Chinese modernization is unfolding at a historical moment when Western modernization,the universal narrative that shaped development thought and global governance for over seven decades,is confronting its own structur...Chinese modernization is unfolding at a historical moment when Western modernization,the universal narrative that shaped development thought and global governance for over seven decades,is confronting its own structural exhaustion.The global order produced by that narrative no longer commands coherence.展开更多
The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain....The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain.In this study,we analyze how global warming levels(GWLs)of 1.5℃ and 2℃ could affect the timing of rainfall onset(RODs),rainfall cessation(RCDs),and the overall duration of the rainy season(LRS)over global land monsoon(GLM)regions using simulations from CMIP6 under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.With high model consensus,our results reveal that RODs are projected to occur later over Southern Africa,North Africa,and South America,but earlier over South Asia and Australia,in a warmer climate.The projected early RODs in Australia are more pronounced at the 2℃ GWL under SSP5-8.5.On the other hand,early RCDs are projected over South America and East Asia,while late RCDs are projected over North Africa,with high inter-model agreement.These changes are associated with a future decrease in LRS in most GLM regions.Additionally,we found that continuous warming over 1.5℃ will further reduce the length of the rainy season,especially over the South America,North Africa,and Southern Africa monsoon regions.The findings underscore the urgent need to mitigate global warming.展开更多
Large-scale U.S.-sponsored protests and armed militants are targeting major cities across Iran,destroying property as well as killing security personnel and civilians alike.The Western media has deliberately mischarac...Large-scale U.S.-sponsored protests and armed militants are targeting major cities across Iran,destroying property as well as killing security personnel and civilians alike.The Western media has deliberately mischaracterized the violence as a one-sided government crackdown,omitting any mention of armed opposition in the streets and merely conceding that.展开更多
This study investigates the impact of vegetation-climate feedback on the global land monsoon system during the Last Interglacial(LIG,127000 years BP)and the mid-Holocene(MH,6000 years BP)using the earth system model E...This study investigates the impact of vegetation-climate feedback on the global land monsoon system during the Last Interglacial(LIG,127000 years BP)and the mid-Holocene(MH,6000 years BP)using the earth system model EC-Earth3.Our findings indicate that vegetation changes significantly influence the global monsoon area and precipitation patterns,especially in the North African and Indian monsoon regions.The North African monsoon region experienced the most substantial increase in vegetation during both the LIG and MH,resulting in significant increases in monsoonal precipitation by 9.8%and 6.0%,respectively.The vegetation feedback also intensified the Saharan Heat Low,strengthened monsoonal flows,and enhanced precipitation over the North African monsoon region.In contrast,the Indian monsoon region exhibited divergent responses to vegetation changes.During the LIG,precipitation in the Indian monsoon region decreased by 2.2%,while it increased by 1.6%during the MH.These differences highlight the complex and region-specific impacts of vegetation feedback on monsoon systems.Overall,this study demonstrates that vegetation feedback exerts distinct influences on the global monsoon during the MH and LIG.These findings highlight the importance of considering vegetation-climate feedback in understanding past monsoon variability and in predicting future climate change impacts on monsoon systems.展开更多
To help university students know more about standards,and attract them to par ticipate in s tandardization ac tivities,the International Standardization Youth Star Competition was initiated by the International Standa...To help university students know more about standards,and attract them to par ticipate in s tandardization ac tivities,the International Standardization Youth Star Competition was initiated by the International Standardization Outstanding Contribution Award Foundation(ISOCAF)in 2023,and has been held since then for three consecutive years in China.The 2025 Competition attracted 236 teams nationwide who demonstrated great enthusiasm for engaging in the standardization undertaking.The SPECIAL REPORT column presents the series reports on the competition,which is expected to inspire more young minds to step forward,innovate with purpose,and shape a future where standards unite ambition with impact.展开更多
Experts and officials shared their insights on poverty reduction cooperation and sustainable development during the 2025 International Seminar on Global Poverty Reduction Partnerships.
Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emi...Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emissions are expected to simultaneously increase the probability of regional floods and droughts,threatening ecosystems within global terrestrial monsoon regions and the freshwater supply for billions of residents in these areas.In this study,the responses of GLMP to the evolution of ITC toward the carbon neutrality goal are assessed using multimodel outputs from a new model intercomparison project(CovidMIP).The results show that the Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere(NH-SH)asymmetry of GLMP in boreal summer weakens during the 2040s,as a persistent reduction in well-mixed greenhouse gas(WMGHG)emissions leads to a downward trend in the ITC after 2040.At the same time,the reduction in WMGHG emissions dampens the Eastern Hemisphere-Western Hemisphere(EH-WH)asymmetry of GLMP by inducing La Niña-like cooling and enhancing moisture transport to Inner America.The resulting increases in land monsoon precipitation(LMP)may alleviate drought under the global warming scenario by about 19%-25%and 7%-9%in the WH and SH monsoon regions,respectively.However,a persistent reduction in aerosol emissions in Asia will dominate the increases in LMP in this region until the mid-21st century,and these increases may be approximately 23%-60%of the growth under the global warming scenario.Our results highlight the different rates of response of aerosol and WMGHG concentrations to the carbon neutrality goal,leading to various changes in LMP at global and regional scales.展开更多
The global monsoon system,encompassing the Asian-Australian,African,and American monsoons,sustains two-thirds of the world’s population by regulating water resources and agriculture.Monsoon anomalies pose severe risk...The global monsoon system,encompassing the Asian-Australian,African,and American monsoons,sustains two-thirds of the world’s population by regulating water resources and agriculture.Monsoon anomalies pose severe risks,including floods and droughts.Recent research associated with the implementation of the Global Monsoons Model Intercomparison Project under the umbrella of CMIP6 has advanced our understanding of its historical variability and driving mechanisms.Observational data reveal a 20th-century shift:increased rainfall pre-1950s,followed by aridification and partial recovery post-1980s,driven by both internal variability(e.g.,Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation)and external forcings(greenhouse gases,aerosols),while ENSO drives interannual variability through ocean-atmosphere interactions.Future projections under greenhouse forcing suggest long-term monsoon intensification,though regional disparities and model uncertainties persist.Models indicate robust trends but struggle to quantify extremes,where thermodynamic effects(warming-induced moisture rise)uniformly boost heavy rainfall,while dynamical shifts(circulation changes)create spatial heterogeneity.Volcanic eruptions and proposed solar radiation modification(SRM)further complicate predictions:tropical eruptions suppress monsoons,whereas high-latitude events alter cross-equatorial flows,highlighting unresolved feedbacks.The emergent constraint approach is booming in terms of correcting future projections and reducing uncertainty with respect to the global monsoons.Critical challenges remain.Model biases and sparse 20th-century observational data hinder accurate attribution.The interplay between natural variability and anthropogenic forcings,along with nonlinear extreme precipitation risks under warming,demands deeper mechanistic insights.Additionally,SRM’s regional impacts and hemispheric monsoon interactions require systematic evaluation.Addressing these gaps necessitates enhanced observational networks,refined climate models,and interdisciplinary efforts to disentangle multiscale drivers,ultimately improving resilience strategies for monsoon-dependent regions.展开更多
Medical Data Mining published an article entitled Mapping the global research trends and hotspots on hypertensive nephropathy:A novel bibliometrics overview on 10 October 2025.The author confirmed this article’s proo...Medical Data Mining published an article entitled Mapping the global research trends and hotspots on hypertensive nephropathy:A novel bibliometrics overview on 10 October 2025.The author confirmed this article’s proof on 28 September 2025 without any questions.However,on 13 November 2025,the Editorial Office of Medical Data Mining noticed an inconsistency between the data presented in the main text and Figure 1.Specifically,erroneous Figure 1 states“a total of 56,691 literatures were obtained through database search”,while the main text in the Search results section states“According to the search term,a total of 59,220 publications were retrieved from the database.”The authors acknowledge that the original version of Figure 1 was incorrect and have provided the revised,correct version in this corrigendum.The authors would like to assert that there is no change in the body text of the article.展开更多
Two international conferences in November 2025 jointly outlined a profound transformation of climate governance.The Committee on Trade and Environment(CTE)of the World Trade Organization(WTO)held a conference in Genev...Two international conferences in November 2025 jointly outlined a profound transformation of climate governance.The Committee on Trade and Environment(CTE)of the World Trade Organization(WTO)held a conference in Geneva,Switzerland,on November 4,where the topic of cooperation on trade-related carbon standards aroused heated discussions.The Leaders'Summit of the 30th Conference of the Parties(COP)to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)was held in Belém,Brazil,on November 7.At the meeting,the Open Coalition on Compliance Carbon Markets was officially launched with the initial membership of 11 economies including Brazil,China,and the EU.As the world's first transnational alliance on compliant carbon markets,the coalition aims to coordinate carbon pricing mechanisms,emission trading systems and related policies in various countries,and realize the interconnection of global compliance carbon market networks.展开更多
