To address the issue of coordinated control of multiple hydrogen and battery storage units to suppress the grid-injected power deviation of wind farms,an online optimization strategy for Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy...To address the issue of coordinated control of multiple hydrogen and battery storage units to suppress the grid-injected power deviation of wind farms,an online optimization strategy for Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage systems based on measurement feedback is proposed.First,considering the high charge/discharge losses of hydrogen storage and the low energy density of battery storage,an operational optimization objective is established to enable adaptive energy adjustment in the Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system.Next,an online optimization model minimizing the operational cost of the hybrid system is constructed to suppress grid-injected power deviations with satisfying the operational constraints of hydrogen storage and batteries.Finally,utilizing the online measurement of the energy states of hydrogen storage and batteries,an online optimization strategy based on measurement feedback is designed.Case study results show:before and after smoothing the fluctuations in wind power,the time when the power exceeded the upper and lower limits of the grid-injected power accounted for 24.1%and 1.45%of the total time,respectively,the proposed strategy can effectively keep the grid-injected power deviations of wind farms within the allowable range.Hydrogen storage and batteries respectively undertake long-term and short-term charge/discharge tasks,effectively reducing charge/discharge losses of the Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage systems and improving its operational efficiency.展开更多
Renewable Energy Systems(RES)provide a sustainable solution to climate warming and environmental pollution by enhancing stability and reliability through status acquisition and analysis on cloud platforms and intellig...Renewable Energy Systems(RES)provide a sustainable solution to climate warming and environmental pollution by enhancing stability and reliability through status acquisition and analysis on cloud platforms and intelligent processing on edge servers(ES).However,securely distributing encrypted data stored in the cloud to terminals that meet decryption requirements has become a prominent research topic.Additionally,managing attributes,including addition,deletion,and modification,is a crucial issue in the access control scheme for RES.To address these security concerns,a trust-based ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption(CP-ABE)device access control scheme is proposed for RES(TB-CP-ABE).This scheme effectivelymanages the distribution and control of encrypted data on the cloud through robust attribute key management.By introducing trust management mechanisms and outsourced decryption technology,the ES system can effectively assess and manage the trust worthiness of terminal devices,ensuring that only trusted devices can participate in data exchange and access sensitive information.Besides,the ES system dynamically evaluates trust scores to set decryption trust thresholds,thereby regulating device data access permissions and enhancing the system’s security.To validate the security of the proposed TB-CP-ABE against chosen plaintext attacks,a comprehensive formal security analysis is conducted using the widely accepted random oraclemodel under the decisional q-Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponent(q-BDHE)assumption.Finally,comparative analysis with other schemes demonstrates that the TB-CP-ABE scheme cuts energy/communication costs by 43%,and scaleswell with rising terminals,maintaining average latency below 50ms,ensuring real-time service feasibility.The proposed scheme not only provides newinsights for the secure management of RES but also lays a foundation for future secure energy solutions.展开更多
Car manufacturers aim to enhance the use of two-factor authentication (2FA) to protect keyless entry systems in contemporary cars. Despite providing significant ease for users, keyless entry systems have become more s...Car manufacturers aim to enhance the use of two-factor authentication (2FA) to protect keyless entry systems in contemporary cars. Despite providing significant ease for users, keyless entry systems have become more susceptible to appealing attacks like relay attacks and critical fob hacking. These weaknesses present considerable security threats, resulting in unauthorized entry and car theft. The suggested approach combines a conventional keyless entry feature with an extra security measure. Implementing multi-factor authentication significantly improves the security of systems that allow keyless entry by reducing the likelihood of unauthorized access. Research shows that the benefits of using two-factor authentication, such as a substantial increase in security, far outweigh any minor drawbacks.展开更多
Intratumoral bacteria have been proven to be widely exist in tumors,different tumors of different systems have different types of characteristic bacteria.Intratumoral bacteria will become a new and important biomarker...Intratumoral bacteria have been proven to be widely exist in tumors,different tumors of different systems have different types of characteristic bacteria.Intratumoral bacteria will become a new and important biomarker in the full cycle of tumor development.This article emphasizes the key role of intratumoral bacteria in the occurrence and progress of tumors,including promoting tumor development,accelerating tumor metastasis and promoting tumor cell resistance.In addition,this article also summarizes the application of intratumoral bacteria in tumor diagnosis and prognosis.Especially,this article outlines the treatment strategies of intratumoral bacteria,including non-nanodelivery therapy strategies and nanodelivery therapy strategies,such as antibiotic,macromolecular,inflammatory factor inhibitors,near-infrared-photothermal therapy,inorganic antibacterial agents,reactive species and microbes therapy,in these strategies,nano delivery system provides a promising treatment that solves the problem of drug resistance,reducing toxicity and improving patient compliance.This article is hoped to guide future research on intratumoral bacteria on tumors.展开更多
Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP)systems play a pivotal role in modern organizations by integrating business processes,enhancing operational efficiency,and supporting decision-making.Evaluating the success of ERP impl...Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP)systems play a pivotal role in modern organizations by integrating business processes,enhancing operational efficiency,and supporting decision-making.Evaluating the success of ERP implementations remains a critical challenge for both researchers and practitioners.The DeLone&McLean(D&M)Information Systems(IS)Success Model has been widely adopted as a theoretical framework to assess ERP success,yet its application in dynamic and evolving technological landscapes requires further examination.This systematic review synthesizes empirical studies from 2017 to 2024 that apply the D&M Model to evaluate ERP system success.The study aims to:(1)identify key trends in the application of the D&M Model across different organizational and technological contexts,(2)analyze the most influential success factors-system quality,information quality,service quality,user satisfaction,use,and net benefits-and their interrelationships,and(3)highlight emerging challenges and opportunities for refining the model in ERP research.Findings reveal that while the D&M Model provides a robust foundation for assessing ERP success,contextual factors such as organizational climate,leadership support,and mandatory vs.voluntary usage significantly influence outcomes.Additionally,advancements in digital transformation,AI,and cloud-based ERP systems introduce new dimensions that the traditional model may not fully capture.The review also identifies gaps in longitudinal studies and cross-cultural validations of the D&M Model in ERP settings.Based on the analysis,this paper proposes an enhanced framework that integrates dynamic moderators and post-implementation metrics to better align the D&M Model with contemporary ERP environments.The study contributes to IS literature by offering a comprehensive evaluation of the D&M Model’s applicability and limitations in ERP research,while providing actionable insights for organizations seeking to optimize ERP success.展开更多
