The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometr...The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometric distortions, leading to a diminution in the predictive accuracy of the distorted similitude. To address this challenge, this study formulates a novel set of scaling laws, tailored to account for the intricate geometric distortions associated with elastic rings. The proposed scaling laws are formulated based on the intrinsic deformation characteristics of elastic rings, rather than the traditional systemic governing equations. Numerical and experimental cases are conducted to assess the efficacy and precision of the proposed scaling laws, and the obtained results are compared with those achieved by traditional methods. The outcomes demonstrate that the scaling laws put forth by this study significantly enhance the predictive capabilities for deformations of elastic rings.展开更多
The application of conventional manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))materials in sodium-ion supercapacitors(Na-SCs)is considerably limited by their low conductivity and structural instability.Biomimetic morphology engineering c...The application of conventional manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))materials in sodium-ion supercapacitors(Na-SCs)is considerably limited by their low conductivity and structural instability.Biomimetic morphology engineering can optimize the electrochemical performance of MnO_(2).Here,based on the metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)-derived method and electrochemical reconstruction,a coral-like MnO_(2)structure integrated with a functional nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)coating is designed for Na-SC application.The bioinspired coral-like structure captures numerous electrolyte ions and increases the Na+concentration on the electrode surface,which is beneficial for optimizing the Na+transport pathway and accelerating the electrode reaction kinetics.Moreover,the coral-like crosslinked structure effectively enhances the mechanical properties,enabling the maintenance of the structure of MnO_(2)-based electrodes during long-term operation.Furthermore,in/ex-situ characterizations are performed to elucidate the mechanism of lattice transformation during electrochemical phase reconstruction.Additionally,the theoretical calculation and simulation results reveal the ion/electron dynamics in the fabricated electrode.The prepared electrode demonstrates excellent capacitance storage ability(340.7 F g^(−1)at 0.5 A g^(−1))and cycling stability(85.1%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).The assembled hybrid device exhibits exceptional life-span(82.0%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles)and exceptional energy density(36.5 Wh kg^(−1)).This study provides a reliable biomimetic morphology design strategy for MnO_(2)cathodes,paving the way for the fabrication of high-performance Na-SCs.展开更多
The dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain between 1988 and 2000 were researched in this paper. Spatial dominance econometric model was estabilished on 1 km cell to quantificafionally analyze the d...The dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain between 1988 and 2000 were researched in this paper. Spatial dominance econometric model was estabilished on 1 km cell to quantificafionally analyze the driving-force for the dynamic change mechanism of land system, such as natural, social and economic factors. The future dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain on each 1 km cell during 2000 to 2020 were stimulated by combining the dynamic changes of land system on each 1 km cell with different situations. The research indicated that the dynamic changes of land system structure changed mainly from the cultivated areas to building areas and industrial areas, and forest areas increased during this period. Although the revolutions of land system structure were different during 2000 to 2020 with the different referrence standard, ecological protection and economic development, the primary dynamic changes of land system structure were that the increase of building land areas with the decline cuhivaled land areas and the increase of woodlands.展开更多
The development of sustainable electrode materials for energy storage systems has become very important and porous carbons derived from biomass have become an important candidate because of their tunable pore structur...The development of sustainable electrode materials for energy storage systems has become very important and porous carbons derived from biomass have become an important candidate because of their tunable pore structure,environmental friendliness,and cost-effectiveness.Recent advances in controlling the pore structure of these carbons and its relationship between to is energy storage performance are discussed,emphasizing the critical role of a balanced distribution of micropores,mesopores and macropores in determining electrochemical behavior.Particular attention is given to how the intrinsic components of biomass precursors(lignin,cellulose,and hemicellulose)influence pore formation during carbonization.Carbonization and activation strategies to precisely control the pore structure are introduced.Finally,key challenges in the industrial production of these carbons are outlined,and future research directions are proposed.These include the establishment of a database of biomass intrinsic structures and machine learning-assisted pore structure engineering,aimed at providing guidance for the design of high-performance carbon materials for next-generation energy storage devices.展开更多
The tight sandstone reservoirs in the first sub-member of Chang 7 member(Chang 71)of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin,show significant variations in microscopic pore-throat structure(PTS)and ...The tight sandstone reservoirs in the first sub-member of Chang 7 member(Chang 71)of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin,show significant variations in microscopic pore-throat structure(PTS)and fluid mobility due to the influences of the northeast and northwest dual provenance systems.This study performed multiple experimental analyses on nine samples from the area to determine the petrological and petrophysical properties,as well as the PTS characteristics of reservoirs in different provenance-controlled regions.On this basis,the pore-throat size distribution(PSD)obtained from high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI)was utilized to convert the NMR movable fluid T2spectrum,allowing for quantitative characterization of the full PSD and the occurrence characteristics of movable fluids.A systematic analysis was conducted on the primary controlling factors affecting fluid mobility in the reservoir.The results indicated that the lithology in the eastern and western regions is lithic arkose.The eastern sandstones,being farther from the provenance,exhibit higher contents of feldspar and lithic fragments,along with the development of more dissolution pores.The reservoir possesses good petrophysical properties,low displacement pressure,and high pore-throat connectivity and homogeneity,indicating strong fluid mobility.In contrast,the western sandstones,being nearer to the provenance,exhibit poor grain sorting,high contents of lithic fragments,strong compaction and cementation effects,resulting in poor petrophysical properties,and strong pore-throat heterogeneity,revealing weak fluid mobility.The range of full PSD in the eastern reservoir is wider than that in the western reservoir,with relatively well-developed macropores.The macropores are the primary space for occurrence of movable fluids,and controls the fluid mobility of the reservoir.The effective porosity of movable fluids(EPMF)quantitatively represents the pore space occupied by movable fluids within the reservoir and correlates well with porosity,permeability,and PTS parameters,making it a valuable parameter for evaluating fluid mobility.Under the multi-provenance system,the eastern and western reservoirs underwent different sedimentation and diagenesis processes,resulting in differential distribution of reservoir mineral components and pore types,which in turn affects the PTS heterogeneity and reservoir quality.The composition and content of reservoir minerals are intrinsic factors influencing fluid mobility,while the microscopic PTS is the primary factor controlling it.Low clay mineral content,welldeveloped macropores,and weak pore-throat heterogeneity all contribute to the storage and seepage of reservoir fluids.展开更多