A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(da...A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(data-driven prediction).This suggests that the essential dynamics of a complex system can be captured through a low-dimensional representation.Virus evolution and climate change are two examples of complex,time-varying systems.In this article,we show that mutations in the spike protein provide valuable data for predicting SARS-CoV-2 variants,forecasting the possible emergence of the new macro-lineage Q in the near future.Our analysis also demonstrates that carbon dioxide concentration is a reliable indicator for predicting the evolution of the climate system,extending global surface air temperature(GSAT)forecasts through 2500.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significan...Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.展开更多
Global Stocktake is an important component of the global climate governance mechanism.The first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2023 has clarified collective progress and identified the paths to bridge g...Global Stocktake is an important component of the global climate governance mechanism.The first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2023 has clarified collective progress and identified the paths to bridge gaps,but its understanding in the academic and policy communities is not yet systematic and comprehensive.Therefore,this study adopts textual analysis,timeline analysis,and game theory methods to comprehensively analyze the process and outcomes of the first Global Stocktake.The study finds that:①The first Global Stocktake underwent three stages,including scientific enhancement,technical dialogue,and political consensus,and took more than five years to reach the final outcome of the United Arab Emirates(UAE)Consensus in which the 1.5℃temperature control target anchored in the scientific enhancement stage set the general tone for the stocktake.②The first Global Stocktake focused on three specific areas—mitigation,adaptation,means of implementation and support—to fully realize the signaling effect.③The most prominent outcome of the stocktake is the new consensus on“transitioning away from all fossil fuels in energy systems”,which specifies the direction for countries to update their nationally determined contributions in 2025 and for the international community to conduct the second Global Stocktake in 2028.④The four groups of countries,namely,developed countries,emerging economies,hydrocarbon-exporting-oriented economies,and climate-vulnerable countries,have different interests and hold distinct core positions,which constrain each other but advance the global stocktake process as a whole.⑤The outcomes of the stocktake are comprehensive and systematic,with as many as 196 consensus items;however,the detailed targets for the three major focus areas are unclear and rigid,and need to be strengthened in the second global stocktake.The study suggests that,on the one hand,China needs to strengthen its policy research in the light of the outcomes of the first Global Stocktake and prepare for the submission of updated nationally determined contribution in 2025 for 2035,which should be consistent with the 1.5℃temperature control target.On the other hand,China should continue to take advantage of the zero-carbon industry to lead global climate change action and expand national development right and international communication capacity.展开更多
Objectives Primary prevention targeting modifiable risk factors would reduce the global burden of colorectal cancer,but the quantitative results are uncertain.We aimed to assess the global burden of colorectal cancer ...Objectives Primary prevention targeting modifiable risk factors would reduce the global burden of colorectal cancer,but the quantitative results are uncertain.We aimed to assess the global burden of colorectal cancer attributed to modifiable lifestyle factors and quantify the potential increase in life expectancy resulting from the elimination of these risk factors.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,we examined colorectal cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributed to modifiable risk factors(including smoking,diet low in whole grains,diet low in milk,diet high in red meat,diet low in calcium,diet high in processed meat,and diet low in fiber)at the global,regional,and national levels from 1990 to 2021.The abridged period life table method was utilized to quantify the potential gain in life expectancy from eliminating these risk factors.Results Globally in 2021,57.1%of colorectal cancer deaths and 56.4%of disability-adjusted life years were preventable,with rates of 7.55(4.94–9.64)and 174.67(114.54–222.24)per 100,000 population,respectively.The modifiable burden has diminished in the high,high-middle,and low socio-demographic index quintiles and remained steady in the middle one.However,there is a concerning increase in the low-middle one.In 2021,the elimination of global colorectal cancer attributed to modifiable factors would increase the life expectancy for males and females by 0.107 and 0.109 years,respectively.Conclusion Our results quantitatively demonstrate the substantial burden reduction in colorectal cancer and the significant gain in life expectancy that can be achieved by eliminating modifiable lifestyle factors.展开更多