Chemical leaching techniques have been proven effective in removing heavymetal contaminants fromsoil using various leaching agents.Previous research has shown that both singleagent and composite leaching systems have ...Chemical leaching techniques have been proven effective in removing heavymetal contaminants fromsoil using various leaching agents.Previous research has shown that both singleagent and composite leaching systems have been applied for the remediation of chromiumcontaminated soils,with varying degrees of success depending on soil type and contaminant form.However,the removal rate of total chromium(Cr)and hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))often fluctuates based on the chemical composition of the leaching agents,as well as the soil’s physicochemical properties,such as pH and Cr speciation stability.Therefore,this study investigates the effectiveness of 20 composite leaching systems,including deionized water,lime water,calcium chloride,sodium carbonate,and sodium phosphate,through soil column leaching tests.The aim was to evaluate their impact on soil pH,total Cr,and Cr(Ⅵ)removal,and to examine the transformation of various Cr species during the leaching process.Results reveal that lime water and sodium phosphate were particularly effective in stabilizing Cr(Ⅵ)and neutralizing soil pH,while total Cr removal amount ranged from 197.4 mg/kg to 1671.6 mg/kg and Cr(Ⅵ)removal amount ranged from 113.2mg/kg to 316.8mg/kg.We also find that using 0.2 mol/L citric acid,0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid,and 1.2 mL/g lime solution adjusted soil pH to 7.37,with average removal efficiencies of 34.6%.for total Cr and 72.7%for Cr(Ⅵ).Overall,our results suggest that the combined use of lime water and sodium phosphate is an effective strategy for remediating chromium-contaminated soil,particularly for stabilizing unleached Cr and adjusting soil pH.展开更多
Traditional cancer therapies have limitations like poor efficacy on advanced tumors,healthy tissue damage,side effects,and drug resistance,creating an urgent need for new strategies.Hydrogels have good biocompatibilit...Traditional cancer therapies have limitations like poor efficacy on advanced tumors,healthy tissue damage,side effects,and drug resistance,creating an urgent need for new strategies.Hydrogels have good biocompatibility and controlled release,while extracellular vesicles(EVs)enable targeting and bioactive transport.This review systematically summarizes hydrogels and EVs,focusing on the construction of hydrogel-EV delivery system,key influencing factors,drug delivery mechanisms,and tumor therapy apps,clarifying their synergies.The system overcomes single-carrier flaws,construction methods/key factors affect performance,preclinical studies have confirmed efficacy in multiple therapies,but large-scale production and in vivo stability challenges remain,yet it promises to overcome the limits of traditional therapy for precision oncology.展开更多
Against the backdrop of intensifying global water scarcity,reclaimed water reuse has emerged as a critical strategy for ecological replenishment of landscape water bodies.However,its potential ecological risks remain ...Against the backdrop of intensifying global water scarcity,reclaimed water reuse has emerged as a critical strategy for ecological replenishment of landscape water bodies.However,its potential ecological risks remain underexplored.This study aims to establish a multidimensional ecological safety evaluation framework for reclaimed water replenishment systems and propose hierarchical risk prevention strategies.By integrating ecotoxicological assays(algae growth inhibition,Daphnia behavioral anomalies,zebrafish embryo toxicity),multimedia exposure modeling,and Monte Carlo probabilistic simulations,the risk contributions and spatial heterogeneity of typical pollutants are quantitatively analyzed.Results revealed that sulfamethoxazole(RQ=2.3)and diclofenac(RQ=1.8)posed high ecological risks,with their effects nonlinearly correlated with hydraulic retention time(HRT<3 days)and nutrient loading(TN>1.2 mg/L).A three-tier risk prevention system was developed based on the“source-pathway-receptor”framework:ozone-activated carbon pretreatment achieved 85%removal efficiency for pharmaceutical contaminants,ecological floating beds enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus retention by 40%-60%,and hydraulic regulation(flow velocity>0.1 m/s)effectively suppressed pathogen proliferation.The innovation of this study lies in establishing a chemical-biological-hydrological coupled risk quantification model for reclaimed water reuse scenarios.The hierarchical prevention standards have been incorporated into local reclaimed water management regulations,providing a scientific foundation and technical paradigm for sustainable landscape water replenishment.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)auscultation has a long history,and with advancements in equipment and analytical methods,the quantitative analysis of auscultation parameters has determined.However,the complexity and...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)auscultation has a long history,and with advancements in equipment and analytical methods,the quantitative analysis of auscultation parameters has determined.However,the complexity and diversity of auscultation,along with variations in devices,analytical methods,and applications,bring challenges to its standardization and deeper application.This review presents the advancements in auscultation equipment and systems,auscultation characteristic parameters,and their application in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases and syndromes over the past 10 years,while also exploring the progress and challenges of current digital research of auscultation.This review also proposes the establishment of standardized protocols for the collection and analysis of auscultation data,the incorporation of advanced artificial intelligence(AI)auscultation analysis methods,and an exploration of the diagnostic utility of auscultatory features in pulmonary diseases and syndromes,so as to provide more precise decision support for intelligent diagnosis of pulmonary diseases and syndromes.展开更多
This paper studies a cooperative relay transmission system within the framework of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radio Frequency/Underwater Optical Wireless Communication(MIMO-RF/UOWC),aiming to establish sea-based h...This paper studies a cooperative relay transmission system within the framework of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radio Frequency/Underwater Optical Wireless Communication(MIMO-RF/UOWC),aiming to establish sea-based heterogeneous networks.In this setup,the RF links obey κ-μ fading,while the UOWC links undergo the generalized Gamma fading with the pointing error impairments.The relay operates under an Amplify-and-Forward(AF)protocol.Additionally,the attenuation caused by the Absorption and Scattering(AaS)is considered in UOWC links.The work yields precise results for the Average Channel Capacity(ACC),Outage Probability(OP),and average Bit Error Rate(BER).Furthermore,to reveal deeper insights,bounds on the ACC and asymptotic results for the OP and average BER are derived.The findings highlight the superior performance of MIMO-RF/UOWC AF systems compared to Single-Input-Single-Output(SISO)-RF/UOWC AF systems.Various factors affecting the Diversity Gain(DG)of the MIMO-RF/UOWC AF system include the number of antennas/apertures,fading parameters of both links,and pointing error parameters.Moreover,while an increase in the AaS effect can result in significant attenuation,it does not determine the achievable DG of the proposed MIMO-RF/UOWC AF relaying system.展开更多
