In this paper, we have used the distributed mean value analysis (DMVA) technique with the help of random observe property (ROP) and palm probabilities to improve the network queuing system throughput. In such networks...In this paper, we have used the distributed mean value analysis (DMVA) technique with the help of random observe property (ROP) and palm probabilities to improve the network queuing system throughput. In such networks, where finding the complete communication path from source to destination, especially when these nodes are not in the same region while sending data between two nodes. So, an algorithm is developed for single and multi-server centers which give more interesting and successful results. The network is designed by a closed queuing network model and we will use mean value analysis to determine the network throughput (b) for its different values. For certain chosen values of parameters involved in this model, we found that the maximum network throughput for β≥0.7?remains consistent in a single server case, while in multi-server case for β≥ 0.5?throughput surpass the Marko chain queuing system.展开更多
Background: Since 2004, zebrafish have become the state-of-the-art, in vivo model for biomedical research due to their genetic and physiological homology with humans, inexpensive high-quantity breeding, and quick deve...Background: Since 2004, zebrafish have become the state-of-the-art, in vivo model for biomedical research due to their genetic and physiological homology with humans, inexpensive high-quantity breeding, and quick development in a highly-controlled environment suitable for longitudinal studies. New Method: To fully utilize the zebrafish model, a novel, automated, high-throughput system was designed. Shoals of five zebrafish were placed in 16 tanks and automatically fed over two days for a total of 16 training sessions. Color LED lights were used as the stimulus for each shoal coinciding with the release of food for a duration of 20 seconds. This system was tested on two age groups: 6- and 11-month-old. Results: After three training sessions, the median height of the school in the tank during stimulus was significantly higher than that of the naïve fish during the first training session. All subsequent training sessions demonstrated similar behaviour. A decline in memory retention, as defined by a reduction in the median height during light stimulus (i.e. no simultaneous food delivery), was observed 8 days post training. Comparison with existing methods: The high-throughput nature of this system allows for simultaneous training of 16 tanks of fish under identical conditions without human interaction and provides a means to rapidly assess their learning and memory behaviours. Conclusion: Results provide a baseline for understanding the normal cognitive processes of learning and memory retention in zebrafish. This work paves the way for future studies on the impacts of therapeutic agents on these cognitive processes.展开更多
Codebook-based multiple input multiple output(MIMO) beamforming can significantly improve the system spectral efficiency with limited feedback and gets widely adopted.However,this scheme has a drawback of heavy feedba...Codebook-based multiple input multiple output(MIMO) beamforming can significantly improve the system spectral efficiency with limited feedback and gets widely adopted.However,this scheme has a drawback of heavy feedback load that the sum feedback rate can be a bottleneck for the communication system,especially when the number of users is large.In this paper,a new scheme using pseudo-random beamforming vectors and angle based threshold in the feedback process is proposed.In the proposed scheme,both the base-station and the users have no need to store a codebook.In each access procedure,the base-station generates a pseudo-random beamforming vector,and each user calculates the angle between the beamforming vectors and its channel state information(CSI) vector.If the angle is less than a predefined angle-threshold,the user feeds back its channel quality indicators(CQI),otherwise it keep silence.Compared with the codebook based scheme,the proposed scheme can largely reduce the sum feedback rate with negligible throughput loss.In particular,when the system has a constraint on the total sum feedback rate in uplink channel,the proposed scheme can increase the system throughput significantly.展开更多
An improved spectrum-efficient and fair resource scheduling algorithm for multimedia broadcast multicast service(MBMS)in long term evolution(LTE)systems is proposed in this paper.By jointly considering the channel con...An improved spectrum-efficient and fair resource scheduling algorithm for multimedia broadcast multicast service(MBMS)in long term evolution(LTE)systems is proposed in this paper.By jointly considering the channel conditions of all the users,the average packet loss rate,and the fairness of users in the MBMS group,the transmission data rate of the MBMS group is first selected according to the link adaptation and the average packet loss rate of users.Then,the resource blocks are allocated to MBMS groups according to the scheduling priority.Such a resource scheduling algorithm further balances the system throughput and user fairness.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a good tradeoff between system throughput and user fairness in comparison with traditional scheduling algorithms.展开更多