Background Genitourinary cancers constitute a significant portion of the global cancer burden and have emerged as a prominent cause of cancer-related mortality.However,there remains a paucity of up-to-date statistical...Background Genitourinary cancers constitute a significant portion of the global cancer burden and have emerged as a prominent cause of cancer-related mortality.However,there remains a paucity of up-to-date statistical analyses that meticulously examine the global and national shifts in the epidemiology of genitourinary cancers.Our study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the global distribution and progression of genitourinary cancers through analyses of the recently updated 2021 Global Burden of Disease(GBD)database.Methods This study presented the incidence,mortality,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),and their respective age-standardized rates for four genitourinary cancers(bladder,kidney,prostate,and testicular cancers)by sex,age,and location from 1990 to 2021.Estimates for these data were presented with their 95%uncertainty intervals(UIs).Estimated annual percentage changes(EAPCs)and Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort(BAPC)models were utilized to further quantify the temporal dynamics of age-standardized rates(ASRs)in genitourinary cancers.Countries and territories were categorized according to socio-demographic index(SDI)quintiles.Results Globally,with the exception of a sustained decline in age-standardized incidence rates(ASIRs)for bladder cancer(EAPC=−0.36%),the ASIRs for kidney,prostate,and testicular cancers demonstrated an upward trend from 1990 to 2021(EAPC=0.53%,0.20%,and 1.43%,respectively).In terms of geographical regions,High-income North America had the highest ASIRs for both bladder(13.98 per 100,000 persons[95%UI,12.96 to 14.61])and prostate(47.02 per 100,000 persons[95%UI,44.47 to 49.04])cancers.Southern Latin America recorded the highest ASIRs for kidney(13.44 per 100,000 persons[95%UI,12.27 to 14.73])and testicular(4.98 per 100,000 persons[95%UI,4.33 to 5.72])cancers.Additionally,Central Europe(1.25%[95%CI,1.12%to 1.38%]),East Asia(2.40%[95%CI,2.21%to 2.59%]),Eastern Europe(3.74%[95%CI,3.55%to 3.92%]),and the Caribbean(5.52%[95%CI,4.32%to 6.74%])exhibited the highest EAPCs for bladder,kidney,prostate,and testicular cancers,respectively.Unlike the ASIRs,age-standardized mortality rates(ASMRs)and age-standardized DALYs rates(ASDRs)showed a downward trend over time in all types of genitourinary cancers.The disease burdens of bladder,kidney,and prostate cancers were primarily distributed among older men,while testicular cancer mainly occurred in young men.Smoking remained the primary risk factor for bladder cancer.Meanwhile,high fasting plasma glucose and high body-mass index exerted increasingly significant impacts on bladder and kidney cancers,respectively,during the study period.Projections to 2050 suggest that the global burdens of genitourinary cancers are expected to decline to varying degrees.However,regional disparities in genitourinary cancer burdens are projected to persist.Conclusions Although the results demonstrate a marginal decline in ASRs caused by genitourinary cancers,they still impose a considerable global burden and result in numerous deaths.Our study obtained and analyzed the latest epidemiological data of genitourinary cancers from the GBD 2021,offering valuable information for national healthcare professionals and policymakers to optimize resource allocation,manage costs more efficiently,and develop practical healthcare policies.展开更多
This study directs the discussion of HIV disease with a novel kind of complex dynamical generalized and piecewise operator in the sense of classical and Atangana Baleanu(AB)derivatives having arbitrary order.The HIV i...This study directs the discussion of HIV disease with a novel kind of complex dynamical generalized and piecewise operator in the sense of classical and Atangana Baleanu(AB)derivatives having arbitrary order.The HIV infection model has a susceptible class,a recovered class,along with a case of infection divided into three sub-different levels or categories and the recovered class.The total time interval is converted into two,which are further investigated for ordinary and fractional order operators of the AB derivative,respectively.The proposed model is tested separately for unique solutions and existence on bi intervals.The numerical solution of the proposed model is treated by the piece-wise numerical iterative scheme of Newtons Polynomial.The proposed method is established for piece-wise derivatives under natural order and non-singular Mittag-Leffler Law.The cross-over or bending characteristics in the dynamical system of HIV are easily examined by the aspect of this research having a memory effect for controlling the said disease.This study uses the neural network(NN)technique to obtain a better set of weights with low residual errors,and the epochs number is considered 1000.The obtained figures represent the approximate solution and absolute error which are tested with NN to train the data accurately.展开更多
On September 1,2025,President Xi Jinping solemnly proposed the Global Governance Initiative(GGI)at the“Shanghai Cooperation Organization Plus”Meeting.Following the Global Development Initiative(GDI),the Global Secur...On September 1,2025,President Xi Jinping solemnly proposed the Global Governance Initiative(GGI)at the“Shanghai Cooperation Organization Plus”Meeting.Following the Global Development Initiative(GDI),the Global Security Initiative(GSI),and the Global Civilization Initiative(GCI).展开更多