With the increasing high-risk factors in a changing world,building a resilient marine economy is becoming increasingly essential for sustainable coastal governance.This study aimed to assess the resilience of marine e...With the increasing high-risk factors in a changing world,building a resilient marine economy is becoming increasingly essential for sustainable coastal governance.This study aimed to assess the resilience of marine ecological-economic systems(MEES)using a multi-level approach.Using Chinese coastal regions as an example,we first developed a conceptual framework to establish the indicators for measuring the resilience of MEES.Subsequently,the study introduced the projection pursuit model,coupling coordination model,and correlation network analysis to unpack the system complexities of resilience development at different levels.The results revealed that the resilience of MEES has expanded nearly twice over the last decade,which is largely attributed to the implementation of a national strategy for building maritime power.Spatial disparities in resilience have increasingly become obvious,with developed regions commonly achieving higher resilience levels while less developed regions present inadequate resilience growth because of a lack of robustness and recoverability.In addition,the coordination of the resilience dimensions has shifted from mild disorder to primary coordination.The resilience indicators related to technological inputs had higher network centralities and significantly affected the dynamics of MEES resilience.The study’s findings provide useful implications for guiding policy arrangements and planning practices in the Chinese coastal regions.展开更多
The potentiostatic intermittent titration technique(PITT)is widely used to determine the diffusion coefficient of ions in electrode materials for rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries,pred...The potentiostatic intermittent titration technique(PITT)is widely used to determine the diffusion coefficient of ions in electrode materials for rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries,predicated on the assumption that the insertion/extraction of ions in the host materials is governed by diffusion.However,in practical scenarios,the electrochemical process might be dominated by interfacial reaction kinetics rather than diffusion.The present work derives analytical equations for electric current by considering the finite interfacial reaction kinetics and small overpotentials during PITT measurements and further studies the chemical stress field induced by the interfacial reaction-controlled ion insertion.The exchange current density(j_(0))can be ascertained using the analytical equation,which dictates the magnitude and decay rate of the electric current during a PITT process.The electric current decays more rapidly,and consequently,the lithium concentration reaches equilibrium faster for larger values of j_(0).The magnitude of the chemical stress is independent of j_(0) but depends on the overpotential.展开更多
1.Background In the chemical industry,process plants-commonly referred to as plantwide systems-typically consist of many process units(unit operations).Driven by the considerable economic efficiency offered by complex...1.Background In the chemical industry,process plants-commonly referred to as plantwide systems-typically consist of many process units(unit operations).Driven by the considerable economic efficiency offered by complex and interactive process designs,modern plantwide systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated.The operation of these processes is typically characterized by the complexity of individual units(subsystems)and the intricate interactions between geographically distributed units through networks of material and energy flows,as well as control loops[1].展开更多
In the era of big data,data-driven technologies are increasingly leveraged by industry to facilitate autonomous learning and intelligent decision-making.However,the challenge of“small samples in big data”emerges whe...In the era of big data,data-driven technologies are increasingly leveraged by industry to facilitate autonomous learning and intelligent decision-making.However,the challenge of“small samples in big data”emerges when datasets lack the comprehensive information necessary for addressing complex scenarios,which hampers adaptability.Thus,enhancing data completeness is essential.Knowledge-guided virtual sample generation transforms domain knowledge into extensive virtual datasets,thereby reducing dependence on limited real samples and enabling zero-sample fault diagnosis.This study used building air conditioning systems as a case study.We innovatively used the large language model(LLM)to acquire domain knowledge for sample generation,significantly lowering knowledge acquisition costs and establishing a generalized framework for knowledge acquisition in engineering applications.This acquired knowledge guided the design of diffusion boundaries in mega-trend diffusion(MTD),while the Monte Carlo method was used to sample within the diffusion function to create information-rich virtual samples.Additionally,a noise-adding technique was introduced to enhance the information entropy of these samples,thereby improving the robustness of neural networks trained with them.Experimental results showed that training the diagnostic model exclusively with virtual samples achieved an accuracy of 72.80%,significantly surpassing traditional small-sample supervised learning in terms of generalization.This underscores the quality and completeness of the generated virtual samples.展开更多
Floating photovoltaic(FPV)systems provide dual benefits in renewable energy generation and water resource utilization,supporting global decarbonization efforts.This study conducts a full life cycle assessment(LCA)of F...Floating photovoltaic(FPV)systems provide dual benefits in renewable energy generation and water resource utilization,supporting global decarbonization efforts.This study conducts a full life cycle assessment(LCA)of FPV systems,covering material production,construction,operation,and decommissioning stages.Particular attention was given to ecological risks,an often overlooked aspect in previous environmental evaluations.A structured ecological risk matrix is developed integrating physical,chemical,and biological indicators to evaluate environmental disturbances caused by FPV systems.The framework was applied to eight representative water bodies in China,including Taihu Lake(characterized by high nutrient loading),Danjiangkou Reservoir(a major drinking water source),and Poyang Lake(an ecologically sensitive wetland).Each site is evaluted using a semi-quantitative scoring system based on ecological sensitivity and FPV disturbance potential.Risk levels were classified to guide deployment suitability(0-6),identify high-risk areas,and support mitigation strategies.The findings revealed significant spatial heterogeneity in ecosystem vulnerability and highlighted the lack of standardized protocols for ecological risk assessment in FPV projects.In response,this study proposed context-specific design recommendations,including adjustments to module density,transparency,and anchoring methods,to minimize ecological impacts.This research provides a transferable tool for incorporating ecological metrics into FPV planning and regulatory review,particularly in freshwater ecosystems.It contributes to the development of risk-informed deployment guidelines and emphasizes the need for long-term ecological monitoring in FPV expansion.展开更多