Guided by the fundamental principles of the whole petroleum system,the control of tectonism,sedimentation,and diagenesis on hydrocarbon accumulation in a rifted basin is studied using the data of petroleum geology and...Guided by the fundamental principles of the whole petroleum system,the control of tectonism,sedimentation,and diagenesis on hydrocarbon accumulation in a rifted basin is studied using the data of petroleum geology and exploration of the second member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation(Kong-2 Member)in the Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China.It is clarified that the circle structure and circle effects are the marked features of a continental fault petroliferous basin,and they govern the orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in the whole petroleum systems of the rifted basin.Tectonic circle zones control sedimentary circle zones,while sedimentary circle zones and diagenetic circle zones control the spatial distribution of favorable reservoirs,thereby determining the orderly distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations in various circles.A model for the integrated,systematic accumulation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons under a multi-circle structure of the whole petroleum system of continental rifted basin has been developed.It reveals that each sag of the rifted basin is an independent whole petroleum system and circle system,which encompasses multiple orderly circles of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons controlled by the same source kitchen.From the outer circle to the middle circle and then to the inner circle,there is an orderly transition from structural and stratigraphic reservoirs,to lithological and structural-lithological reservoirs,and finally to tight oil/gas and shale oil/gas enrichment zones.The significant feature of the whole petroleum system is the orderly control of hydrocarbons by multi-circle stratigraphic coupling,with the integrated,orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional reserves being the inevitable result of the multi-layered interaction within the whole petroleum system.This concept of multi-circle stratigraphic coupling for the orderly,integrated accumulation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons has guided significant breakthroughs in the overall,three-dimensional exploration and shale oil exploration in the Cangdong Sag.展开更多
In order to solve existing problems about the method of establishing traditional system structure of decision support system(DSS), O S chart is applied to describe object oriented system structure of general DSS, an...In order to solve existing problems about the method of establishing traditional system structure of decision support system(DSS), O S chart is applied to describe object oriented system structure of general DSS, and a new method of eight specific steps is proposed to establish object oriented system structure of DSS by using the method of O S chart, which is applied successfully to the development of the DSS for the energy system ecology engineering research of the Wangheqiu country. Supplying many scientific effective computing models, decision support ways and a lot of accurate reliable decision data, the DSS plays a critical part in helping engineering researchers to make correct decisions. Because the period for developing the DSS is relatively shorter, the new way improves the efficiency of establishing DSS greatly. It also makes the DSS of system structure more flexible and easy to expand.展开更多
The high-pressure phase diagram of the Nb-Ti binary system at 0 K is explored by systematic crystal structure prediction.The results highlight a novel niobium-rich bcc phase,Nb_(7)Ti,which is the only dynamically stab...The high-pressure phase diagram of the Nb-Ti binary system at 0 K is explored by systematic crystal structure prediction.The results highlight a novel niobium-rich bcc phase,Nb_(7)Ti,which is the only dynamically stable ordered Nb-Ti compound under ambient pressure.Extensive first-principles calculations have provided insights into the electronic structure,bonding and superconducting properties of Nb_(7)Ti.The superconducting transition temperature(T_(c))for Nb_(7)Ti at ambient pressure is estimated within the framework of BCS theory to be about 17.5 K,which is significantly higher—nearly double—that of the widely utilized NbTi alloy.Furthermore,the results unveil that the high T_(c) is mainly attributed to the unique ordered lattice along with the strong electron-phonon coupling driven by interatomic interactions at mid-frequency and phonon softening induced by low-frequency Fermi surface nesting.Valuable insights are provided for the subsequent synthesis of application-oriented superconductors at low pressure.展开更多
To know the bacterial communities structure in Babylonia areolata culture systems and to research and optimize the management pattem of Babylonia areola-ta culture systems of the pond mulched plastic film and sand in ...To know the bacterial communities structure in Babylonia areolata culture systems and to research and optimize the management pattem of Babylonia areola-ta culture systems of the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom, the bacte- rial communities in Babylonia areolata culture systems of the sub-tidal zone and the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom were analyzed at molecular level by adopting the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）. The results indicated that the dominant bacterial communities in Babylonia areolata culture systems of the sub-tidal zone and the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom, which were built on the basis of the seawater in East-island of Zhanjiang, included Proteobac- teda Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria. The dominant bacterial groups in the above pond culture system were Garnmaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaprotecbacteda, Epsilonproteobacteda, Anaerolineae, Cyanobacteria and Acti- nobacteda. The dominant bacterial communities in the subtidal zone culture system were Gammaprotecbacteda, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Anaerolineae and Cyanobacteda, and there were less Epsilonproteobacteria and Actinobacteria in the culture system. The higher diversity was detected in the above two culture sys- tems. The results of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average （UPG- MA） showed that the bacterial communities of the sediment samples S1 and S2 in the above two culture systems were a cluster, the similarity of bacterial communities was 54.5%. The bacterial communities of seawater samples S3 and S4 in the above culture systems were in clusters, and the similarity of the bacterial communi- ties was 84.0%. The results showed that the microorganism ecological level in the Babylonia areolata culture systems of the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom could be similar to the sub-tidal zone culture systems through changing the pond seawater and monitoring the microbial population.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of tomato yellow leaf curl virus （TYLCV） infection on leaf anatomical structure and protective enzyme system of tomato. [Method] The anatomical structure of infected and h...[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of tomato yellow leaf curl virus （TYLCV） infection on leaf anatomical structure and protective enzyme system of tomato. [Method] The anatomical structure of infected and healthy leaves of tomato were observed and compared by using paraffin section method. The activity changes of SOD, POD and CAT in the infected leaves of tomato were determined. [ Result] The results revealed that there were some differences in anatomical structure between healthy and infected leaves. Some cells of infected leaves were damaged so that the leaves curled and became yellow, which affected the normal function of organs. Compared with control, enzyme activities in the tomato plants infected by TYLCV were enhanced at the early periods and higher than that in control, then started to decline at the middle and late periods but lower than that in control.[ Conclusion] After infection by TYLCV, the leaf anatomical structure of tomato was changed greatly and the protective enzyme system was damaged severely, and affected the normal physJological metabolic functions of tissues and organs in tomato in further.展开更多