Delivery of safe and pathogen-free drinking water is crucial to public health.However,there exist challenges to the maintenance of the sterility of drinking water throughout the drinking water distribution systems（D...Delivery of safe and pathogen-free drinking water is crucial to public health.However,there exist challenges to the maintenance of the sterility of drinking water throughout the drinking water distribution systems（DWDS）.Microbial growth in DWDS,such as growth of opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms,can lead to severe health problems in consumers（Berry et al.,2006;Brettar and Hofle,2006;Lu et al.,2014;Zhang et al.,2015）.展开更多
A new scheme to generate multiple weights used in opportunistic beamforming (OBF) system is proposed to deal with the performance degradation due to the fewer active users in the OBF system. In the proposed scheme, on...A new scheme to generate multiple weights used in opportunistic beamforming (OBF) system is proposed to deal with the performance degradation due to the fewer active users in the OBF system. In the proposed scheme, only two mini-slots are employed to create effective channels, while more channel candidates can be obtained via linearly combining the two effective channels obtained during the two mini-slots, thus increas-ing the multiuser diversity and the system throughputs. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.展开更多
In this study, a multipurpose M13KE phage display vector was constructed from wild-type M13KE phage for long peptide or protein display libraries without helper phage to expand the scope of targeted high-throughput sc...In this study, a multipurpose M13KE phage display vector was constructed from wild-type M13KE phage for long peptide or protein display libraries without helper phage to expand the scope of targeted high-throughput screening. Based on the relationship between the structure and function of minor coat protein of wild-type MI3KE （wt-plII）, a truncated gene III （tglll） encoding minor coat protein from M13KE phage was cloned. A fusion gene fragment harboring a hw/tac promoter, signal peptide and C-terminal region sequence of gill was assembled with SOEing-PCR （splice-overlapping-extension polymerase chain reaction） method and inserted into M13KE vector. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis with anti-M13 pIII moneclonal antibody were employed to detect the expression of re- combinant protein, c-Myc and HA tag sequences were fused into the recombinant protein. The results showed that tglll was inserted into an unessential region of M13KE. According to the results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot with anti-M13 pIII antibody, pIII was expressed by wt-gIII and tgIII, glII harboring two tags ex- pressed both c-Myc and HA peptides using SDS-PAGE and Western blot with the corresponding monoclonal antibodies. In this study, a multipurpose M13KE phage display system was successfully constructed, which could express both short and long peptide libraries without helper phage. In future, the obtained M13KE phage display system may be used for targeted high-throughput screening of long peptide libraries without helper phage.展开更多
Satellite mega-constellations(SMCs)encounter significant operational challenges due to various space environmental effects.While the mechanisms underlying some of these effects have been studied from a physical perspe...Satellite mega-constellations(SMCs)encounter significant operational challenges due to various space environmental effects.While the mechanisms underlying some of these effects have been studied from a physical perspective,their precise impact on the network performance of SMCs remains unclear.To elucidate this further,this study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of space environmental effects,such as solar radiation,ionizing radiation,and space debris,and the associated failure mechanisms in the nodes and links of SMCs.In addition,the impacts of solar radiation and single-event effects on performance of SMC system,particularly network throughput capacity,are examined.Results reveal that under the effect of the space environment,the throughput capacity degradation of SMC system varies with different parameters such as orbital altitude and inclination.Most importantly,the results bridge the gap between the physical phenomena of space environmental effects and network-level modeling.Finally,future research directions are prospected,regarding network topology control,constellation architecture,network routing techniques,and so on,to help mitigate network performance degradation due to space environmental effects.展开更多