Objectives:Recently,the global esports industry has experienced remarkable growth,leading to an expansion in the scale and influence of professional player communities.However,despite this outward growth,systems to pr...Objectives:Recently,the global esports industry has experienced remarkable growth,leading to an expansion in the scale and influence of professional player communities.However,despite this outward growth,systems to protect players’mental health remain inadequate.Comprehensive analysis of structural risk factors,including performance pressure,public evaluation,and career instability,remains insufficient.This study,aimed to explore stressors encountered by esports athletes,coping strategies,and the role of social support systems in safeguarding mental health.Using the transactional model of stress and coping,the job demands–resources model,and social support theory,the study adopts an integrated perspective to examine challenges faced by athletes in the competitive esports environment.Methods:A qualitative case study was conducted involving in-depth interviews and nonparticipant observations with 11 esports athletes who competed at national or international levels,as well as two team managers.Thematic analysis identified recurring patterns in the data,and credibility was ensured through triangulation and cross-review among researchers.Results:Esports athletes experience multiple interacting stressors,including performance demands,emotional strain duringmatches,and continuous evaluation on socialmedia.In response,they employed coping strategies—problem-focused,emotion-focused,and avoidance-based,which provided temporary relief but often led to burnout and self-regulation failure owing to absence of support systems.Social support networks had ambivalent effects:while offering comfort,they also intensified pressure through negative feedback and high expectations from fans and online communities.Conclusion:The findings show that mental health issues among esports athletes are not only related to individual factors but are closely linked to performance-driven structures,competitive environments,and social relationships.This study integrates the transactional model of stress and coping,the JobDemands–Resourcesmodel,and social support theoryto provide comprehensive analysis.It also offers practical recommendations,including psychological counseling,emotional labor programs,and improved communication with families and fan communities.展开更多
Earth is moving through a period of extreme uncertainty as global climates change,natural disasters become more frequent and severe,and governments grapple with the difficulty these issues pose for managing natural re...Earth is moving through a period of extreme uncertainty as global climates change,natural disasters become more frequent and severe,and governments grapple with the difficulty these issues pose for managing natural resources and people.Nowhere are these challenges more pressing than across the world's drylands,where a combination of hotter drier climates challenge food security,sustainable food production and often fuel unrest and political instability.It is against this backdrop that Fu and Stafford Smith,two global leaders in dryland science draw on>80 years of collective wisdom on drylands to describe how humans and natural processes intersect in an era of global change(Fu and Stafford Smith,2024).展开更多
The health of cropland systems is directly related to the degree of food security guarantee,and the‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection is of great significance for maintaining the health of cropland syst...The health of cropland systems is directly related to the degree of food security guarantee,and the‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection is of great significance for maintaining the health of cropland systems.Taking the typical black soil region in Northeast China(TBSN)as an example,this paper combined the concept of‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection with crop-land systems health,constructed a health assessment model for cropland systems,and used Google Earth Engine to conduct a quantitat-ive analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of cropland systems health in TBSN during 2003–2023.By coupling the geographical detector and the Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression(MGWR)model,the driving factors of cropland health changes were explored.The study finds that during the research period,the health status of cropland systems in TBSN showed a slight downward trend,and the distribution pattern of cropland systems health gradually shifted from‘better in the east’to‘high in the northeast and low in the southwest’.Changes in average annual sunshine duration,relative humidity,and precipitation had a significant impact on the spa-tial differentiation of cropland systems health in the early stages,and were considered as dominant factors.Meanwhile,the influence of dual dominant factors in the natural environment on cropland systems health is increasing.Furthermore,the MGWR model performed better in revealing the complex relationships between natural and social factors and changes in cropland systems health,demonstrating the significant spatial heterogeneity of the impacts of natural environment and human activities on cropland systems health.The re-search can provide scientific guidance for the sustainable development of TBSN and formulate more precise and effective cropland pro-tection policies.展开更多
A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or l...A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or livelocks.The proposed method takes an uncontrolled and bounded PN model(UPNM)of the FMS.Firstly,the reduced PNM(RPNM)is obtained from the UPNM by using PN reduction rules to reduce the computation burden.Then,the set of strict minimal siphons(SMSs)of the RPNM is computed.Next,the complementary set of SMSs is computed from the set of SMSs.By the union of these two sets,the superset of SMSs is computed.Finally,the set of subnets of the RPNM is obtained by applying the PN reduction rules to the superset of SMSs.All these subnets suffer from deadlocks.These subnets are then ordered from the smallest one to the largest one based on a criterion.To enforce liveness on these subnets,a set of control places(CPs)is computed starting from the smallest subnet to the largest one.Once all subnets are live,this process provides the LES,consisting of a set of CPs to be used for the UPNM.The live controlled PN model(CPNM)is constructed by merging the LES with the UPNM.The SbDaC policy is applicable to all classes of PNs related to FMS prone to deadlocks or livelocks.Several FMS examples are considered from the literature to highlight the applicability of the SbDaC policy.In particular,three examples are utilized to emphasize the importance,applicability and effectiveness of the SbDaC policy to realistic FMS with very large state spaces.展开更多
Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for...Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for mitigating the energy crisis.A comprehensive review connecting the advancements in engineered radiative cooling systems(ERCSs),encompassing material and structural design as well as thermal and energy-related applications,is currently absent.Herein,this review begins with a concise summary of the essential concepts of ERCSs,followed by an introduction to engineered materials and structures,containing nature-inspired designs,chromatic materials,meta-structural configurations,and multilayered constructions.It subsequently encapsulates the primary applications,including thermal-regulating textiles and energy-saving devices.Next,it highlights the challenges of ERCSs,including maximized thermoregulatory effects,environmental adaptability,scalability and sustainability,and interdisciplinary integration.It seeks to offer direction for forthcoming fundamental research and industrial advancement of radiative cooling systems in real-world applications.展开更多
基金Supported by State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co.,Ltd.Science and Technology Project Funding(No.B311DS230005).