This paper analyzes the compound attractor structure of a new three-dimensional autonomous chaotic system. First, it is found that there exist five equilibria in the chaotic system, and the stabilities of these equili...This paper analyzes the compound attractor structure of a new three-dimensional autonomous chaotic system. First, it is found that there exist five equilibria in the chaotic system, and the stabilities of these equilibria are discussed under a constant scalar control input parameter m. Secondly, the trajectories of the attractors on a y-z plane are examined, the reasons why these trajectories can exist or disappear are also described. Finally, the forming procedure of the different scrolls chaotic attractor is explored by computer simulations when the parameter m is varied. It is shown that the new chaotic attractor has a compound structure, it can evolve to other three-dimensional autonomous chaotic systems. The results of theoretical analysis and simulation are helpful for better understanding of other similar chaotic systems.展开更多
The bolted flange structure finds significant applications in fields such as aerospace,shipbuilding,and pipeline transportation.The investigation of its dynamic characteristics has consistently been a focal point for ...The bolted flange structure finds significant applications in fields such as aerospace,shipbuilding,and pipeline transportation.The investigation of its dynamic characteristics has consistently been a focal point for researchers;however,there remains a deficiency in the development of robust analytical models.This paper introduces a novel analytical model based on the finite element methods and the Timoshenko beam theory to accurately simulate the bolted flange structure.The stiffness,mass,damping,and inertia matrices of the rotor system are individually derived,and the dynamic equation is subsequently formulated.The model’s validity and accuracy are validated through both the experimental testing and the finite element analysis.This study aims to elucidate the relationship between the external loads and the influence of the geometric configuration on the stiffness and contact behavior of the bolted flange structure,thereby enabling a thorough and precise prediction of the static and dynamic load transfer pathways,as well as the distribution of vibrational energy within the structure,while also facilitating the incorporation of friction and slip effects.Simultaneously,this work provides a foundational framework for the optimization design of bolted flange structures,addressing the factors such as the number,size,and geometric distribution of bolts.展开更多
This study analyzes the influence of TiO_(2) and Al_(2)O_(3) contents on the microstructure of CaO-SiO_(2)-MgO-xwt%Al_(2)O_(3)-ywt%TiO_(2)(14≤x≤22,0≤y≤10)blast furnace slag systems based on the change of slag visc...This study analyzes the influence of TiO_(2) and Al_(2)O_(3) contents on the microstructure of CaO-SiO_(2)-MgO-xwt%Al_(2)O_(3)-ywt%TiO_(2)(14≤x≤22,0≤y≤10)blast furnace slag systems based on the change of slag viscosity,Raman spectroscopy,and molecular dynamics.The Raman spectroscopy results indicate that an increase in TiO_(2) content leads to the gradual depolymerization of complex Q_(Si)^(3) Q_(Si)^(2) Q_(Si)^(0) Q_(Si)^(1)silicate structures(and)into simpler structures(and)in the slag.At the same time,the Al-O-Al bonds in the aluminate structures of the slag also depolymerize into simpler Al-O-forms,resulting in a decrease in the degree of polymerization of both silicates and aluminates.In contrast,an increase in Al_(2)O_(3) content generally results in an increased degree of polymerization for the silicates and aluminates.Molecular dynamics simulations of the polymerization and depolymerization processes in the microstructure of the blast fur-nace slag reveal that Si and Al mainly exist in tetrahedral[SiO_(4)]^(4-)and[AlO_(4)]^(4-),while Ti mainly exists in the form of simple pentaco-ordinate[TiO_(5)]^(6-)and hexacoordinate[TiO_(6)]^(8-).TiO_(2) exhibits basic properties in this system,whereas Al_(2)O_(3) demonstrates acidic behavior.The addition of TiO_(2) introduces free oxide ions into the system,causing the bridging oxygens to break into non-bridging oxygens,lead-Q_(Si)^(4) Q_(Si)^(3)ing to the depolymerization of complex structures and,which simplifies the slag structure.On the other hand,an increase in Al_(2)O_(3) content tends to capture or share the oxide ions within the system to form[AlO_(4)]^(4-),resulting in the polymerization of free oxygens into Q_(Si)^(0) Q_(Si)^(1)non-bridging oxygens,which further polymerize into bridging oxygens and lead to the consolidation of simple structures and,resulting in a more complex slag structure.Both Raman spectroscopy analysis and molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that the degree of polymerization of[SiO_(4)]^(4-) and[AlO_(4)]^(4-) in the slag network structure is a crucial factor determining the fluidity of the slag.展开更多
The finding of the compound structure of a new four-scrolls chaotic system is reported, which is obtained by merging together two symmetrical attractors. And the two symmetrical attractors are generated only by adding...The finding of the compound structure of a new four-scrolls chaotic system is reported, which is obtained by merging together two symmetrical attractors. And the two symmetrical attractors are generated only by adding a constant gain to the original system. Also, the forming procedure of the new four-scrolls chaotic attractor is explored and the relation between the constant gain and the properties of the system is given.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries are the prominent device for stationary energy storage system and low-speed electric vehicles.However,the practical application is still limited by the unsatisfied performance and high cost of the...Sodium-ion batteries are the prominent device for stationary energy storage system and low-speed electric vehicles.However,the practical application is still limited by the unsatisfied performance and high cost of the cathode side,which strictly requires the development of high voltage,high capacity,and earth-abundant cathode material.Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxide has been recognized as one of the most promising standard type of cathodes.However,the composition and phase structure on high-voltage characteristics have not been well investigated.Herein,selecting the typically high-voltage cathode of P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)as a parent material,we fabricate ten Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxides through replacing the Ni,Mn,or both Ni and Mn by Fe.The thermodynamically stable phase diagram for those materials is presented.The electrochemical properties for all the samples are investigated in detail.Three potential Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxides are picked up considering the energy density,cycle stability,kinetics,cost price,and working voltage,which demonstrate great potential for surpassing the performance of lithium iron phosphate.The related electrochemical reaction and fading mechanism are well revealed.This work provides some new foundational Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered materials for high-voltage sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Under unanticipated natural disasters, any failure of structure components may cause the crash of an entire structure system. Resilience is an important metric for the structure system. Although many resilience metric...Under unanticipated natural disasters, any failure of structure components may cause the crash of an entire structure system. Resilience is an important metric for the structure system. Although many resilience metrics and assessment approaches are proposed for engineering system, they are not suitable for complex structure systems, since the failure mechanisms of them are different under the influences of natural disasters. This paper proposes a novel resilience assessment metric for structure system from a macroscopic perspective, named structure resilience, and develops a corresponding assessment approach based on remaining useful life of key components. Dynamic Bayesian networks(DBNs) and Markov are applied to establish the resilience assessment model. In the degradation process, natural degradation and accelerated degradation are modelled by using Bayesian networks, and then coupled by using DBNs. In the recovery process, the model is established by combining Markov and DBNs. Subsea oil and gas pipelines are adopted to demonstrate the application of the proposed structure metric and assessment approach.展开更多