Today,the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century,and a host of global challenges continue to emerge.The international community urgently requires effective global governance.As Chinese President Xi J...Today,the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century,and a host of global challenges continue to emerge.The international community urgently requires effective global governance.As Chinese President Xi Jinping has pointed out,multilateralism is the inevitable choice for addressing the world’s difficulties and challenges.1 However,various negative trends in international politics are undermining or impeding the effectiveness of multilateralism and aggravating the global governance deficit.Against this backdrop,it is essential to reassess the importance of multilateralism in global governance,identify the challenges it faces,and explore feasible pathways for collective action to advance global governance.展开更多
South African scholars highlight the importance of Xi Jinping:The Governance of China China is playing an increasingly active and important role in global politics and economy,especially in the development of the Glob...South African scholars highlight the importance of Xi Jinping:The Governance of China China is playing an increasingly active and important role in global politics and economy,especially in the development of the Global South.展开更多
文摘Chinese modernization is unfolding at a historical moment when Western modernization,the universal narrative that shaped development thought and global governance for over seven decades,is confronting its own structural exhaustion.The global order produced by that narrative no longer commands coherence.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(Grant No.CE230100012)。
文摘The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain.In this study,we analyze how global warming levels(GWLs)of 1.5℃ and 2℃ could affect the timing of rainfall onset(RODs),rainfall cessation(RCDs),and the overall duration of the rainy season(LRS)over global land monsoon(GLM)regions using simulations from CMIP6 under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.With high model consensus,our results reveal that RODs are projected to occur later over Southern Africa,North Africa,and South America,but earlier over South Asia and Australia,in a warmer climate.The projected early RODs in Australia are more pronounced at the 2℃ GWL under SSP5-8.5.On the other hand,early RCDs are projected over South America and East Asia,while late RCDs are projected over North Africa,with high inter-model agreement.These changes are associated with a future decrease in LRS in most GLM regions.Additionally,we found that continuous warming over 1.5℃ will further reduce the length of the rainy season,especially over the South America,North Africa,and Southern Africa monsoon regions.The findings underscore the urgent need to mitigate global warming.
文摘Large-scale U.S.-sponsored protests and armed militants are targeting major cities across Iran,destroying property as well as killing security personnel and civilians alike.The Western media has deliberately mischaracterized the violence as a one-sided government crackdown,omitting any mention of armed opposition in the streets and merely conceding that.
基金supported by the Swedish Research Council(Vetenskapsradet,Grant No.202203129)the Project of Youth Science and Technology Fund of Gansu Province(Grant No.24JRRA439)partially funded by the Swedish Research Council(Vetenskapsradet,Grant No.2022-06725)。
文摘This study investigates the impact of vegetation-climate feedback on the global land monsoon system during the Last Interglacial(LIG,127000 years BP)and the mid-Holocene(MH,6000 years BP)using the earth system model EC-Earth3.Our findings indicate that vegetation changes significantly influence the global monsoon area and precipitation patterns,especially in the North African and Indian monsoon regions.The North African monsoon region experienced the most substantial increase in vegetation during both the LIG and MH,resulting in significant increases in monsoonal precipitation by 9.8%and 6.0%,respectively.The vegetation feedback also intensified the Saharan Heat Low,strengthened monsoonal flows,and enhanced precipitation over the North African monsoon region.In contrast,the Indian monsoon region exhibited divergent responses to vegetation changes.During the LIG,precipitation in the Indian monsoon region decreased by 2.2%,while it increased by 1.6%during the MH.These differences highlight the complex and region-specific impacts of vegetation feedback on monsoon systems.Overall,this study demonstrates that vegetation feedback exerts distinct influences on the global monsoon during the MH and LIG.These findings highlight the importance of considering vegetation-climate feedback in understanding past monsoon variability and in predicting future climate change impacts on monsoon systems.
文摘To help university students know more about standards,and attract them to par ticipate in s tandardization ac tivities,the International Standardization Youth Star Competition was initiated by the International Standardization Outstanding Contribution Award Foundation(ISOCAF)in 2023,and has been held since then for three consecutive years in China.The 2025 Competition attracted 236 teams nationwide who demonstrated great enthusiasm for engaging in the standardization undertaking.The SPECIAL REPORT column presents the series reports on the competition,which is expected to inspire more young minds to step forward,innovate with purpose,and shape a future where standards unite ambition with impact.