文摘To address the issue of coordinated control of multiple hydrogen and battery storage units to suppress the grid-injected power deviation of wind farms,an online optimization strategy for Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage systems based on measurement feedback is proposed.First,considering the high charge/discharge losses of hydrogen storage and the low energy density of battery storage,an operational optimization objective is established to enable adaptive energy adjustment in the Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system.Next,an online optimization model minimizing the operational cost of the hybrid system is constructed to suppress grid-injected power deviations with satisfying the operational constraints of hydrogen storage and batteries.Finally,utilizing the online measurement of the energy states of hydrogen storage and batteries,an online optimization strategy based on measurement feedback is designed.Case study results show:before and after smoothing the fluctuations in wind power,the time when the power exceeded the upper and lower limits of the grid-injected power accounted for 24.1%and 1.45%of the total time,respectively,the proposed strategy can effectively keep the grid-injected power deviations of wind farms within the allowable range.Hydrogen storage and batteries respectively undertake long-term and short-term charge/discharge tasks,effectively reducing charge/discharge losses of the Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage systems and improving its operational efficiency.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of the State Grid Corporation of China,Grant number 5700-202223189A-1-1-ZN.
文摘Renewable Energy Systems(RES)provide a sustainable solution to climate warming and environmental pollution by enhancing stability and reliability through status acquisition and analysis on cloud platforms and intelligent processing on edge servers(ES).However,securely distributing encrypted data stored in the cloud to terminals that meet decryption requirements has become a prominent research topic.Additionally,managing attributes,including addition,deletion,and modification,is a crucial issue in the access control scheme for RES.To address these security concerns,a trust-based ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption(CP-ABE)device access control scheme is proposed for RES(TB-CP-ABE).This scheme effectivelymanages the distribution and control of encrypted data on the cloud through robust attribute key management.By introducing trust management mechanisms and outsourced decryption technology,the ES system can effectively assess and manage the trust worthiness of terminal devices,ensuring that only trusted devices can participate in data exchange and access sensitive information.Besides,the ES system dynamically evaluates trust scores to set decryption trust thresholds,thereby regulating device data access permissions and enhancing the system’s security.To validate the security of the proposed TB-CP-ABE against chosen plaintext attacks,a comprehensive formal security analysis is conducted using the widely accepted random oraclemodel under the decisional q-Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponent(q-BDHE)assumption.Finally,comparative analysis with other schemes demonstrates that the TB-CP-ABE scheme cuts energy/communication costs by 43%,and scaleswell with rising terminals,maintaining average latency below 50ms,ensuring real-time service feasibility.The proposed scheme not only provides newinsights for the secure management of RES but also lays a foundation for future secure energy solutions.
文摘Car manufacturers aim to enhance the use of two-factor authentication (2FA) to protect keyless entry systems in contemporary cars. Despite providing significant ease for users, keyless entry systems have become more susceptible to appealing attacks like relay attacks and critical fob hacking. These weaknesses present considerable security threats, resulting in unauthorized entry and car theft. The suggested approach combines a conventional keyless entry feature with an extra security measure. Implementing multi-factor authentication significantly improves the security of systems that allow keyless entry by reducing the likelihood of unauthorized access. Research shows that the benefits of using two-factor authentication, such as a substantial increase in security, far outweigh any minor drawbacks.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS),China(No.2021-I2M-1-026)。
文摘Intratumoral bacteria have been proven to be widely exist in tumors,different tumors of different systems have different types of characteristic bacteria.Intratumoral bacteria will become a new and important biomarker in the full cycle of tumor development.This article emphasizes the key role of intratumoral bacteria in the occurrence and progress of tumors,including promoting tumor development,accelerating tumor metastasis and promoting tumor cell resistance.In addition,this article also summarizes the application of intratumoral bacteria in tumor diagnosis and prognosis.Especially,this article outlines the treatment strategies of intratumoral bacteria,including non-nanodelivery therapy strategies and nanodelivery therapy strategies,such as antibiotic,macromolecular,inflammatory factor inhibitors,near-infrared-photothermal therapy,inorganic antibacterial agents,reactive species and microbes therapy,in these strategies,nano delivery system provides a promising treatment that solves the problem of drug resistance,reducing toxicity and improving patient compliance.This article is hoped to guide future research on intratumoral bacteria on tumors.
文摘Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP)systems play a pivotal role in modern organizations by integrating business processes,enhancing operational efficiency,and supporting decision-making.Evaluating the success of ERP implementations remains a critical challenge for both researchers and practitioners.The DeLone&McLean(D&M)Information Systems(IS)Success Model has been widely adopted as a theoretical framework to assess ERP success,yet its application in dynamic and evolving technological landscapes requires further examination.This systematic review synthesizes empirical studies from 2017 to 2024 that apply the D&M Model to evaluate ERP system success.The study aims to:(1)identify key trends in the application of the D&M Model across different organizational and technological contexts,(2)analyze the most influential success factors-system quality,information quality,service quality,user satisfaction,use,and net benefits-and their interrelationships,and(3)highlight emerging challenges and opportunities for refining the model in ERP research.Findings reveal that while the D&M Model provides a robust foundation for assessing ERP success,contextual factors such as organizational climate,leadership support,and mandatory vs.voluntary usage significantly influence outcomes.Additionally,advancements in digital transformation,AI,and cloud-based ERP systems introduce new dimensions that the traditional model may not fully capture.The review also identifies gaps in longitudinal studies and cross-cultural validations of the D&M Model in ERP settings.Based on the analysis,this paper proposes an enhanced framework that integrates dynamic moderators and post-implementation metrics to better align the D&M Model with contemporary ERP environments.The study contributes to IS literature by offering a comprehensive evaluation of the D&M Model’s applicability and limitations in ERP research,while providing actionable insights for organizations seeking to optimize ERP success.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3707902)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M752168)+1 种基金Jiangsu Funding Programfor Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2024ZB393)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42407126).