Nonlinear sliding m ode predictive controller is designed for a class of nonlinear system w ith unm odeled dynam ic characteristics and nonlinear term . The m ethod is based on nonlinear opti- m alpredictive control...Nonlinear sliding m ode predictive controller is designed for a class of nonlinear system w ith unm odeled dynam ic characteristics and nonlinear term . The m ethod is based on nonlinear opti- m alpredictive control. The variable structure controllaw m inim izes the quadratic index ofa predic- tive sliding m ode, w hich contains thecostfunction ofcontrolpreventing the controleffectfrom satu- ration for in m ostpracticalim plem entation the controlinputs are bounded by physicalconstraints and energy constraints. According to the im m easurable states, the variable structure observer for nonlin- ear system sisadapted. The variablestructure system m ethod isaptto therealization ofobserverw ith variable param eters and uncertainty. The proofshow s thatthe states ofthe observer asym ptotically convergence to the realstates ofthe system although itisofuncertainty and nonlinear term s. Final- ly, the digitalsim ulation results prove the effectiveness ofthe proposed m ethod.展开更多
In this paper,there are discussed the informational functions of the living structures,analyzing the properties of the simplest eukaryotic cell as an example of a structural unit of the living unicellular and multicel...In this paper,there are discussed the informational functions of the living structures,analyzing the properties of the simplest eukaryotic cell as an example of a structural unit of the living unicellular and multicellular systems.The initiation of this analysis starts from an older example of an imaginary mechanism,particularly that described by the Maxwell’s demon experiment,which along the history of the information development concepts accompanied the philosophic vision on the structuration of matter and of the living entities,showing that these are actually the result of the intervention of information on the matter available substrate.Particularly,it is shown that the deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)structure is appropriate to store a large quantity of structural information,allowing the transfer of this information by transcription and translation mechanisms to proteins,which act as(re)structuration/transmission informational agents,or the generation of a new cellular daughter structure by a replication process.On the basis of the theory of information in communication channels,applicable also in biological systems,it was discussed the followed line for the evaluation of the quantity of structural information in various cells,demonstrating the evolution of organism complexity by the increase of the structural information quantity from unicellular(bacterium)to human cell.Applying a natural strategy of entropy lowering mainly by heat elimination,folding protein structuration and compartmentalization on the evolutionary scale,the living structures act as dynamic entities assuring their self-organizational structure by a permanent change of matter,energy and information with the environment in an efficient way,following a negative entropic process by internal structuration,similarly with Maxwell’s demon work.It is shown that to assure such a communication with external and internal intracellular structure,it was necessary the development of an own info-operational system of communication and decision,in which the operational“Yes/No”decisional binary(Bit)unit is essential.These revolutionary results show that the cell unit complies with the similar informational functions like the multicellular structure of the human body,organized in seven-type informational components,allowing the informational modeling of the activity of the living biologic structures and the opening of a shortcutting way to mimic the biologic functions in artificial cells.展开更多
The microstructures and Vickers hardness at room temperature of arc-meltingprocessed intermetallics of Mo_5Si_3-MoSi_2 hypoeutectic alloy and hypereutectic alloy annealed at1200℃ for different time were investigated....The microstructures and Vickers hardness at room temperature of arc-meltingprocessed intermetallics of Mo_5Si_3-MoSi_2 hypoeutectic alloy and hypereutectic alloy annealed at1200℃ for different time were investigated. Lamellar structure consisted of Mo_5Si_3 (D8m) phaseand MoSi_2 (C11_b) phase was observed in all the alloys. For Mo_5Si_3-MoSi_2 hypoeutectic alloy, thelamellar structure was found only after annealing and developed well with fine spacing on the orderof hundred nanometers after annealing at 1200℃ for 48 h. But when the annealing time was up to 96h, the well-developed lamellar structure was destroyed. For Mo_5Si_3-MoSi_2 hypereutectic alloy, thelamellar structure was found both before and after annealing. However the volume fraction andspacing of the lamellar structure did not change significantly before and after annealing. Theeffects of the formation, development and destruction of lamellar structure on Vickers hardness ofalloys were also investigated. When Mo_5Si_3-MoSi_2 hypoeutectic alloy annealed at 1200℃ for 48 h,the Vickers hardness was improved about 19% compared with that without annealing and formation oflamellar structure. The highest Vickers hardness of Mo5Si3-MoSi_2 hypereutectic was increasing about18% when annealing at 1200℃ for 48 h.展开更多
The field of structures on set of secants is offered and methods of its construction for various classes of one-valued nonlinearities of static systems are considered. The analysis of structural properties of system i...The field of structures on set of secants is offered and methods of its construction for various classes of one-valued nonlinearities of static systems are considered. The analysis of structural properties of system is fulfilled on specially generated set of data. Representation on which modification it is possible to judge to nonlinear structure of static systems is introduced. It is shown, that structures of nonlinear static systems have a special V-point. The adaptive algorithm of an estimation of structure of nonlinearity on a class poly-nomial function is offered.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52405095,12272089,and 92360305)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(No.2023A1515110557)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(No.2023-BSBA-102)the Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Particle Transport and Separation Technology of China(No.WZKF-2024-6)the Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automobile Components and Vehicle Technology of China(Nos.2024GKLACVTKF07 and 2024GKLACVTKF06)the Basic Research Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education of China(No.JYTQN2023162)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.N2403022)。
文摘The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometric distortions, leading to a diminution in the predictive accuracy of the distorted similitude. To address this challenge, this study formulates a novel set of scaling laws, tailored to account for the intricate geometric distortions associated with elastic rings. The proposed scaling laws are formulated based on the intrinsic deformation characteristics of elastic rings, rather than the traditional systemic governing equations. Numerical and experimental cases are conducted to assess the efficacy and precision of the proposed scaling laws, and the obtained results are compared with those achieved by traditional methods. The outcomes demonstrate that the scaling laws put forth by this study significantly enhance the predictive capabilities for deformations of elastic rings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22409065)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515011906)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731153)the Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technologythe Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20230868).