In this paper, we consider a spectrum sharing scheme that is a joint optimization of relay selection and power allocation at the secondary transmitter, which aims to achieve the maximum possible throughput for the sec...In this paper, we consider a spectrum sharing scheme that is a joint optimization of relay selection and power allocation at the secondary transmitter, which aims to achieve the maximum possible throughput for the secondary user. This paper considers the scenario where the primary user is incapable of supporting its target signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). More especially, the secondary transmitter tries to assist the primary user with achieving its target SNR by cooperative amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying with two-phase. By exhaustive search for all candidate secondary transmitters, an optimal secondary transmitter can be selected, which not only can satisfy the primary user’s target SNR, but also maximize the secondary user’s throughput. The optimal secondary transmitter acts as a relay for the primary user by allocating a part of its power to amplify-and-forward the primary signal over the primary user’s licensed spectrum bands. At the same time, as a reward, the optimal secondary transmitter uses the remaining power to transmit its own signal over the remaining licensed spectrum bands. Thus, the secondary user obtains the spectrum access opportunities. Besides, there is no interference between the primary user and the secondary user. We study the joint optimization of relay selection and power allocation such that the secondary user’s throughput is maximized on the condition that it satisfies the primary user’s target SNR. From the simulation, it is shown that the joint optimization of relay selection and power allocation provides a significant throughput gain compared with random relay selection with optimal power allocation (OPA) and random relay selection with water-filling power allocation (WPA). Moreover, the simulation results also shown that our spectrum sharing scheme obtains the win-win solution for the primary system and the secondary system.展开更多
面对生命这一结构复杂、层级丰富、动态性强的系统,应当如何选择并采用更为有效的方法开展研究?这一问题的答案与重点在生命科学的不同发展阶段也不尽相同。20世纪90年代两则经典故事:《道格的救赎》(The Salvation of Doug)与《比尔的...面对生命这一结构复杂、层级丰富、动态性强的系统,应当如何选择并采用更为有效的方法开展研究?这一问题的答案与重点在生命科学的不同发展阶段也不尽相同。20世纪90年代两则经典故事:《道格的救赎》(The Salvation of Doug)与《比尔的消亡》(The Demise of Bill),曾以汽车为类比对象,用讽刺笔法生动呈现了遗传学家与生物化学家理解汽车运行机制所采用的不同研究策略:是通过拆解组分、解析互作来揭示潜在机制,还是借助功能扰动来识别系统的关键环节?哪种方法能更有效解析生命过程?作为启发式寓言,它们在当时引发了关于不同研究方法优劣与互补性的广泛讨论。时至今日,这两则故事仍是教学中的重要素材。当前,生命科学进入高通量、高精度、多维度融合的新阶段,传统的单一路径研究策略已难以支撑对复杂生命过程深入而系统地理解。生命活动具有模块化结构、调控网络、非线性响应以及适应性补偿等诸多特性,而单一策略往往仅能捕捉其局部、静态特征,难以还原整体的动态特征和调控规律,从而限制了对复杂生命过程的系统认知,也制约了理论深化与应用突破。基于此,本文尝试对上述两个经典故事进行了续写,将其延伸至更具时代特征的场景中,并赋予了主角具有象征意义的中文名字:“知微”(代表生化路径)和“思序”(象征遗传思路)。通过讲述他们在探索智能电动汽车系统的运行原理过程中,如何从各自为营的局面逐渐走向协作与共赢,运用高通量手段,开展系统性分析,并引入数字仿真建模,逐步揭示复杂系统行为背后的结构特性与运行逻辑。故事呼应当前生命科学对系统性与动态性研究的日益重视及其所面临的挑战,强调方法融合与创新的关键作用,鼓励读者思考遗传学方法在当代研究范式中的定位与价值,旨在为遗传学及相关学科的教学提供参考。展开更多
文摘In this paper, we have used the distributed mean value analysis (DMVA) technique with the help of random observe property (ROP) and palm probabilities to improve the network queuing system throughput. In such networks, where finding the complete communication path from source to destination, especially when these nodes are not in the same region while sending data between two nodes. So, an algorithm is developed for single and multi-server centers which give more interesting and successful results. The network is designed by a closed queuing network model and we will use mean value analysis to determine the network throughput (b) for its different values. For certain chosen values of parameters involved in this model, we found that the maximum network throughput for β≥0.7?remains consistent in a single server case, while in multi-server case for β≥ 0.5?throughput surpass the Marko chain queuing system.
文摘Background: Since 2004, zebrafish have become the state-of-the-art, in vivo model for biomedical research due to their genetic and physiological homology with humans, inexpensive high-quantity breeding, and quick development in a highly-controlled environment suitable for longitudinal studies. New Method: To fully utilize the zebrafish model, a novel, automated, high-throughput system was designed. Shoals of five zebrafish were placed in 16 tanks and automatically fed over two days for a total of 16 training sessions. Color LED lights were used as the stimulus for each shoal coinciding with the release of food for a duration of 20 seconds. This system was tested on two age groups: 6- and 11-month-old. Results: After three training sessions, the median height of the school in the tank during stimulus was significantly higher than that of the naïve fish during the first training session. All subsequent training sessions demonstrated similar behaviour. A decline in memory retention, as defined by a reduction in the median height during light stimulus (i.e. no simultaneous food delivery), was observed 8 days post training. Comparison with existing methods: The high-throughput nature of this system allows for simultaneous training of 16 tanks of fish under identical conditions without human interaction and provides a means to rapidly assess their learning and memory behaviours. Conclusion: Results provide a baseline for understanding the normal cognitive processes of learning and memory retention in zebrafish. This work paves the way for future studies on the impacts of therapeutic agents on these cognitive processes.