文摘Experts and officials shared their insights on poverty reduction cooperation and sustainable development during the 2025 International Seminar on Global Poverty Reduction Partnerships.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42275039)the Meteorological Joint Fund by NSF and CMA(Grant No.U2342224)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3701202)the S&T Development Fund of CAMS(Grant No.2024KJ019)。
文摘Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emissions are expected to simultaneously increase the probability of regional floods and droughts,threatening ecosystems within global terrestrial monsoon regions and the freshwater supply for billions of residents in these areas.In this study,the responses of GLMP to the evolution of ITC toward the carbon neutrality goal are assessed using multimodel outputs from a new model intercomparison project(CovidMIP).The results show that the Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere(NH-SH)asymmetry of GLMP in boreal summer weakens during the 2040s,as a persistent reduction in well-mixed greenhouse gas(WMGHG)emissions leads to a downward trend in the ITC after 2040.At the same time,the reduction in WMGHG emissions dampens the Eastern Hemisphere-Western Hemisphere(EH-WH)asymmetry of GLMP by inducing La Niña-like cooling and enhancing moisture transport to Inner America.The resulting increases in land monsoon precipitation(LMP)may alleviate drought under the global warming scenario by about 19%-25%and 7%-9%in the WH and SH monsoon regions,respectively.However,a persistent reduction in aerosol emissions in Asia will dominate the increases in LMP in this region until the mid-21st century,and these increases may be approximately 23%-60%of the growth under the global warming scenario.Our results highlight the different rates of response of aerosol and WMGHG concentrations to the carbon neutrality goal,leading to various changes in LMP at global and regional scales.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0608904)the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.060GJHZ2023079GC and 134111KYSB20160031)+1 种基金supported by the Office of Science,U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Regional and Global Model Analysis program area through the Water Cycle and Climate Extremes Modeling(WACCEM)scientific focus areaoperated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830。
文摘The global monsoon system,encompassing the Asian-Australian,African,and American monsoons,sustains two-thirds of the world’s population by regulating water resources and agriculture.Monsoon anomalies pose severe risks,including floods and droughts.Recent research associated with the implementation of the Global Monsoons Model Intercomparison Project under the umbrella of CMIP6 has advanced our understanding of its historical variability and driving mechanisms.Observational data reveal a 20th-century shift:increased rainfall pre-1950s,followed by aridification and partial recovery post-1980s,driven by both internal variability(e.g.,Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation)and external forcings(greenhouse gases,aerosols),while ENSO drives interannual variability through ocean-atmosphere interactions.Future projections under greenhouse forcing suggest long-term monsoon intensification,though regional disparities and model uncertainties persist.Models indicate robust trends but struggle to quantify extremes,where thermodynamic effects(warming-induced moisture rise)uniformly boost heavy rainfall,while dynamical shifts(circulation changes)create spatial heterogeneity.Volcanic eruptions and proposed solar radiation modification(SRM)further complicate predictions:tropical eruptions suppress monsoons,whereas high-latitude events alter cross-equatorial flows,highlighting unresolved feedbacks.The emergent constraint approach is booming in terms of correcting future projections and reducing uncertainty with respect to the global monsoons.Critical challenges remain.Model biases and sparse 20th-century observational data hinder accurate attribution.The interplay between natural variability and anthropogenic forcings,along with nonlinear extreme precipitation risks under warming,demands deeper mechanistic insights.Additionally,SRM’s regional impacts and hemispheric monsoon interactions require systematic evaluation.Addressing these gaps necessitates enhanced observational networks,refined climate models,and interdisciplinary efforts to disentangle multiscale drivers,ultimately improving resilience strategies for monsoon-dependent regions.
文摘Medical Data Mining published an article entitled Mapping the global research trends and hotspots on hypertensive nephropathy:A novel bibliometrics overview on 10 October 2025.The author confirmed this article’s proof on 28 September 2025 without any questions.However,on 13 November 2025,the Editorial Office of Medical Data Mining noticed an inconsistency between the data presented in the main text and Figure 1.Specifically,erroneous Figure 1 states“a total of 56,691 literatures were obtained through database search”,while the main text in the Search results section states“According to the search term,a total of 59,220 publications were retrieved from the database.”The authors acknowledge that the original version of Figure 1 was incorrect and have provided the revised,correct version in this corrigendum.The authors would like to assert that there is no change in the body text of the article.
文摘Two international conferences in November 2025 jointly outlined a profound transformation of climate governance.The Committee on Trade and Environment(CTE)of the World Trade Organization(WTO)held a conference in Geneva,Switzerland,on November 4,where the topic of cooperation on trade-related carbon standards aroused heated discussions.The Leaders'Summit of the 30th Conference of the Parties(COP)to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)was held in Belém,Brazil,on November 7.At the meeting,the Open Coalition on Compliance Carbon Markets was officially launched with the initial membership of 11 economies including Brazil,China,and the EU.As the world's first transnational alliance on compliant carbon markets,the coalition aims to coordinate carbon pricing mechanisms,emission trading systems and related policies in various countries,and realize the interconnection of global compliance carbon market networks.
