Considering the differences in area, precision, datum and resolution existing among the national, provincial and urban quasi-geoids, some methods such as datum transformation and weighting according to precision are p...Considering the differences in area, precision, datum and resolution existing among the national, provincial and urban quasi-geoids, some methods such as datum transformation and weighting according to precision are presented in this paper to normalize the quasi-geoid models with different areas, precisions, datums and resolutions. In this way, the seamless splicing of quasi-geoid is realized.展开更多
With the fast advance of cosmological observations,we are now entering a new era of StageⅣsurveys.These new observations will expectably deliver gigantic data sets with orders of magnitude increase in volume,enabling...With the fast advance of cosmological observations,we are now entering a new era of StageⅣsurveys.These new observations will expectably deliver gigantic data sets with orders of magnitude increase in volume,enabling highprecision cosmological studies to dramatically improve our understanding of,e.g.,the nature of dark matter,dark energy,neutrinos,and the law of gravity.To reach their scientific goal,however,stringent controls of different systematic effects are necessary.Among them,accurate predictions for the cosmological dependence of different observables are crucially important.展开更多
Objective：To summarize and critically assess the efficacy of Eastern and Western manipulative therapies for the treatment of neck pain in adults. Methods：A search of Pub Med/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of...Objective：To summarize and critically assess the efficacy of Eastern and Western manipulative therapies for the treatment of neck pain in adults. Methods：A search of Pub Med/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Clinical Trials.gov, EMBASE, etc. from their inception date to January 2014 with Chinese, Japanese, and Korean databases. Two reviewers independently selected randomized controlled trials（RCTs） with negative control or blank control, extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Meta-analysis and levels of evidence were performed by Revman5.1 and Grades of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation（GRADE） approach. Results：Nineteen clinical trials with adequate randomization were included in this review, 11 of them had a low risk of bias. The primary outcome for shortterm pain had no significant differences, however, the secondary outcome, only the Numerical Pain Rating Scale（NPRS） score of intermediate-term [n=916, pooled mean differences（MD） =–0.29, P=0.02], the Neck Disability Index（NDI） score of short-term（n=1,145, pooled MD=–2.10, P〈0.01）, and intermediate-term（n=987, pooled MD=–1.45, P=0.01） were significantly reduced with moderate quality evidence. However, it supported the minimally clinically important difference（MCID） of the Visual Analogue Scale and NPRS pain score to be 13 mm, while NDI was 3.5 points. The meta-analysis only suggested a trend in favor of manipulative therapy rather than clinical significance. Conclusions：The results do not support the existing evidences for the clinical value of Eastern or Western manipulative therapy for neck pain of short-term follow-up according to MCIDs. The limitations of our review related to blinding, allocation concealment and small sample size.展开更多
基金Supported by the National 863 Program of China (No. 2006AA12Z323)the National 973 Program of China (No. 2006CB701301)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40774008)the Open Research Fund Program of the Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy,Ministry of Education, China (06-10)the Grand Program of Zhejiang Province S and T Department (No.2008C11106-2)
文摘Considering the differences in area, precision, datum and resolution existing among the national, provincial and urban quasi-geoids, some methods such as datum transformation and weighting according to precision are presented in this paper to normalize the quasi-geoid models with different areas, precisions, datums and resolutions. In this way, the seamless splicing of quasi-geoid is realized.
文摘With the fast advance of cosmological observations,we are now entering a new era of StageⅣsurveys.These new observations will expectably deliver gigantic data sets with orders of magnitude increase in volume,enabling highprecision cosmological studies to dramatically improve our understanding of,e.g.,the nature of dark matter,dark energy,neutrinos,and the law of gravity.To reach their scientific goal,however,stringent controls of different systematic effects are necessary.Among them,accurate predictions for the cosmological dependence of different observables are crucially important.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81373666)Municipal Hospitals Cutting-Edge Technologies Emerging Joint Project(No.SHDC12013113)+3 种基金Municipal Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Chinese Medicine Key Project(No.14401970400)National Research Projects of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.201407001-2)Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Foundation(No.2012L032A)Special Project of Scientific Research Base by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.JDZX2012118),China
文摘Objective：To summarize and critically assess the efficacy of Eastern and Western manipulative therapies for the treatment of neck pain in adults. Methods：A search of Pub Med/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Clinical Trials.gov, EMBASE, etc. from their inception date to January 2014 with Chinese, Japanese, and Korean databases. Two reviewers independently selected randomized controlled trials（RCTs） with negative control or blank control, extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Meta-analysis and levels of evidence were performed by Revman5.1 and Grades of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation（GRADE） approach. Results：Nineteen clinical trials with adequate randomization were included in this review, 11 of them had a low risk of bias. The primary outcome for shortterm pain had no significant differences, however, the secondary outcome, only the Numerical Pain Rating Scale（NPRS） score of intermediate-term [n=916, pooled mean differences（MD） =–0.29, P=0.02], the Neck Disability Index（NDI） score of short-term（n=1,145, pooled MD=–2.10, P〈0.01）, and intermediate-term（n=987, pooled MD=–1.45, P=0.01） were significantly reduced with moderate quality evidence. However, it supported the minimally clinically important difference（MCID） of the Visual Analogue Scale and NPRS pain score to be 13 mm, while NDI was 3.5 points. The meta-analysis only suggested a trend in favor of manipulative therapy rather than clinical significance. Conclusions：The results do not support the existing evidences for the clinical value of Eastern or Western manipulative therapy for neck pain of short-term follow-up according to MCIDs. The limitations of our review related to blinding, allocation concealment and small sample size.