文摘Chemical leaching techniques have been proven effective in removing heavymetal contaminants fromsoil using various leaching agents.Previous research has shown that both singleagent and composite leaching systems have been applied for the remediation of chromiumcontaminated soils,with varying degrees of success depending on soil type and contaminant form.However,the removal rate of total chromium(Cr)and hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))often fluctuates based on the chemical composition of the leaching agents,as well as the soil’s physicochemical properties,such as pH and Cr speciation stability.Therefore,this study investigates the effectiveness of 20 composite leaching systems,including deionized water,lime water,calcium chloride,sodium carbonate,and sodium phosphate,through soil column leaching tests.The aim was to evaluate their impact on soil pH,total Cr,and Cr(Ⅵ)removal,and to examine the transformation of various Cr species during the leaching process.Results reveal that lime water and sodium phosphate were particularly effective in stabilizing Cr(Ⅵ)and neutralizing soil pH,while total Cr removal amount ranged from 197.4 mg/kg to 1671.6 mg/kg and Cr(Ⅵ)removal amount ranged from 113.2mg/kg to 316.8mg/kg.We also find that using 0.2 mol/L citric acid,0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid,and 1.2 mL/g lime solution adjusted soil pH to 7.37,with average removal efficiencies of 34.6%.for total Cr and 72.7%for Cr(Ⅵ).Overall,our results suggest that the combined use of lime water and sodium phosphate is an effective strategy for remediating chromium-contaminated soil,particularly for stabilizing unleached Cr and adjusting soil pH.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.82260596)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(grant No.20242BAB25506)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Jiangxi Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission(grant No.202410246)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant No.2023M741523)he Science and Technology Program of Jiangxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(grant No.2024A0028)the Outstanding Youth Fund Program of Jiangxi Province(grant No.20252BAC220050)the Nanchang University Internal Funding Program Fund(grant No.2023efyB05).
文摘Traditional cancer therapies have limitations like poor efficacy on advanced tumors,healthy tissue damage,side effects,and drug resistance,creating an urgent need for new strategies.Hydrogels have good biocompatibility and controlled release,while extracellular vesicles(EVs)enable targeting and bioactive transport.This review systematically summarizes hydrogels and EVs,focusing on the construction of hydrogel-EV delivery system,key influencing factors,drug delivery mechanisms,and tumor therapy apps,clarifying their synergies.The system overcomes single-carrier flaws,construction methods/key factors affect performance,preclinical studies have confirmed efficacy in multiple therapies,but large-scale production and in vivo stability challenges remain,yet it promises to overcome the limits of traditional therapy for precision oncology.
文摘Against the backdrop of intensifying global water scarcity,reclaimed water reuse has emerged as a critical strategy for ecological replenishment of landscape water bodies.However,its potential ecological risks remain underexplored.This study aims to establish a multidimensional ecological safety evaluation framework for reclaimed water replenishment systems and propose hierarchical risk prevention strategies.By integrating ecotoxicological assays(algae growth inhibition,Daphnia behavioral anomalies,zebrafish embryo toxicity),multimedia exposure modeling,and Monte Carlo probabilistic simulations,the risk contributions and spatial heterogeneity of typical pollutants are quantitatively analyzed.Results revealed that sulfamethoxazole(RQ=2.3)and diclofenac(RQ=1.8)posed high ecological risks,with their effects nonlinearly correlated with hydraulic retention time(HRT<3 days)and nutrient loading(TN>1.2 mg/L).A three-tier risk prevention system was developed based on the“source-pathway-receptor”framework:ozone-activated carbon pretreatment achieved 85%removal efficiency for pharmaceutical contaminants,ecological floating beds enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus retention by 40%-60%,and hydraulic regulation(flow velocity>0.1 m/s)effectively suppressed pathogen proliferation.The innovation of this study lies in establishing a chemical-biological-hydrological coupled risk quantification model for reclaimed water reuse scenarios.The hierarchical prevention standards have been incorporated into local reclaimed water management regulations,providing a scientific foundation and technical paradigm for sustainable landscape water replenishment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104738)National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)High-level Key Discipline Construction Project:TCM Diagnostics(ZYYZDXK-2023069).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)auscultation has a long history,and with advancements in equipment and analytical methods,the quantitative analysis of auscultation parameters has determined.However,the complexity and diversity of auscultation,along with variations in devices,analytical methods,and applications,bring challenges to its standardization and deeper application.This review presents the advancements in auscultation equipment and systems,auscultation characteristic parameters,and their application in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases and syndromes over the past 10 years,while also exploring the progress and challenges of current digital research of auscultation.This review also proposes the establishment of standardized protocols for the collection and analysis of auscultation data,the incorporation of advanced artificial intelligence(AI)auscultation analysis methods,and an exploration of the diagnostic utility of auscultatory features in pulmonary diseases and syndromes,so as to provide more precise decision support for intelligent diagnosis of pulmonary diseases and syndromes.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62301272the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications under Grants NY223023 and NY223027.
文摘This paper studies a cooperative relay transmission system within the framework of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radio Frequency/Underwater Optical Wireless Communication(MIMO-RF/UOWC),aiming to establish sea-based heterogeneous networks.In this setup,the RF links obey κ-μ fading,while the UOWC links undergo the generalized Gamma fading with the pointing error impairments.The relay operates under an Amplify-and-Forward(AF)protocol.Additionally,the attenuation caused by the Absorption and Scattering(AaS)is considered in UOWC links.The work yields precise results for the Average Channel Capacity(ACC),Outage Probability(OP),and average Bit Error Rate(BER).Furthermore,to reveal deeper insights,bounds on the ACC and asymptotic results for the OP and average BER are derived.The findings highlight the superior performance of MIMO-RF/UOWC AF systems compared to Single-Input-Single-Output(SISO)-RF/UOWC AF systems.Various factors affecting the Diversity Gain(DG)of the MIMO-RF/UOWC AF system include the number of antennas/apertures,fading parameters of both links,and pointing error parameters.Moreover,while an increase in the AaS effect can result in significant attenuation,it does not determine the achievable DG of the proposed MIMO-RF/UOWC AF relaying system.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China[Grant No.25CJY091].
