The transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)signaling pathways are pivotal regulators of cellular processes,playing indispensable roles in embryogenesis,postnatal development,and tissue...The transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)signaling pathways are pivotal regulators of cellular processes,playing indispensable roles in embryogenesis,postnatal development,and tissue homeostasis.These pathways are particularly critical within the skeletal system,as they coordinate osteogenesis,chondrogenesis,and bone remodeling through intricate molecular mechanisms.TGF-β/BMP signaling is primarily transduced via canonical Smad-dependent pathways(e.g.,ligands,receptors,and intracellular Smads)and the non-canonical Smad-independent(e.g.,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)cascade.Both pathways converge on master transcriptional regulators,including Runx2 and Osterix,and their precise coordination is indispensable for skeletal development,maintenance,and repair.The dysregulation of TGF-β/BMP signaling contributes to a spectrum of skeletal dysplasia and bone pathologies.Advances in molecular genetics,particularly gene-targeting strategies and transgenic mouse models,have deepened our understanding of the spatiotemporal control of TGF-β/BMP signaling in bone and cartilage development.Moreover,emerging research underscores extensive crosstalk between TGF-β/BMP and other critical pathways,such as Wnt/β-catenin,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),parathyroid hormone(PTH)/PTH-related protein(PTHrP),fibroblast growth factors(FGF),Hedgehog,Notch,insulin-like growth factors(IGF)/insulin-like growth factors receptor(IGFR),Mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),and autophagy,forming an integrated regulatory network that ensures skeletal integrity.Our review synthesizes the current knowledge on the molecular components,regulatory mechanisms,and functional integration of TGF-β/BMP signaling in skeletal biology,with an emphasis on its roles in development,regeneration,and disease.By elucidating the molecular underpinnings of TGF-β/BMP pathways and their contextual interactions,we aim to highlight translational opportunities and novel therapeutic strategies for treating skeletal disorders.展开更多
Development of piezoelectric materials through chemical design meets the requirement of the nextgeneration electronic devices,yet the sensitive piezoelectricity to both chemical components and operational environment ...Development of piezoelectric materials through chemical design meets the requirement of the nextgeneration electronic devices,yet the sensitive piezoelectricity to both chemical components and operational environment call for the trial and error method during material preparation.In order to give an atomic-level understanding about functional unit and assist the chemical design,deep learning was applied to train a novelmodel based on themost popular BaTiO3 system,as a case study in this work.Through training the atomic force field of calcium and stannum doped solid-solution with Deep Potential method,3D structure of chemical distribution and corresponding polarization configuration can be constructed for different compositions under different temperatures,which exhibits a high degree of consistency with the local structure quantitatively analyzed from HAADF STEM and reverse Monte Carlo refinement of neutron total scattering data,especially for the critical composition with ultrahigh piezoelectricity of d33~860 pC/N.Systemic analysis reveals that variations in chemical bond length among various elements with oxygen elements are the primary factors influencing ferroelectric activity and leading to structural evolution.The results and methodology can facilitate the discovery of new ferroelectrics and the design of high-performance piezo/ferroelectrics with atomic-level insights.展开更多
In recent years,the Chinese Government has been committed to transforming the country\economic landscape from one focused primarily on scale to one stressing quality and competitiveness.Among the latest initiatives ar...In recent years,the Chinese Government has been committed to transforming the country\economic landscape from one focused primarily on scale to one stressing quality and competitiveness.Among the latest initiatives are:a guideline on refining the modem corporate system with Chinese features,a guideline on improving the social credit system,a law on the promotion of the private sector,and a further streamlined negative list for market access,which defines industries either prohibited or subject to government approval for investment by business entities.展开更多
In 1958, the Chinese mathematicians led by Prof. QIN Yuan-xun proposed a problem of equivalence between differential equations and differential difference equations in the stability theory. The achievements in systema...In 1958, the Chinese mathematicians led by Prof. QIN Yuan-xun proposed a problem of equivalence between differential equations and differential difference equations in the stability theory. The achievements in systematic research on the problem were summarized in [2]. In this letter, by using the idea and method in [1, 2], a theorem on the equivalence between multidelay neutral differential difference equations (NDDE) and the corresponding ordinary differential equations (ODE)in the stability theory is established.展开更多
20091589Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Xiangtan411100,China);Ma Tieqiu Progress in the Study of Mesozoic Tectono-Magmatism and Mineralization in the Central Segment of the Nanling Mountains-Summary of M...20091589Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Xiangtan411100,China);Ma Tieqiu Progress in the Study of Mesozoic Tectono-Magmatism and Mineralization in the Central Segment of the Nanling Mountains-Summary of Major Achievements of the1¨250000Geological Survey in Southeastern Hunan Province(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,35(3),2008,p.436-455,4illus.,1table,65refs.)Key words:metallogenesis,igneous processes,Nanling Mesozoic tectono-magmatism and mineralization in southeastern Hunan in the central segment of the Nanling Mountains have been systematically studied.The following ideas are put forward:1)the period from展开更多