基金Natural science foundation of Inner Mongolia(2024LHMS06018)The basic scientific research funding for directly affiliated universities in the Inner Mongolia(JY20250094)。
文摘A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(data-driven prediction).This suggests that the essential dynamics of a complex system can be captured through a low-dimensional representation.Virus evolution and climate change are two examples of complex,time-varying systems.In this article,we show that mutations in the spike protein provide valuable data for predicting SARS-CoV-2 variants,forecasting the possible emergence of the new macro-lineage Q in the near future.Our analysis also demonstrates that carbon dioxide concentration is a reliable indicator for predicting the evolution of the climate system,extending global surface air temperature(GSAT)forecasts through 2500.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(42225107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001326,42371414,42171409,and 42271419)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(2022A1515012207)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning(202201011539)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Study on the Construction of China’s Economic Transformation Model Toward Carbon Neutrality”[Grant No.72140001].
文摘Global Stocktake is an important component of the global climate governance mechanism.The first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2023 has clarified collective progress and identified the paths to bridge gaps,but its understanding in the academic and policy communities is not yet systematic and comprehensive.Therefore,this study adopts textual analysis,timeline analysis,and game theory methods to comprehensively analyze the process and outcomes of the first Global Stocktake.The study finds that:①The first Global Stocktake underwent three stages,including scientific enhancement,technical dialogue,and political consensus,and took more than five years to reach the final outcome of the United Arab Emirates(UAE)Consensus in which the 1.5℃temperature control target anchored in the scientific enhancement stage set the general tone for the stocktake.②The first Global Stocktake focused on three specific areas—mitigation,adaptation,means of implementation and support—to fully realize the signaling effect.③The most prominent outcome of the stocktake is the new consensus on“transitioning away from all fossil fuels in energy systems”,which specifies the direction for countries to update their nationally determined contributions in 2025 and for the international community to conduct the second Global Stocktake in 2028.④The four groups of countries,namely,developed countries,emerging economies,hydrocarbon-exporting-oriented economies,and climate-vulnerable countries,have different interests and hold distinct core positions,which constrain each other but advance the global stocktake process as a whole.⑤The outcomes of the stocktake are comprehensive and systematic,with as many as 196 consensus items;however,the detailed targets for the three major focus areas are unclear and rigid,and need to be strengthened in the second global stocktake.The study suggests that,on the one hand,China needs to strengthen its policy research in the light of the outcomes of the first Global Stocktake and prepare for the submission of updated nationally determined contribution in 2025 for 2035,which should be consistent with the 1.5℃temperature control target.On the other hand,China should continue to take advantage of the zero-carbon industry to lead global climate change action and expand national development right and international communication capacity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:82404340)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science(grant number:2021-I2M-1–067)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:LTGY23H260004)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(grant number:Z240004).
文摘Objectives Primary prevention targeting modifiable risk factors would reduce the global burden of colorectal cancer,but the quantitative results are uncertain.We aimed to assess the global burden of colorectal cancer attributed to modifiable lifestyle factors and quantify the potential increase in life expectancy resulting from the elimination of these risk factors.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,we examined colorectal cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributed to modifiable risk factors(including smoking,diet low in whole grains,diet low in milk,diet high in red meat,diet low in calcium,diet high in processed meat,and diet low in fiber)at the global,regional,and national levels from 1990 to 2021.The abridged period life table method was utilized to quantify the potential gain in life expectancy from eliminating these risk factors.Results Globally in 2021,57.1%of colorectal cancer deaths and 56.4%of disability-adjusted life years were preventable,with rates of 7.55(4.94–9.64)and 174.67(114.54–222.24)per 100,000 population,respectively.The modifiable burden has diminished in the high,high-middle,and low socio-demographic index quintiles and remained steady in the middle one.However,there is a concerning increase in the low-middle one.In 2021,the elimination of global colorectal cancer attributed to modifiable factors would increase the life expectancy for males and females by 0.107 and 0.109 years,respectively.Conclusion Our results quantitatively demonstrate the substantial burden reduction in colorectal cancer and the significant gain in life expectancy that can be achieved by eliminating modifiable lifestyle factors.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:82202877 and 8237110369)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(grant number:2024A1515010599)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support(grant number:XMLX202134).