文摘With the increasing high-risk factors in a changing world,building a resilient marine economy is becoming increasingly essential for sustainable coastal governance.This study aimed to assess the resilience of marine ecological-economic systems(MEES)using a multi-level approach.Using Chinese coastal regions as an example,we first developed a conceptual framework to establish the indicators for measuring the resilience of MEES.Subsequently,the study introduced the projection pursuit model,coupling coordination model,and correlation network analysis to unpack the system complexities of resilience development at different levels.The results revealed that the resilience of MEES has expanded nearly twice over the last decade,which is largely attributed to the implementation of a national strategy for building maritime power.Spatial disparities in resilience have increasingly become obvious,with developed regions commonly achieving higher resilience levels while less developed regions present inadequate resilience growth because of a lack of robustness and recoverability.In addition,the coordination of the resilience dimensions has shifted from mild disorder to primary coordination.The resilience indicators related to technological inputs had higher network centralities and significantly affected the dynamics of MEES resilience.The study’s findings provide useful implications for guiding policy arrangements and planning practices in the Chinese coastal regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12374003)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515030256)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.JCYJ20220531095208019 and GXWD20231129103124001).
文摘The potentiostatic intermittent titration technique(PITT)is widely used to determine the diffusion coefficient of ions in electrode materials for rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries,predicated on the assumption that the insertion/extraction of ions in the host materials is governed by diffusion.However,in practical scenarios,the electrochemical process might be dominated by interfacial reaction kinetics rather than diffusion.The present work derives analytical equations for electric current by considering the finite interfacial reaction kinetics and small overpotentials during PITT measurements and further studies the chemical stress field induced by the interfacial reaction-controlled ion insertion.The exchange current density(j_(0))can be ascertained using the analytical equation,which dictates the magnitude and decay rate of the electric current during a PITT process.The electric current decays more rapidly,and consequently,the lithium concentration reaches equilibrium faster for larger values of j_(0).The magnitude of the chemical stress is independent of j_(0) but depends on the overpotential.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62103283)the Australia Research Council’s Discovery Pro-jects Scheme(DP220100355).
文摘1.Background In the chemical industry,process plants-commonly referred to as plantwide systems-typically consist of many process units(unit operations).Driven by the considerable economic efficiency offered by complex and interactive process designs,modern plantwide systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated.The operation of these processes is typically characterized by the complexity of individual units(subsystems)and the intricate interactions between geographically distributed units through networks of material and energy flows,as well as control loops[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62306281)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LQ23E060006 and LTGG24E050005)the Key Research Plan of Jiaxing City(No.2024BZ20016).
文摘In the era of big data,data-driven technologies are increasingly leveraged by industry to facilitate autonomous learning and intelligent decision-making.However,the challenge of“small samples in big data”emerges when datasets lack the comprehensive information necessary for addressing complex scenarios,which hampers adaptability.Thus,enhancing data completeness is essential.Knowledge-guided virtual sample generation transforms domain knowledge into extensive virtual datasets,thereby reducing dependence on limited real samples and enabling zero-sample fault diagnosis.This study used building air conditioning systems as a case study.We innovatively used the large language model(LLM)to acquire domain knowledge for sample generation,significantly lowering knowledge acquisition costs and establishing a generalized framework for knowledge acquisition in engineering applications.This acquired knowledge guided the design of diffusion boundaries in mega-trend diffusion(MTD),while the Monte Carlo method was used to sample within the diffusion function to create information-rich virtual samples.Additionally,a noise-adding technique was introduced to enhance the information entropy of these samples,thereby improving the robustness of neural networks trained with them.Experimental results showed that training the diagnostic model exclusively with virtual samples achieved an accuracy of 72.80%,significantly surpassing traditional small-sample supervised learning in terms of generalization.This underscores the quality and completeness of the generated virtual samples.
基金supported by the Key Project of Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2023-JC-ZD-28)the Shaanxi Key Research and Development Program,China(No.2023GXLH-056).
文摘Floating photovoltaic(FPV)systems provide dual benefits in renewable energy generation and water resource utilization,supporting global decarbonization efforts.This study conducts a full life cycle assessment(LCA)of FPV systems,covering material production,construction,operation,and decommissioning stages.Particular attention was given to ecological risks,an often overlooked aspect in previous environmental evaluations.A structured ecological risk matrix is developed integrating physical,chemical,and biological indicators to evaluate environmental disturbances caused by FPV systems.The framework was applied to eight representative water bodies in China,including Taihu Lake(characterized by high nutrient loading),Danjiangkou Reservoir(a major drinking water source),and Poyang Lake(an ecologically sensitive wetland).Each site is evaluted using a semi-quantitative scoring system based on ecological sensitivity and FPV disturbance potential.Risk levels were classified to guide deployment suitability(0-6),identify high-risk areas,and support mitigation strategies.The findings revealed significant spatial heterogeneity in ecosystem vulnerability and highlighted the lack of standardized protocols for ecological risk assessment in FPV projects.In response,this study proposed context-specific design recommendations,including adjustments to module density,transparency,and anchoring methods,to minimize ecological impacts.This research provides a transferable tool for incorporating ecological metrics into FPV planning and regulatory review,particularly in freshwater ecosystems.It contributes to the development of risk-informed deployment guidelines and emphasizes the need for long-term ecological monitoring in FPV expansion.
