The design of host molecules capable of recognizing charged vips with high selectivity remains a central pursuit in supramolecular chemistry,underpinning advances in fields ranging from molecular sensing and ion tra...The design of host molecules capable of recognizing charged vips with high selectivity remains a central pursuit in supramolecular chemistry,underpinning advances in fields ranging from molecular sensing and ion transport to catalysis and biomimetic systems.At the heart of these efforts lies the strategic use of non-covalent interactions—forces that govern molecular recognition,guide self-assembly,and dictate functional performance[1].While hydrogen bonding has long dominated this space,a new class of highly directional and tunable interactions has emerged as a powerful alternative:theσ-hole interactions,particularly halogen bonding(XB)and chalcogen bonding(ChB).XB and ChB arise from anisotropic electron distributions on halogen(Group 17)and chalcogen(Group 16)atoms,where electron-withdrawing substituents create localized positive regions—σ-holes—capable of engaging in attractive interactions with Lewis bases[2,3].These interactions have rapidly gained prominence as precise molecular design tools,enabling breakthroughs in crystal engineering,self-assembled architectures,and organocatalysis.In the realm of anion recognition,XB and ChB donors often outperform traditional hydrogen-bond-based systems in both affinity and selectivity,highlighting their potential as next-generation supramolecular binding motifs[4,5].展开更多
文摘The design of host molecules capable of recognizing charged vips with high selectivity remains a central pursuit in supramolecular chemistry,underpinning advances in fields ranging from molecular sensing and ion transport to catalysis and biomimetic systems.At the heart of these efforts lies the strategic use of non-covalent interactions—forces that govern molecular recognition,guide self-assembly,and dictate functional performance[1].While hydrogen bonding has long dominated this space,a new class of highly directional and tunable interactions has emerged as a powerful alternative:theσ-hole interactions,particularly halogen bonding(XB)and chalcogen bonding(ChB).XB and ChB arise from anisotropic electron distributions on halogen(Group 17)and chalcogen(Group 16)atoms,where electron-withdrawing substituents create localized positive regions—σ-holes—capable of engaging in attractive interactions with Lewis bases[2,3].These interactions have rapidly gained prominence as precise molecular design tools,enabling breakthroughs in crystal engineering,self-assembled architectures,and organocatalysis.In the realm of anion recognition,XB and ChB donors often outperform traditional hydrogen-bond-based systems in both affinity and selectivity,highlighting their potential as next-generation supramolecular binding motifs[4,5].
