Since the discovery of hydrothermal vents and chemosynthetic ecosystems at the Galápagos Rift by the deep-submergence vehicle(DSV)Alvin in 1979[1],deep-sea hydrothermal systems have been regarded as crucial porta...Since the discovery of hydrothermal vents and chemosynthetic ecosystems at the Galápagos Rift by the deep-submergence vehicle(DSV)Alvin in 1979[1],deep-sea hydrothermal systems have been regarded as crucial portals into material and energy exchanges between the Earth’s spheres and potential crucibles for unraveling the origins of life.To date,over 600 hydrothermal systems,including both active and inactive sites,have been identified globally[2].展开更多
The valley degree of freedom(DoF)plays a crucial role in valleytronics,paralleling the spin DoF in spintronics,and serves as a novel conduit for information and energy.In momentum space,valley DoF is characterized by ...The valley degree of freedom(DoF)plays a crucial role in valleytronics,paralleling the spin DoF in spintronics,and serves as a novel conduit for information and energy.In momentum space,valley DoF is characterized by discrete energy extremal states,which are present in conventional semiconductors and twodimensional(2D)crystal materials.Analogous wave behaviors in periodic structures allow for the application of valley dispersion relations to wave systems,including optics[1],acoustics[2,3],and water waves[4].When the wavelength is comparable to the period of an artificial crystal structure,classical waves experience strong Bragg scattering,resulting in a band gap and new propagation properties.Due to their macroscopic features and controllable geometric symmetry,these classical wave systems have become an ideal platform for studying topological physics.Although progress has been made in classical wave systems,conclusive evidence of topological valley states in water waves—a typical classical wave system—has not yet been obtained.展开更多
Plants have evolved sophisticated innate immune systems,including cell surface and intracellular receptors that recognize and defend against various harmful pathogens.The plasma membrane(PM)-localized pattern-recognit...Plants have evolved sophisticated innate immune systems,including cell surface and intracellular receptors that recognize and defend against various harmful pathogens.The plasma membrane(PM)-localized pattern-recognition receptors primarily recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns,initiating pattern-triggered immunity(PTI).On the other hand,plant intracellular nucleotide-binding(NB)leucine-rich repeat(LRR)receptors(NLRs)play essential roles in perceiving pathogen effectors,leading to effector-triggered immunity(ETI),which is often accompanied by a hypersensitive response known as a type of plant-specific programmed cell death for restricting pathogen growth.Among the NLR family,receptors possess distinct N-terminal domains:those with a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor(TIR)domain are referred to as TNLs,while those with a coiled-coil(CC)domain are termed CNLs;additionally,ancient receptors with an RPW8-like CC(CCR)domain are called RNLs(Jubic et al.,2019).TNLs and CNLs act as sensor NLRs(sNLRs)that recognize effectors directly or indirectly,whereas RNLs function as helper NLRs(hNLRs),transmitting immune signals from sNLRs to ultimately execute downstream resistance and trigger cell death(Jubic et al.,2019).展开更多
Hypernuclei,nuclei containing one or more hyperons,serve as unique laboratories for probing the non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics(QCD).Recent progress in hypernuclear physics,driven by advanced experimental tech...Hypernuclei,nuclei containing one or more hyperons,serve as unique laboratories for probing the non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics(QCD).Recent progress in hypernuclear physics,driven by advanced experimental techniques and theoretical innovations,is briefly reviewed with a focus on key findings and unresolved challenges,such as the precise determination of the hypertriton binding energy,investigations of charge symmetry breaking in mirror hypernuclei,and the search for exotic systems,including the neutral nnΛstate.Experimental breakthroughs,including invariant-mass analyses and femtoscopy studies in heavy-ion collisions,as well as high-resolutionγ-spectroscopy,have enabled precise studies of light hypernuclei and offered critical insights into the hyperon–nucleon interaction.Theoretical progress,including ab initio calculations based on chiral effective field theory and lattice QCD,has further enhanced our understanding of hyperon–nucleon and hyperon–hyperon interactions.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC)is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities affecting various organ systems,including the skin,brain,kidneys,heart,lungs,and eyes.It presents with a diverse range o...INTRODUCTION Tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC)is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities affecting various organ systems,including the skin,brain,kidneys,heart,lungs,and eyes.It presents with a diverse range of physical manifestations,necessitating continuous assessment,monitoring,and treatment.1 The incidence of TSC is estimated to range between 1:6000 and 1:10000 live births.2 TSC2 pathogenic variants typically result in a more severe phenotype compared to TSC1 pathogenic variants.3 The diagnosis of TSC is confirmed in a proband through genetic diagnostic criteria,which involves identifying a heterozygous pathogenic variant in either TSC1 or TSC2 using molecular genetic testing.Alternatively,clinical diagnostic criteria can be employed based on the presence and quantity of major and minor clinical features.Regular evaluation and monitoring are essential for the comprehensive management of individuals affected by TSC.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42327805,92258303,and 92358301)National Natural Sceince Foundation of China Shiptime Sharing Project(42249583).