文摘The application of conventional manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))materials in sodium-ion supercapacitors(Na-SCs)is considerably limited by their low conductivity and structural instability.Biomimetic morphology engineering can optimize the electrochemical performance of MnO_(2).Here,based on the metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)-derived method and electrochemical reconstruction,a coral-like MnO_(2)structure integrated with a functional nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)coating is designed for Na-SC application.The bioinspired coral-like structure captures numerous electrolyte ions and increases the Na+concentration on the electrode surface,which is beneficial for optimizing the Na+transport pathway and accelerating the electrode reaction kinetics.Moreover,the coral-like crosslinked structure effectively enhances the mechanical properties,enabling the maintenance of the structure of MnO_(2)-based electrodes during long-term operation.Furthermore,in/ex-situ characterizations are performed to elucidate the mechanism of lattice transformation during electrochemical phase reconstruction.Additionally,the theoretical calculation and simulation results reveal the ion/electron dynamics in the fabricated electrode.The prepared electrode demonstrates excellent capacitance storage ability(340.7 F g^(−1)at 0.5 A g^(−1))and cycling stability(85.1%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).The assembled hybrid device exhibits exceptional life-span(82.0%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles)and exceptional energy density(36.5 Wh kg^(−1)).This study provides a reliable biomimetic morphology design strategy for MnO_(2)cathodes,paving the way for the fabrication of high-performance Na-SCs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(70503025)the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sci-ences(KZCX2-YW-305-2+3 种基金KSCX2-YW-N-039)the National Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs(2006BAC08B032006BAC08B06)international cooperation program of science and technolo-gy ministry(2006DFB919201).~~
文摘The dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain between 1988 and 2000 were researched in this paper. Spatial dominance econometric model was estabilished on 1 km cell to quantificafionally analyze the driving-force for the dynamic change mechanism of land system, such as natural, social and economic factors. The future dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain on each 1 km cell during 2000 to 2020 were stimulated by combining the dynamic changes of land system on each 1 km cell with different situations. The research indicated that the dynamic changes of land system structure changed mainly from the cultivated areas to building areas and industrial areas, and forest areas increased during this period. Although the revolutions of land system structure were different during 2000 to 2020 with the different referrence standard, ecological protection and economic development, the primary dynamic changes of land system structure were that the increase of building land areas with the decline cuhivaled land areas and the increase of woodlands.
文摘The development of sustainable electrode materials for energy storage systems has become very important and porous carbons derived from biomass have become an important candidate because of their tunable pore structure,environmental friendliness,and cost-effectiveness.Recent advances in controlling the pore structure of these carbons and its relationship between to is energy storage performance are discussed,emphasizing the critical role of a balanced distribution of micropores,mesopores and macropores in determining electrochemical behavior.Particular attention is given to how the intrinsic components of biomass precursors(lignin,cellulose,and hemicellulose)influence pore formation during carbonization.Carbonization and activation strategies to precisely control the pore structure are introduced.Finally,key challenges in the industrial production of these carbons are outlined,and future research directions are proposed.These include the establishment of a database of biomass intrinsic structures and machine learning-assisted pore structure engineering,aimed at providing guidance for the design of high-performance carbon materials for next-generation energy storage devices.