基金supported by grants by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82571024,No.81400489)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZ23H140001,LTGY23H200006,LGC22H200012)+3 种基金Zhejiang Qianjiang Talent Program(21040040-E)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(2021Q031)Zhejiang Jiaxing Science Technology Foundation(2023AZ31004,2023AY11045,2023AY31012,2020AY10001)Zhejiang Drug&Health Foundation(2022507032,2023KY340)。
文摘The transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)signaling pathways are pivotal regulators of cellular processes,playing indispensable roles in embryogenesis,postnatal development,and tissue homeostasis.These pathways are particularly critical within the skeletal system,as they coordinate osteogenesis,chondrogenesis,and bone remodeling through intricate molecular mechanisms.TGF-β/BMP signaling is primarily transduced via canonical Smad-dependent pathways(e.g.,ligands,receptors,and intracellular Smads)and the non-canonical Smad-independent(e.g.,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)cascade.Both pathways converge on master transcriptional regulators,including Runx2 and Osterix,and their precise coordination is indispensable for skeletal development,maintenance,and repair.The dysregulation of TGF-β/BMP signaling contributes to a spectrum of skeletal dysplasia and bone pathologies.Advances in molecular genetics,particularly gene-targeting strategies and transgenic mouse models,have deepened our understanding of the spatiotemporal control of TGF-β/BMP signaling in bone and cartilage development.Moreover,emerging research underscores extensive crosstalk between TGF-β/BMP and other critical pathways,such as Wnt/β-catenin,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),parathyroid hormone(PTH)/PTH-related protein(PTHrP),fibroblast growth factors(FGF),Hedgehog,Notch,insulin-like growth factors(IGF)/insulin-like growth factors receptor(IGFR),Mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),and autophagy,forming an integrated regulatory network that ensures skeletal integrity.Our review synthesizes the current knowledge on the molecular components,regulatory mechanisms,and functional integration of TGF-β/BMP signaling in skeletal biology,with an emphasis on its roles in development,regeneration,and disease.By elucidating the molecular underpinnings of TGF-β/BMP pathways and their contextual interactions,we aim to highlight translational opportunities and novel therapeutic strategies for treating skeletal disorders.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB3508200)the Outstanding Young Scientist Program of Beijing Colleges and Universities(JWZQ20240101015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92370104,22235002 and 52172181).We acknowledge the computational resource from Beijing PARATERA Tech Corp,LTD.
文摘Development of piezoelectric materials through chemical design meets the requirement of the nextgeneration electronic devices,yet the sensitive piezoelectricity to both chemical components and operational environment call for the trial and error method during material preparation.In order to give an atomic-level understanding about functional unit and assist the chemical design,deep learning was applied to train a novelmodel based on themost popular BaTiO3 system,as a case study in this work.Through training the atomic force field of calcium and stannum doped solid-solution with Deep Potential method,3D structure of chemical distribution and corresponding polarization configuration can be constructed for different compositions under different temperatures,which exhibits a high degree of consistency with the local structure quantitatively analyzed from HAADF STEM and reverse Monte Carlo refinement of neutron total scattering data,especially for the critical composition with ultrahigh piezoelectricity of d33~860 pC/N.Systemic analysis reveals that variations in chemical bond length among various elements with oxygen elements are the primary factors influencing ferroelectric activity and leading to structural evolution.The results and methodology can facilitate the discovery of new ferroelectrics and the design of high-performance piezo/ferroelectrics with atomic-level insights.
文摘In recent years,the Chinese Government has been committed to transforming the country\economic landscape from one focused primarily on scale to one stressing quality and competitiveness.Among the latest initiatives are:a guideline on refining the modem corporate system with Chinese features,a guideline on improving the social credit system,a law on the promotion of the private sector,and a further streamlined negative list for market access,which defines industries either prohibited or subject to government approval for investment by business entities.
文摘In 1958, the Chinese mathematicians led by Prof. QIN Yuan-xun proposed a problem of equivalence between differential equations and differential difference equations in the stability theory. The achievements in systematic research on the problem were summarized in [2]. In this letter, by using the idea and method in [1, 2], a theorem on the equivalence between multidelay neutral differential difference equations (NDDE) and the corresponding ordinary differential equations (ODE)in the stability theory is established.
文摘20091589Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Xiangtan411100,China);Ma Tieqiu Progress in the Study of Mesozoic Tectono-Magmatism and Mineralization in the Central Segment of the Nanling Mountains-Summary of Major Achievements of the1¨250000Geological Survey in Southeastern Hunan Province(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,35(3),2008,p.436-455,4illus.,1table,65refs.)Key words:metallogenesis,igneous processes,Nanling Mesozoic tectono-magmatism and mineralization in southeastern Hunan in the central segment of the Nanling Mountains have been systematically studied.The following ideas are put forward:1)the period from