文摘Since the discovery of hydrothermal vents and chemosynthetic ecosystems at the Galápagos Rift by the deep-submergence vehicle(DSV)Alvin in 1979[1],deep-sea hydrothermal systems have been regarded as crucial portals into material and energy exchanges between the Earth’s spheres and potential crucibles for unraveling the origins of life.To date,over 600 hydrothermal systems,including both active and inactive sites,have been identified globally[2].
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62475228 and 62275231)the Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2022YFA1404704,2022YFA1405200 and 2022YFA1404902)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C01036)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The valley degree of freedom(DoF)plays a crucial role in valleytronics,paralleling the spin DoF in spintronics,and serves as a novel conduit for information and energy.In momentum space,valley DoF is characterized by discrete energy extremal states,which are present in conventional semiconductors and twodimensional(2D)crystal materials.Analogous wave behaviors in periodic structures allow for the application of valley dispersion relations to wave systems,including optics[1],acoustics[2,3],and water waves[4].When the wavelength is comparable to the period of an artificial crystal structure,classical waves experience strong Bragg scattering,resulting in a band gap and new propagation properties.Due to their macroscopic features and controllable geometric symmetry,these classical wave systems have become an ideal platform for studying topological physics.Although progress has been made in classical wave systems,conclusive evidence of topological valley states in water waves—a typical classical wave system—has not yet been obtained.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472527 to F.L.,32470342 to H.C.,and 32260653 to C.L.)the Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Guizhou University,China([2024j05 to C.L.).
文摘Plants have evolved sophisticated innate immune systems,including cell surface and intracellular receptors that recognize and defend against various harmful pathogens.The plasma membrane(PM)-localized pattern-recognition receptors primarily recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns,initiating pattern-triggered immunity(PTI).On the other hand,plant intracellular nucleotide-binding(NB)leucine-rich repeat(LRR)receptors(NLRs)play essential roles in perceiving pathogen effectors,leading to effector-triggered immunity(ETI),which is often accompanied by a hypersensitive response known as a type of plant-specific programmed cell death for restricting pathogen growth.Among the NLR family,receptors possess distinct N-terminal domains:those with a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor(TIR)domain are referred to as TNLs,while those with a coiled-coil(CC)domain are termed CNLs;additionally,ancient receptors with an RPW8-like CC(CCR)domain are called RNLs(Jubic et al.,2019).TNLs and CNLs act as sensor NLRs(sNLRs)that recognize effectors directly or indirectly,whereas RNLs function as helper NLRs(hNLRs),transmitting immune signals from sNLRs to ultimately execute downstream resistance and trigger cell death(Jubic et al.,2019).
基金supported by the the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1604900 and 2023YFA1606703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12025501,12435007,12405133,and 12347180)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M740189)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20233381).
文摘Hypernuclei,nuclei containing one or more hyperons,serve as unique laboratories for probing the non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics(QCD).Recent progress in hypernuclear physics,driven by advanced experimental techniques and theoretical innovations,is briefly reviewed with a focus on key findings and unresolved challenges,such as the precise determination of the hypertriton binding energy,investigations of charge symmetry breaking in mirror hypernuclei,and the search for exotic systems,including the neutral nnΛstate.Experimental breakthroughs,including invariant-mass analyses and femtoscopy studies in heavy-ion collisions,as well as high-resolutionγ-spectroscopy,have enabled precise studies of light hypernuclei and offered critical insights into the hyperon–nucleon interaction.Theoretical progress,including ab initio calculations based on chiral effective field theory and lattice QCD,has further enhanced our understanding of hyperon–nucleon and hyperon–hyperon interactions.
基金General project of National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFC2706405Beijing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:7222187+3 种基金The equipment comprehensive research project of General Armament Department,Grant/Award Number:145BHQ090025000XThe special scientific research project of military family planning,Grant/Award Number:22JSZ20Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,Grant/Award Number:2024-2-5082The key project of innovation cultivation fund of the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Grant/Award Number:qzx-2023-1
文摘INTRODUCTION Tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC)is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities affecting various organ systems,including the skin,brain,kidneys,heart,lungs,and eyes.It presents with a diverse range of physical manifestations,necessitating continuous assessment,monitoring,and treatment.1 The incidence of TSC is estimated to range between 1:6000 and 1:10000 live births.2 TSC2 pathogenic variants typically result in a more severe phenotype compared to TSC1 pathogenic variants.3 The diagnosis of TSC is confirmed in a proband through genetic diagnostic criteria,which involves identifying a heterozygous pathogenic variant in either TSC1 or TSC2 using molecular genetic testing.Alternatively,clinical diagnostic criteria can be employed based on the presence and quantity of major and minor clinical features.Regular evaluation and monitoring are essential for the comprehensive management of individuals affected by TSC.