文摘Background Genitourinary cancers constitute a significant portion of the global cancer burden and have emerged as a prominent cause of cancer-related mortality.However,there remains a paucity of up-to-date statistical analyses that meticulously examine the global and national shifts in the epidemiology of genitourinary cancers.Our study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the global distribution and progression of genitourinary cancers through analyses of the recently updated 2021 Global Burden of Disease(GBD)database.Methods This study presented the incidence,mortality,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),and their respective age-standardized rates for four genitourinary cancers(bladder,kidney,prostate,and testicular cancers)by sex,age,and location from 1990 to 2021.Estimates for these data were presented with their 95%uncertainty intervals(UIs).Estimated annual percentage changes(EAPCs)and Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort(BAPC)models were utilized to further quantify the temporal dynamics of age-standardized rates(ASRs)in genitourinary cancers.Countries and territories were categorized according to socio-demographic index(SDI)quintiles.Results Globally,with the exception of a sustained decline in age-standardized incidence rates(ASIRs)for bladder cancer(EAPC=−0.36%),the ASIRs for kidney,prostate,and testicular cancers demonstrated an upward trend from 1990 to 2021(EAPC=0.53%,0.20%,and 1.43%,respectively).In terms of geographical regions,High-income North America had the highest ASIRs for both bladder(13.98 per 100,000 persons[95%UI,12.96 to 14.61])and prostate(47.02 per 100,000 persons[95%UI,44.47 to 49.04])cancers.Southern Latin America recorded the highest ASIRs for kidney(13.44 per 100,000 persons[95%UI,12.27 to 14.73])and testicular(4.98 per 100,000 persons[95%UI,4.33 to 5.72])cancers.Additionally,Central Europe(1.25%[95%CI,1.12%to 1.38%]),East Asia(2.40%[95%CI,2.21%to 2.59%]),Eastern Europe(3.74%[95%CI,3.55%to 3.92%]),and the Caribbean(5.52%[95%CI,4.32%to 6.74%])exhibited the highest EAPCs for bladder,kidney,prostate,and testicular cancers,respectively.Unlike the ASIRs,age-standardized mortality rates(ASMRs)and age-standardized DALYs rates(ASDRs)showed a downward trend over time in all types of genitourinary cancers.The disease burdens of bladder,kidney,and prostate cancers were primarily distributed among older men,while testicular cancer mainly occurred in young men.Smoking remained the primary risk factor for bladder cancer.Meanwhile,high fasting plasma glucose and high body-mass index exerted increasingly significant impacts on bladder and kidney cancers,respectively,during the study period.Projections to 2050 suggest that the global burdens of genitourinary cancers are expected to decline to varying degrees.However,regional disparities in genitourinary cancer burdens are projected to persist.Conclusions Although the results demonstrate a marginal decline in ASRs caused by genitourinary cancers,they still impose a considerable global burden and result in numerous deaths.Our study obtained and analyzed the latest epidemiological data of genitourinary cancers from the GBD 2021,offering valuable information for national healthcare professionals and policymakers to optimize resource allocation,manage costs more efficiently,and develop practical healthcare policies.
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(grant number IMSIU-RP23066).
文摘This study directs the discussion of HIV disease with a novel kind of complex dynamical generalized and piecewise operator in the sense of classical and Atangana Baleanu(AB)derivatives having arbitrary order.The HIV infection model has a susceptible class,a recovered class,along with a case of infection divided into three sub-different levels or categories and the recovered class.The total time interval is converted into two,which are further investigated for ordinary and fractional order operators of the AB derivative,respectively.The proposed model is tested separately for unique solutions and existence on bi intervals.The numerical solution of the proposed model is treated by the piece-wise numerical iterative scheme of Newtons Polynomial.The proposed method is established for piece-wise derivatives under natural order and non-singular Mittag-Leffler Law.The cross-over or bending characteristics in the dynamical system of HIV are easily examined by the aspect of this research having a memory effect for controlling the said disease.This study uses the neural network(NN)technique to obtain a better set of weights with low residual errors,and the epochs number is considered 1000.The obtained figures represent the approximate solution and absolute error which are tested with NN to train the data accurately.
文摘On September 1,2025,President Xi Jinping solemnly proposed the Global Governance Initiative(GGI)at the“Shanghai Cooperation Organization Plus”Meeting.Following the Global Development Initiative(GDI),the Global Security Initiative(GSI),and the Global Civilization Initiative(GCI).
文摘Today,the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century,and a host of global challenges continue to emerge.The international community urgently requires effective global governance.As Chinese President Xi Jinping has pointed out,multilateralism is the inevitable choice for addressing the world’s difficulties and challenges.1 However,various negative trends in international politics are undermining or impeding the effectiveness of multilateralism and aggravating the global governance deficit.Against this backdrop,it is essential to reassess the importance of multilateralism in global governance,identify the challenges it faces,and explore feasible pathways for collective action to advance global governance.
文摘South African scholars highlight the importance of Xi Jinping:The Governance of China China is playing an increasingly active and important role in global politics and economy,especially in the development of the Global South.
