In this work, we show that when there is insufficient equipment for detecting a disease whose prevalence is t% in a sub-population of size N, it is optimal to divide the N samples into n groups of size r each and then...In this work, we show that when there is insufficient equipment for detecting a disease whose prevalence is t% in a sub-population of size N, it is optimal to divide the N samples into n groups of size r each and then, the value <img src="Edit_ce149849-3742-48fe-820b-02ccc0c92d83.bmp" alt="" /> allows systematic screening of all N individuals by performing less than N tests (In this expression, <img src="Edit_987eb236-a883-4894-ba2d-52bde5f35056.bmp" alt="" /> represents the floor function<sup>1</sup> of x ∈ R). Based on this result and on certain functions of the R software, we subsequently propose a probabilistic strategy capable of optimizing the screening tests under certain conditions.展开更多
School-based universal screening for behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary first step to providing services in an educational setting for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs). Psychometric proper...School-based universal screening for behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary first step to providing services in an educational setting for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs). Psychometric properties are critical to making decisions about choosing a screening instrument. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the student risk screening scale for internalizing and externalizing behaviors (SRSS-IE). Participants included 3145 students and their teachers. Item-level analyses of the current sample supported the retention of all items. The internal consistency of the SRSS items ranged from 0.83 to 0.85. Convergent validity between the SRSS-IE and a well-established screening tool, the strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), was found for the total score (r = 0.70). Additionally, the results of this study demonstrate strong social validity, suggesting the SRSS-IE to be a useful and functional screening tool. We conclude that the SRSS-IE is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the level of emotional and behavioral difficulties among elementary students.展开更多
Genes that are expressed ubiquitously throughout all developmental stages are thought to be necessary for basic biological or cellular functions. Therefore, determining their biological roles is a great challenge. We ...Genes that are expressed ubiquitously throughout all developmental stages are thought to be necessary for basic biological or cellular functions. Therefore, determining their biological roles is a great challenge. We identified 4034 of these genes in rice after studying the results of Agilent 44K and Affymetrix meta- anatomical expression profiles. Among 105 genes that were characterized by loss-of-function analysis, 79 were classified as members of gene families, the majority of which were predominantly expressed. Using T-DNA insertional mutants, we examined 43 genes and found that loss of expression of six genes caused developing seedor seedling-defective phenotypes. Of these, three are singletons without similar family members and defective phenotypes are expected from mutations. Phylogenomic analyses integrating genome-wide transcriptome data revealed the functional dominance of three ubiquitously expressed fam- ily genes. Among them, we investigated the function of OsO3g19890, which is involved in ATP generation within the mitochondria during endosperm development. We also created and evaluated functional net- works associated with this gene to understand the molecular mechanism. Our study provides a useful strategy for pheonome analysis of ubiquitously expressed genes in rice.展开更多
文摘In this work, we show that when there is insufficient equipment for detecting a disease whose prevalence is t% in a sub-population of size N, it is optimal to divide the N samples into n groups of size r each and then, the value <img src="Edit_ce149849-3742-48fe-820b-02ccc0c92d83.bmp" alt="" /> allows systematic screening of all N individuals by performing less than N tests (In this expression, <img src="Edit_987eb236-a883-4894-ba2d-52bde5f35056.bmp" alt="" /> represents the floor function<sup>1</sup> of x ∈ R). Based on this result and on certain functions of the R software, we subsequently propose a probabilistic strategy capable of optimizing the screening tests under certain conditions.
文摘School-based universal screening for behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary first step to providing services in an educational setting for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs). Psychometric properties are critical to making decisions about choosing a screening instrument. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the student risk screening scale for internalizing and externalizing behaviors (SRSS-IE). Participants included 3145 students and their teachers. Item-level analyses of the current sample supported the retention of all items. The internal consistency of the SRSS items ranged from 0.83 to 0.85. Convergent validity between the SRSS-IE and a well-established screening tool, the strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), was found for the total score (r = 0.70). Additionally, the results of this study demonstrate strong social validity, suggesting the SRSS-IE to be a useful and functional screening tool. We conclude that the SRSS-IE is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the level of emotional and behavioral difficulties among elementary students.
文摘Genes that are expressed ubiquitously throughout all developmental stages are thought to be necessary for basic biological or cellular functions. Therefore, determining their biological roles is a great challenge. We identified 4034 of these genes in rice after studying the results of Agilent 44K and Affymetrix meta- anatomical expression profiles. Among 105 genes that were characterized by loss-of-function analysis, 79 were classified as members of gene families, the majority of which were predominantly expressed. Using T-DNA insertional mutants, we examined 43 genes and found that loss of expression of six genes caused developing seedor seedling-defective phenotypes. Of these, three are singletons without similar family members and defective phenotypes are expected from mutations. Phylogenomic analyses integrating genome-wide transcriptome data revealed the functional dominance of three ubiquitously expressed fam- ily genes. Among them, we investigated the function of OsO3g19890, which is involved in ATP generation within the mitochondria during endosperm development. We also created and evaluated functional net- works associated with this gene to understand the molecular mechanism. Our study provides a useful strategy for pheonome analysis of ubiquitously expressed genes in rice.