文摘Objectives:Recently,the global esports industry has experienced remarkable growth,leading to an expansion in the scale and influence of professional player communities.However,despite this outward growth,systems to protect players’mental health remain inadequate.Comprehensive analysis of structural risk factors,including performance pressure,public evaluation,and career instability,remains insufficient.This study,aimed to explore stressors encountered by esports athletes,coping strategies,and the role of social support systems in safeguarding mental health.Using the transactional model of stress and coping,the job demands–resources model,and social support theory,the study adopts an integrated perspective to examine challenges faced by athletes in the competitive esports environment.Methods:A qualitative case study was conducted involving in-depth interviews and nonparticipant observations with 11 esports athletes who competed at national or international levels,as well as two team managers.Thematic analysis identified recurring patterns in the data,and credibility was ensured through triangulation and cross-review among researchers.Results:Esports athletes experience multiple interacting stressors,including performance demands,emotional strain duringmatches,and continuous evaluation on socialmedia.In response,they employed coping strategies—problem-focused,emotion-focused,and avoidance-based,which provided temporary relief but often led to burnout and self-regulation failure owing to absence of support systems.Social support networks had ambivalent effects:while offering comfort,they also intensified pressure through negative feedback and high expectations from fans and online communities.Conclusion:The findings show that mental health issues among esports athletes are not only related to individual factors but are closely linked to performance-driven structures,competitive environments,and social relationships.This study integrates the transactional model of stress and coping,the JobDemands–Resourcesmodel,and social support theoryto provide comprehensive analysis.It also offers practical recommendations,including psychological counseling,emotional labor programs,and improved communication with families and fan communities.
文摘Earth is moving through a period of extreme uncertainty as global climates change,natural disasters become more frequent and severe,and governments grapple with the difficulty these issues pose for managing natural resources and people.Nowhere are these challenges more pressing than across the world's drylands,where a combination of hotter drier climates challenge food security,sustainable food production and often fuel unrest and political instability.It is against this backdrop that Fu and Stafford Smith,two global leaders in dryland science draw on>80 years of collective wisdom on drylands to describe how humans and natural processes intersect in an era of global change(Fu and Stafford Smith,2024).
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund Project(No.41701424)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science(No.OFSLRSS201716)+1 种基金Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project(No.20240701167FG)Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jilin Province(No.JJKH20230502KJ)。
文摘The health of cropland systems is directly related to the degree of food security guarantee,and the‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection is of great significance for maintaining the health of cropland systems.Taking the typical black soil region in Northeast China(TBSN)as an example,this paper combined the concept of‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection with crop-land systems health,constructed a health assessment model for cropland systems,and used Google Earth Engine to conduct a quantitat-ive analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of cropland systems health in TBSN during 2003–2023.By coupling the geographical detector and the Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression(MGWR)model,the driving factors of cropland health changes were explored.The study finds that during the research period,the health status of cropland systems in TBSN showed a slight downward trend,and the distribution pattern of cropland systems health gradually shifted from‘better in the east’to‘high in the northeast and low in the southwest’.Changes in average annual sunshine duration,relative humidity,and precipitation had a significant impact on the spa-tial differentiation of cropland systems health in the early stages,and were considered as dominant factors.Meanwhile,the influence of dual dominant factors in the natural environment on cropland systems health is increasing.Furthermore,the MGWR model performed better in revealing the complex relationships between natural and social factors and changes in cropland systems health,demonstrating the significant spatial heterogeneity of the impacts of natural environment and human activities on cropland systems health.The re-search can provide scientific guidance for the sustainable development of TBSN and formulate more precise and effective cropland pro-tection policies.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to King Saud University,Saudi Arabia for funding this work through the Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-704),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or livelocks.The proposed method takes an uncontrolled and bounded PN model(UPNM)of the FMS.Firstly,the reduced PNM(RPNM)is obtained from the UPNM by using PN reduction rules to reduce the computation burden.Then,the set of strict minimal siphons(SMSs)of the RPNM is computed.Next,the complementary set of SMSs is computed from the set of SMSs.By the union of these two sets,the superset of SMSs is computed.Finally,the set of subnets of the RPNM is obtained by applying the PN reduction rules to the superset of SMSs.All these subnets suffer from deadlocks.These subnets are then ordered from the smallest one to the largest one based on a criterion.To enforce liveness on these subnets,a set of control places(CPs)is computed starting from the smallest subnet to the largest one.Once all subnets are live,this process provides the LES,consisting of a set of CPs to be used for the UPNM.The live controlled PN model(CPNM)is constructed by merging the LES with the UPNM.The SbDaC policy is applicable to all classes of PNs related to FMS prone to deadlocks or livelocks.Several FMS examples are considered from the literature to highlight the applicability of the SbDaC policy.In particular,three examples are utilized to emphasize the importance,applicability and effectiveness of the SbDaC policy to realistic FMS with very large state spaces.
基金support from the Contract Research(“Development of Breathable Fabrics with Nano-Electrospun Membrane”,CityU ref.:9231419“Research and application of antibacterial and healing-promoting smart nanofiber dressing for children’s burn wounds”,CityU ref:PJ9240111)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(“Study of Multi-Responsive Shape Memory Polyurethane Nanocomposites Inspired by Natural Fibers”,Grant No.51673162)Startup Grant of CityU(“Laboratory of Wearable Materials for Healthcare”,Grant No.9380116).
文摘Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for mitigating the energy crisis.A comprehensive review connecting the advancements in engineered radiative cooling systems(ERCSs),encompassing material and structural design as well as thermal and energy-related applications,is currently absent.Herein,this review begins with a concise summary of the essential concepts of ERCSs,followed by an introduction to engineered materials and structures,containing nature-inspired designs,chromatic materials,meta-structural configurations,and multilayered constructions.It subsequently encapsulates the primary applications,including thermal-regulating textiles and energy-saving devices.Next,it highlights the challenges of ERCSs,including maximized thermoregulatory effects,environmental adaptability,scalability and sustainability,and interdisciplinary integration.It seeks to offer direction for forthcoming fundamental research and industrial advancement of radiative cooling systems in real-world applications.