文摘The tight sandstone reservoirs in the first sub-member of Chang 7 member(Chang 71)of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin,show significant variations in microscopic pore-throat structure(PTS)and fluid mobility due to the influences of the northeast and northwest dual provenance systems.This study performed multiple experimental analyses on nine samples from the area to determine the petrological and petrophysical properties,as well as the PTS characteristics of reservoirs in different provenance-controlled regions.On this basis,the pore-throat size distribution(PSD)obtained from high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI)was utilized to convert the NMR movable fluid T2spectrum,allowing for quantitative characterization of the full PSD and the occurrence characteristics of movable fluids.A systematic analysis was conducted on the primary controlling factors affecting fluid mobility in the reservoir.The results indicated that the lithology in the eastern and western regions is lithic arkose.The eastern sandstones,being farther from the provenance,exhibit higher contents of feldspar and lithic fragments,along with the development of more dissolution pores.The reservoir possesses good petrophysical properties,low displacement pressure,and high pore-throat connectivity and homogeneity,indicating strong fluid mobility.In contrast,the western sandstones,being nearer to the provenance,exhibit poor grain sorting,high contents of lithic fragments,strong compaction and cementation effects,resulting in poor petrophysical properties,and strong pore-throat heterogeneity,revealing weak fluid mobility.The range of full PSD in the eastern reservoir is wider than that in the western reservoir,with relatively well-developed macropores.The macropores are the primary space for occurrence of movable fluids,and controls the fluid mobility of the reservoir.The effective porosity of movable fluids(EPMF)quantitatively represents the pore space occupied by movable fluids within the reservoir and correlates well with porosity,permeability,and PTS parameters,making it a valuable parameter for evaluating fluid mobility.Under the multi-provenance system,the eastern and western reservoirs underwent different sedimentation and diagenesis processes,resulting in differential distribution of reservoir mineral components and pore types,which in turn affects the PTS heterogeneity and reservoir quality.The composition and content of reservoir minerals are intrinsic factors influencing fluid mobility,while the microscopic PTS is the primary factor controlling it.Low clay mineral content,welldeveloped macropores,and weak pore-throat heterogeneity all contribute to the storage and seepage of reservoir fluids.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2024ZD1400101)China National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFF0801204)Major Science and Technology Project of CNPC(2023ZZ15YJ01,2021DJ0702)。
文摘Guided by the fundamental principles of the whole petroleum system,the control of tectonism,sedimentation,and diagenesis on hydrocarbon accumulation in a rifted basin is studied using the data of petroleum geology and exploration of the second member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation(Kong-2 Member)in the Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China.It is clarified that the circle structure and circle effects are the marked features of a continental fault petroliferous basin,and they govern the orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in the whole petroleum systems of the rifted basin.Tectonic circle zones control sedimentary circle zones,while sedimentary circle zones and diagenetic circle zones control the spatial distribution of favorable reservoirs,thereby determining the orderly distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations in various circles.A model for the integrated,systematic accumulation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons under a multi-circle structure of the whole petroleum system of continental rifted basin has been developed.It reveals that each sag of the rifted basin is an independent whole petroleum system and circle system,which encompasses multiple orderly circles of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons controlled by the same source kitchen.From the outer circle to the middle circle and then to the inner circle,there is an orderly transition from structural and stratigraphic reservoirs,to lithological and structural-lithological reservoirs,and finally to tight oil/gas and shale oil/gas enrichment zones.The significant feature of the whole petroleum system is the orderly control of hydrocarbons by multi-circle stratigraphic coupling,with the integrated,orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional reserves being the inevitable result of the multi-layered interaction within the whole petroleum system.This concept of multi-circle stratigraphic coupling for the orderly,integrated accumulation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons has guided significant breakthroughs in the overall,three-dimensional exploration and shale oil exploration in the Cangdong Sag.
文摘In order to solve existing problems about the method of establishing traditional system structure of decision support system(DSS), O S chart is applied to describe object oriented system structure of general DSS, and a new method of eight specific steps is proposed to establish object oriented system structure of DSS by using the method of O S chart, which is applied successfully to the development of the DSS for the energy system ecology engineering research of the Wangheqiu country. Supplying many scientific effective computing models, decision support ways and a lot of accurate reliable decision data, the DSS plays a critical part in helping engineering researchers to make correct decisions. Because the period for developing the DSS is relatively shorter, the new way improves the efficiency of establishing DSS greatly. It also makes the DSS of system structure more flexible and easy to expand.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12122405,12274169,and 11574109)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The high-pressure phase diagram of the Nb-Ti binary system at 0 K is explored by systematic crystal structure prediction.The results highlight a novel niobium-rich bcc phase,Nb_(7)Ti,which is the only dynamically stable ordered Nb-Ti compound under ambient pressure.Extensive first-principles calculations have provided insights into the electronic structure,bonding and superconducting properties of Nb_(7)Ti.The superconducting transition temperature(T_(c))for Nb_(7)Ti at ambient pressure is estimated within the framework of BCS theory to be about 17.5 K,which is significantly higher—nearly double—that of the widely utilized NbTi alloy.Furthermore,the results unveil that the high T_(c) is mainly attributed to the unique ordered lattice along with the strong electron-phonon coupling driven by interatomic interactions at mid-frequency and phonon softening induced by low-frequency Fermi surface nesting.Valuable insights are provided for the subsequent synthesis of application-oriented superconductors at low pressure.
基金Supported by the Special Program of Scientific and Technological Promotion of Fisheries in Guangdong(A201101I01,A201208E01)the Guangdong Scientific and Technological Planning Program(2012B020415006)~~
文摘To know the bacterial communities structure in Babylonia areolata culture systems and to research and optimize the management pattem of Babylonia areola-ta culture systems of the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom, the bacte- rial communities in Babylonia areolata culture systems of the sub-tidal zone and the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom were analyzed at molecular level by adopting the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）. The results indicated that the dominant bacterial communities in Babylonia areolata culture systems of the sub-tidal zone and the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom, which were built on the basis of the seawater in East-island of Zhanjiang, included Proteobac- teda Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria. The dominant bacterial groups in the above pond culture system were Garnmaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaprotecbacteda, Epsilonproteobacteda, Anaerolineae, Cyanobacteria and Acti- nobacteda. The dominant bacterial communities in the subtidal zone culture system were Gammaprotecbacteda, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Anaerolineae and Cyanobacteda, and there were less Epsilonproteobacteria and Actinobacteria in the culture system. The higher diversity was detected in the above two culture sys- tems. The results of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average （UPG- MA） showed that the bacterial communities of the sediment samples S1 and S2 in the above two culture systems were a cluster, the similarity of bacterial communities was 54.5%. The bacterial communities of seawater samples S3 and S4 in the above culture systems were in clusters, and the similarity of the bacterial communi- ties was 84.0%. The results showed that the microorganism ecological level in the Babylonia areolata culture systems of the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom could be similar to the sub-tidal zone culture systems through changing the pond seawater and monitoring the microbial population.