文摘Codebook-based multiple input multiple output(MIMO) beamforming can significantly improve the system spectral efficiency with limited feedback and gets widely adopted.However,this scheme has a drawback of heavy feedback load that the sum feedback rate can be a bottleneck for the communication system,especially when the number of users is large.In this paper,a new scheme using pseudo-random beamforming vectors and angle based threshold in the feedback process is proposed.In the proposed scheme,both the base-station and the users have no need to store a codebook.In each access procedure,the base-station generates a pseudo-random beamforming vector,and each user calculates the angle between the beamforming vectors and its channel state information(CSI) vector.If the angle is less than a predefined angle-threshold,the user feeds back its channel quality indicators(CQI),otherwise it keep silence.Compared with the codebook based scheme,the proposed scheme can largely reduce the sum feedback rate with negligible throughput loss.In particular,when the system has a constraint on the total sum feedback rate in uplink channel,the proposed scheme can increase the system throughput significantly.
文摘An improved spectrum-efficient and fair resource scheduling algorithm for multimedia broadcast multicast service(MBMS)in long term evolution(LTE)systems is proposed in this paper.By jointly considering the channel conditions of all the users,the average packet loss rate,and the fairness of users in the MBMS group,the transmission data rate of the MBMS group is first selected according to the link adaptation and the average packet loss rate of users.Then,the resource blocks are allocated to MBMS groups according to the scheduling priority.Such a resource scheduling algorithm further balances the system throughput and user fairness.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a good tradeoff between system throughput and user fairness in comparison with traditional scheduling algorithms.
文摘Delivery of safe and pathogen-free drinking water is crucial to public health.However,there exist challenges to the maintenance of the sterility of drinking water throughout the drinking water distribution systems（DWDS）.Microbial growth in DWDS,such as growth of opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms,can lead to severe health problems in consumers（Berry et al.,2006;Brettar and Hofle,2006;Lu et al.,2014;Zhang et al.,2015）.
文摘A new scheme to generate multiple weights used in opportunistic beamforming (OBF) system is proposed to deal with the performance degradation due to the fewer active users in the OBF system. In the proposed scheme, only two mini-slots are employed to create effective channels, while more channel candidates can be obtained via linearly combining the two effective channels obtained during the two mini-slots, thus increas-ing the multiuser diversity and the system throughputs. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
基金Supported by Youth Fund of Suzhou Chien-shiung Institute of Technology(2013QNJJ38)
文摘In this study, a multipurpose M13KE phage display vector was constructed from wild-type M13KE phage for long peptide or protein display libraries without helper phage to expand the scope of targeted high-throughput screening. Based on the relationship between the structure and function of minor coat protein of wild-type MI3KE （wt-plII）, a truncated gene III （tglll） encoding minor coat protein from M13KE phage was cloned. A fusion gene fragment harboring a hw/tac promoter, signal peptide and C-terminal region sequence of gill was assembled with SOEing-PCR （splice-overlapping-extension polymerase chain reaction） method and inserted into M13KE vector. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis with anti-M13 pIII moneclonal antibody were employed to detect the expression of re- combinant protein, c-Myc and HA tag sequences were fused into the recombinant protein. The results showed that tglll was inserted into an unessential region of M13KE. According to the results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot with anti-M13 pIII antibody, pIII was expressed by wt-gIII and tgIII, glII harboring two tags ex- pressed both c-Myc and HA peptides using SDS-PAGE and Western blot with the corresponding monoclonal antibodies. In this study, a multipurpose M13KE phage display system was successfully constructed, which could express both short and long peptide libraries without helper phage. In future, the obtained M13KE phage display system may be used for targeted high-throughput screening of long peptide libraries without helper phage.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62495022,62495020,62422114,62461160329,62121001,and 62371360)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(CAST2022QNRC001).
