composition,offers CMOS compatibility,environmental stability,and low hysteresis,making it a promising lead-free alternative.However,its intrinsically low piezoelectric coefficient limits actuation efficiency for large scan angles.To overcome this limitation,scandium(Sc)doping has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance the piezoelectric response of AlN.Sc-doped AlN(AlScN)enables relatively large scan angles in MEMS mirror applications due to its significantly enhanced piezoelectric coefficients and reduced mechanical stiffness,while retaining essential advantages,such as CMOS compatibility and environmental robustness.This review comprehensively examines the recent progress in AlN and AlScN for MEMS mirror applications.We focus on its impact on piezoelectric properties,fabrication techniques,and mirror performance.Furthermore,we provide a comparative assessment of AlN-and AlScN-based MEMS mirrors,highlighting their respective advantages,limitations,and application potentials.Finally,this review summarizes recent developments and research trends,providing insights into their performance benefits and directions for future research.展开更多
基金supported by Shenzhen Medical Research Funds(C2303002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20372,82341024,82172930,82302916,82103143,82573811)+13 种基金Shenzhen“San-Ming”Project of Medicine(SZSM202311014)the funds of Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019B030302012)Major Program of Shenzhen Bay Laboratory(S201101004)Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation General Project(2025A1515012310)National Science and Technology Major Project(2025ZD0544700,2025ZD0551700)the Science and Shanxi Province Higher Education“Billion Project”Science and Technology Guidance Project(SYBYRC-202506,SY-BYSL-2025018)Jiangxi Overseas High-Level Talent Project(20232BCJ25029)the Research Grants Council(No.14104223,11103921,14111522,C4024-22GF,R4007-23)of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,Chinaa startup fund(No.4937084)direct grant(No.2021.077,No.2024.147,2024.175)the Faculty Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme(No.FPFS/24-25/053,FPFS/23-24/061C,FPFS/23-24/060,FPFS/22-23/026)Research Committee-Group Research Scheme 2022-23(No.WW/rc/grs2223/0560/23en)from the Chinese University of Hong Kongthe Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021221236)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20220214).
文摘Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)lacks a standardized classification system,resulting in inconsistent clinical management and a suboptimal prognosis.This study addresses the urgent need for a robust consensus taxonomy to facilitate precision treatment for ESCC.We employed a network-based approach to elucidate the interconnections among eight existing classification systems,leading to the identification of four distinct consensus molecular subtypes(ECMSs):ECMS1-MET(metabolic),characterized by dysregulated metabolic pathways and NFE2L2 activation;ECMS2-CLS(classical),featuring upregulated cell cycle and canonical signaling pathways;ECMS3-IM(immunomodulatory),marked by robust immune activation and elevated PD-1 expression;and ECMS4-MES(mesenchymal),associated with mesenchymal transition,stromal activation,and VEGF signaling.To improve clinical applicability,we developed an image-based framework(imECMS)that utilizes spatial organization features(SOFs)quantified from autodelineated hematoxylin‒eosin(H&E)-stained whole-slide images through deep learning algorithms.The imECMS classifier assigns patients to one of the four ECMS subtypes,which correlate with distinct molecular characteristics,prognoses,and responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy.Validation across multiple independent cohorts confirmed that the imECMS accurately classifies ESCC subtypes from histopathological images,offering a robust and effective tool for precision medicine.In summary,the ECMS/imECMS subtyping systems we developed are the most robust frameworks for ESCC to date,providing clear biological insights and a foundation for clinical stratification and targeted therapies.
文摘ACADEMIC PUBLISHING:REACHING ITS LIMITS?The productivity crisis:A problem of plenty?Humankind’s relationship with data is a Sisyphean,heuristic undertaking—data are generated to maintain and innovate upon systems,leading to increased amounts of data,forcing us to find newer ways ofmanaging that data(Figure 1).
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(Nos.RS-2023-00222166 and RS-2024-00457040).
文摘Piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems(MEMS)mirrors enable precise and rapid beam steering with low power consumption,making them essential components in light detection and ranging(LiDAR)and advanced optical imaging systems.Lead zirconate titanate(PZT)offers a high piezoelectric coefficient suitable for such applications.However,its elevated processing temperatures(typically 500°C–700°C),lead content that raises contamination concerns during complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)integration,and hysteresis-induced nonlinearity limit its broader integration into MEMS mirrors.In contrast,aluminum nitride(AlN),with low deposition temperatures(below 400°C)and contamination-free composition,offers CMOS compatibility,environmental stability,and low hysteresis,making it a promising lead-free alternative.However,its intrinsically low piezoelectric coefficient limits actuation efficiency for large scan angles.To overcome this limitation,scandium(Sc)doping has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance the piezoelectric response of AlN.Sc-doped AlN(AlScN)enables relatively large scan angles in MEMS mirror applications due to its significantly enhanced piezoelectric coefficients and reduced mechanical stiffness,while retaining essential advantages,such as CMOS compatibility and environmental robustness.This review comprehensively examines the recent progress in AlN and AlScN for MEMS mirror applications.We focus on its impact on piezoelectric properties,fabrication techniques,and mirror performance.Furthermore,we provide a comparative assessment of AlN-and AlScN-based MEMS mirrors,highlighting their respective advantages,limitations,and application potentials.Finally,this review summarizes recent developments and research trends,providing insights into their performance benefits and directions for future research.