基金Supported by the National 863 Program:Gene Polymerization Tech-nology Study and New Variety Breeding of High-qualityMulti-resist-ance and High-yield Tomato(2007AA10Z178)+1 种基金Shanghai Agricul-ture Committee Key ProjectGermplasm Innovation of Tomato Re-sistance to Yellow Leaf Curl Virus(2007)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of tomato yellow leaf curl virus （TYLCV） infection on leaf anatomical structure and protective enzyme system of tomato. [Method] The anatomical structure of infected and healthy leaves of tomato were observed and compared by using paraffin section method. The activity changes of SOD, POD and CAT in the infected leaves of tomato were determined. [ Result] The results revealed that there were some differences in anatomical structure between healthy and infected leaves. Some cells of infected leaves were damaged so that the leaves curled and became yellow, which affected the normal function of organs. Compared with control, enzyme activities in the tomato plants infected by TYLCV were enhanced at the early periods and higher than that in control, then started to decline at the middle and late periods but lower than that in control.[ Conclusion] After infection by TYLCV, the leaf anatomical structure of tomato was changed greatly and the protective enzyme system was damaged severely, and affected the normal physJological metabolic functions of tissues and organs in tomato in further.
文摘This paper analyzes the compound attractor structure of a new three-dimensional autonomous chaotic system. First, it is found that there exist five equilibria in the chaotic system, and the stabilities of these equilibria are discussed under a constant scalar control input parameter m. Secondly, the trajectories of the attractors on a y-z plane are examined, the reasons why these trajectories can exist or disappear are also described. Finally, the forming procedure of the different scrolls chaotic attractor is explored by computer simulations when the parameter m is varied. It is shown that the new chaotic attractor has a compound structure, it can evolve to other three-dimensional autonomous chaotic systems. The results of theoretical analysis and simulation are helpful for better understanding of other similar chaotic systems.
基金Project supported by the National Defense Technology Foundation Under the State Administration of Science,Technology,and Industry for National Defense of China(No.JSZL2022213A001)the Special Funds for Basic Research in Central Universities of China(No.HYGJZN202322)。
文摘The bolted flange structure finds significant applications in fields such as aerospace,shipbuilding,and pipeline transportation.The investigation of its dynamic characteristics has consistently been a focal point for researchers;however,there remains a deficiency in the development of robust analytical models.This paper introduces a novel analytical model based on the finite element methods and the Timoshenko beam theory to accurately simulate the bolted flange structure.The stiffness,mass,damping,and inertia matrices of the rotor system are individually derived,and the dynamic equation is subsequently formulated.The model’s validity and accuracy are validated through both the experimental testing and the finite element analysis.This study aims to elucidate the relationship between the external loads and the influence of the geometric configuration on the stiffness and contact behavior of the bolted flange structure,thereby enabling a thorough and precise prediction of the static and dynamic load transfer pathways,as well as the distribution of vibrational energy within the structure,while also facilitating the incorporation of friction and slip effects.Simultaneously,this work provides a foundational framework for the optimization design of bolted flange structures,addressing the factors such as the number,size,and geometric distribution of bolts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174299)the State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive Utilization,China(No.2024P4FZG10).
文摘This study analyzes the influence of TiO_(2) and Al_(2)O_(3) contents on the microstructure of CaO-SiO_(2)-MgO-xwt%Al_(2)O_(3)-ywt%TiO_(2)(14≤x≤22,0≤y≤10)blast furnace slag systems based on the change of slag viscosity,Raman spectroscopy,and molecular dynamics.The Raman spectroscopy results indicate that an increase in TiO_(2) content leads to the gradual depolymerization of complex Q_(Si)^(3) Q_(Si)^(2) Q_(Si)^(0) Q_(Si)^(1)silicate structures(and)into simpler structures(and)in the slag.At the same time,the Al-O-Al bonds in the aluminate structures of the slag also depolymerize into simpler Al-O-forms,resulting in a decrease in the degree of polymerization of both silicates and aluminates.In contrast,an increase in Al_(2)O_(3) content generally results in an increased degree of polymerization for the silicates and aluminates.Molecular dynamics simulations of the polymerization and depolymerization processes in the microstructure of the blast fur-nace slag reveal that Si and Al mainly exist in tetrahedral[SiO_(4)]^(4-)and[AlO_(4)]^(4-),while Ti mainly exists in the form of simple pentaco-ordinate[TiO_(5)]^(6-)and hexacoordinate[TiO_(6)]^(8-).TiO_(2) exhibits basic properties in this system,whereas Al_(2)O_(3) demonstrates acidic behavior.The addition of TiO_(2) introduces free oxide ions into the system,causing the bridging oxygens to break into non-bridging oxygens,lead-Q_(Si)^(4) Q_(Si)^(3)ing to the depolymerization of complex structures and,which simplifies the slag structure.On the other hand,an increase in Al_(2)O_(3) content tends to capture or share the oxide ions within the system to form[AlO_(4)]^(4-),resulting in the polymerization of free oxygens into Q_(Si)^(0) Q_(Si)^(1)non-bridging oxygens,which further polymerize into bridging oxygens and lead to the consolidation of simple structures and,resulting in a more complex slag structure.Both Raman spectroscopy analysis and molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that the degree of polymerization of[SiO_(4)]^(4-) and[AlO_(4)]^(4-) in the slag network structure is a crucial factor determining the fluidity of the slag.