文摘Satellite mega-constellations(SMCs)encounter significant operational challenges due to various space environmental effects.While the mechanisms underlying some of these effects have been studied from a physical perspective,their precise impact on the network performance of SMCs remains unclear.To elucidate this further,this study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of space environmental effects,such as solar radiation,ionizing radiation,and space debris,and the associated failure mechanisms in the nodes and links of SMCs.In addition,the impacts of solar radiation and single-event effects on performance of SMC system,particularly network throughput capacity,are examined.Results reveal that under the effect of the space environment,the throughput capacity degradation of SMC system varies with different parameters such as orbital altitude and inclination.Most importantly,the results bridge the gap between the physical phenomena of space environmental effects and network-level modeling.Finally,future research directions are prospected,regarding network topology control,constellation architecture,network routing techniques,and so on,to help mitigate network performance degradation due to space environmental effects.
文摘In this paper, we consider a spectrum sharing scheme that is a joint optimization of relay selection and power allocation at the secondary transmitter, which aims to achieve the maximum possible throughput for the secondary user. This paper considers the scenario where the primary user is incapable of supporting its target signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). More especially, the secondary transmitter tries to assist the primary user with achieving its target SNR by cooperative amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying with two-phase. By exhaustive search for all candidate secondary transmitters, an optimal secondary transmitter can be selected, which not only can satisfy the primary user’s target SNR, but also maximize the secondary user’s throughput. The optimal secondary transmitter acts as a relay for the primary user by allocating a part of its power to amplify-and-forward the primary signal over the primary user’s licensed spectrum bands. At the same time, as a reward, the optimal secondary transmitter uses the remaining power to transmit its own signal over the remaining licensed spectrum bands. Thus, the secondary user obtains the spectrum access opportunities. Besides, there is no interference between the primary user and the secondary user. We study the joint optimization of relay selection and power allocation such that the secondary user’s throughput is maximized on the condition that it satisfies the primary user’s target SNR. From the simulation, it is shown that the joint optimization of relay selection and power allocation provides a significant throughput gain compared with random relay selection with optimal power allocation (OPA) and random relay selection with water-filling power allocation (WPA). Moreover, the simulation results also shown that our spectrum sharing scheme obtains the win-win solution for the primary system and the secondary system.
文摘面对生命这一结构复杂、层级丰富、动态性强的系统,应当如何选择并采用更为有效的方法开展研究?这一问题的答案与重点在生命科学的不同发展阶段也不尽相同。20世纪90年代两则经典故事:《道格的救赎》(The Salvation of Doug)与《比尔的消亡》(The Demise of Bill),曾以汽车为类比对象,用讽刺笔法生动呈现了遗传学家与生物化学家理解汽车运行机制所采用的不同研究策略:是通过拆解组分、解析互作来揭示潜在机制,还是借助功能扰动来识别系统的关键环节?哪种方法能更有效解析生命过程?作为启发式寓言,它们在当时引发了关于不同研究方法优劣与互补性的广泛讨论。时至今日,这两则故事仍是教学中的重要素材。当前,生命科学进入高通量、高精度、多维度融合的新阶段,传统的单一路径研究策略已难以支撑对复杂生命过程深入而系统地理解。生命活动具有模块化结构、调控网络、非线性响应以及适应性补偿等诸多特性,而单一策略往往仅能捕捉其局部、静态特征,难以还原整体的动态特征和调控规律,从而限制了对复杂生命过程的系统认知,也制约了理论深化与应用突破。基于此,本文尝试对上述两个经典故事进行了续写,将其延伸至更具时代特征的场景中,并赋予了主角具有象征意义的中文名字:“知微”(代表生化路径)和“思序”(象征遗传思路)。通过讲述他们在探索智能电动汽车系统的运行原理过程中,如何从各自为营的局面逐渐走向协作与共赢,运用高通量手段,开展系统性分析,并引入数字仿真建模,逐步揭示复杂系统行为背后的结构特性与运行逻辑。故事呼应当前生命科学对系统性与动态性研究的日益重视及其所面临的挑战,强调方法融合与创新的关键作用,鼓励读者思考遗传学方法在当代研究范式中的定位与价值,旨在为遗传学及相关学科的教学提供参考。