文摘The finding of the compound structure of a new four-scrolls chaotic system is reported, which is obtained by merging together two symmetrical attractors. And the two symmetrical attractors are generated only by adding a constant gain to the original system. Also, the forming procedure of the new four-scrolls chaotic attractor is explored and the relation between the constant gain and the properties of the system is given.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52402215)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2408085QB036)+1 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province Education Department(Grant Nos.2022AH050334,2022AH030046,2023AH051119)the Scientific Research Foundation of Anhui University of Technology for Talent Introduction(DT2200001211)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries are the prominent device for stationary energy storage system and low-speed electric vehicles.However,the practical application is still limited by the unsatisfied performance and high cost of the cathode side,which strictly requires the development of high voltage,high capacity,and earth-abundant cathode material.Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxide has been recognized as one of the most promising standard type of cathodes.However,the composition and phase structure on high-voltage characteristics have not been well investigated.Herein,selecting the typically high-voltage cathode of P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)as a parent material,we fabricate ten Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxides through replacing the Ni,Mn,or both Ni and Mn by Fe.The thermodynamically stable phase diagram for those materials is presented.The electrochemical properties for all the samples are investigated in detail.Three potential Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxides are picked up considering the energy density,cycle stability,kinetics,cost price,and working voltage,which demonstrate great potential for surpassing the performance of lithium iron phosphate.The related electrochemical reaction and fading mechanism are well revealed.This work provides some new foundational Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered materials for high-voltage sodium-ion batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51779267)the Taishan Scholars Project (Grant No. tsqn201909063)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Universities in Shandong Province (Grant No.2019KJB016)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFE0105100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Opening Fund of National Engineering Laboratory of Offshore Geophysical and Exploration Equipment (Grant No.20CX02301A)。
文摘Under unanticipated natural disasters, any failure of structure components may cause the crash of an entire structure system. Resilience is an important metric for the structure system. Although many resilience metrics and assessment approaches are proposed for engineering system, they are not suitable for complex structure systems, since the failure mechanisms of them are different under the influences of natural disasters. This paper proposes a novel resilience assessment metric for structure system from a macroscopic perspective, named structure resilience, and develops a corresponding assessment approach based on remaining useful life of key components. Dynamic Bayesian networks(DBNs) and Markov are applied to establish the resilience assessment model. In the degradation process, natural degradation and accelerated degradation are modelled by using Bayesian networks, and then coupled by using DBNs. In the recovery process, the model is established by combining Markov and DBNs. Subsea oil and gas pipelines are adopted to demonstrate the application of the proposed structure metric and assessment approach.
文摘Nonlinear sliding m ode predictive controller is designed for a class of nonlinear system w ith unm odeled dynam ic characteristics and nonlinear term . The m ethod is based on nonlinear opti- m alpredictive control. The variable structure controllaw m inim izes the quadratic index ofa predic- tive sliding m ode, w hich contains thecostfunction ofcontrolpreventing the controleffectfrom satu- ration for in m ostpracticalim plem entation the controlinputs are bounded by physicalconstraints and energy constraints. According to the im m easurable states, the variable structure observer for nonlin- ear system sisadapted. The variablestructure system m ethod isaptto therealization ofobserverw ith variable param eters and uncertainty. The proofshow s thatthe states ofthe observer asym ptotically convergence to the realstates ofthe system although itisofuncertainty and nonlinear term s. Final- ly, the digitalsim ulation results prove the effectiveness ofthe proposed m ethod.
文摘In this paper,there are discussed the informational functions of the living structures,analyzing the properties of the simplest eukaryotic cell as an example of a structural unit of the living unicellular and multicellular systems.The initiation of this analysis starts from an older example of an imaginary mechanism,particularly that described by the Maxwell’s demon experiment,which along the history of the information development concepts accompanied the philosophic vision on the structuration of matter and of the living entities,showing that these are actually the result of the intervention of information on the matter available substrate.Particularly,it is shown that the deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)structure is appropriate to store a large quantity of structural information,allowing the transfer of this information by transcription and translation mechanisms to proteins,which act as(re)structuration/transmission informational agents,or the generation of a new cellular daughter structure by a replication process.On the basis of the theory of information in communication channels,applicable also in biological systems,it was discussed the followed line for the evaluation of the quantity of structural information in various cells,demonstrating the evolution of organism complexity by the increase of the structural information quantity from unicellular(bacterium)to human cell.Applying a natural strategy of entropy lowering mainly by heat elimination,folding protein structuration and compartmentalization on the evolutionary scale,the living structures act as dynamic entities assuring their self-organizational structure by a permanent change of matter,energy and information with the environment in an efficient way,following a negative entropic process by internal structuration,similarly with Maxwell’s demon work.It is shown that to assure such a communication with external and internal intracellular structure,it was necessary the development of an own info-operational system of communication and decision,in which the operational“Yes/No”decisional binary(Bit)unit is essential.These revolutionary results show that the cell unit complies with the similar informational functions like the multicellular structure of the human body,organized in seven-type informational components,allowing the informational modeling of the activity of the living biologic structures and the opening of a shortcutting way to mimic the biologic functions in artificial cells.
文摘The microstructures and Vickers hardness at room temperature of arc-meltingprocessed intermetallics of Mo_5Si_3-MoSi_2 hypoeutectic alloy and hypereutectic alloy annealed at1200℃ for different time were investigated. Lamellar structure consisted of Mo_5Si_3 (D8m) phaseand MoSi_2 (C11_b) phase was observed in all the alloys. For Mo_5Si_3-MoSi_2 hypoeutectic alloy, thelamellar structure was found only after annealing and developed well with fine spacing on the orderof hundred nanometers after annealing at 1200℃ for 48 h. But when the annealing time was up to 96h, the well-developed lamellar structure was destroyed. For Mo_5Si_3-MoSi_2 hypereutectic alloy, thelamellar structure was found both before and after annealing. However the volume fraction andspacing of the lamellar structure did not change significantly before and after annealing. Theeffects of the formation, development and destruction of lamellar structure on Vickers hardness ofalloys were also investigated. When Mo_5Si_3-MoSi_2 hypoeutectic alloy annealed at 1200℃ for 48 h,the Vickers hardness was improved about 19% compared with that without annealing and formation oflamellar structure. The highest Vickers hardness of Mo5Si3-MoSi_2 hypereutectic was increasing about18% when annealing at 1200℃ for 48 h.
文摘The field of structures on set of secants is offered and methods of its construction for various classes of one-valued nonlinearities of static systems are considered. The analysis of structural properties of system is fulfilled on specially generated set of data. Representation on which modification it is possible to judge to nonlinear structure of static systems is introduced. It is shown, that structures of nonlinear static systems have a special V-point. The adaptive algorithm of an estimation of structure of nonlinearity on a class poly-nomial function is offered.
