This study explores architectural design by examining air, fluid mechanics, and the natural ventilation of buildings. In this context, this research introduces a new way of dealing with the process of architectural sy...This study explores architectural design by examining air, fluid mechanics, and the natural ventilation of buildings. In this context, this research introduces a new way of dealing with the process of architectural synthesis. The proposed way can be used either to create new architectural projects or to rethink existing ones. This study is supported by previous investigation into the natural ventilation of buildings via computational and laboratory simulation （Stavddou, 2011; Stavridou and Prinos, 2013）. The investigation into the natural ventilation of buildings provides information and data that affect architectural design through various parameters. The parameters of architectural synthesis that are influenced and discussed in this paper are the following： （i） inspiration and analogical transfer, （ii） initial conception of the main idea using computationat fluid dynamics （digital design）, （iii） development of the main idea through an investigatory process toward building form optimization, and （iv） form configuration, shape investigation, and other morphogenetic prospects. This study illustrates the effect of natural ventitation research on architectural design and thus produces a new approach to the architectural design process. This approach leads to an innovative kind of architecture called ＂breathing architecture.＂展开更多
The effects of different solvent/water coagula-tion mediums,different coagulation bath temperatures(CBT)and different coagulants on the performance,morphology and thermal stability of polysulfone mem-branes were inves...The effects of different solvent/water coagula-tion mediums,different coagulation bath temperatures(CBT)and different coagulants on the performance,morphology and thermal stability of polysulfone mem-branes were investigated.The CO_(2)/CH_(4),H_(2)/CH_(4) and H_(2)/N_(2) separation performance of the membranes were studied by gas permeation.Changing the N,N-dimethyl acetamide(DMAc)/water coagulation medium ratio from pure water to 90/10 vol%,resulted in a complete disappearance of the macrovoids throughout the polysulfone(PSf)polymeric matrix.The PSf membrane prepared in a CBT of 25℃ showed the best gas separation performance with ideal selectivities of 46.29,39.81 and 51.02 for H_(2)/CH_(4),CO_(2)/CH_(4) and H_(2)/N_(2) respectively,and permeances of 25 and 21.5 GPU for H_(2) and CO_(2) at 25℃ and 10 bar respectively.By increasing the amount of solvent in the gelation bath,the selectivities of H_(2)/CH_(4),CO_(2)/CH_(4) and H_(2)/N_(2) were dramatically reduced from 46.29,39.81 and 51.02 to 16.08,20.2 and 18.5 respectively at 25℃ and 10 bar.Reducing the CBT from 80℃ to 5℃ led to a complete elimination of macrovoids.Using methanol as a coagulant resulted in a less selective membrane compared with membranes from ethanol and water coagulants.The H_(2) and CO_(2) permeances were respectively about 3 and 9 times more than those for ethanol and water coagulants.Coated membranes were heated at different temperatures to investigate the suppression of undesirable CO_(2) plasticiza-tion.The membranes were stabilized against CO_(2) plasticization by a heat-treatment process.展开更多
A green synthetic method using mixted solvents of di-methyl formamide(DMF)and acids instead of single DMF to synthesize metalloporphyrins(TRPPMCl)from TRPPH_(2) and MCl_(2) metallization was proposed in this paper.A s...A green synthetic method using mixted solvents of di-methyl formamide(DMF)and acids instead of single DMF to synthesize metalloporphyrins(TRPPMCl)from TRPPH_(2) and MCl_(2) metallization was proposed in this paper.A series of TRPPMCl(M=Fe,Mn,Co)were synthesized through this innovative synthetic method,and these complexes were characterized with various spectroscopic techniques,includingIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.The results showed that the metallization time was markedly reduced from about 10h to 0.5h in contrast with the conventional synthetic methods.展开更多
文摘This study explores architectural design by examining air, fluid mechanics, and the natural ventilation of buildings. In this context, this research introduces a new way of dealing with the process of architectural synthesis. The proposed way can be used either to create new architectural projects or to rethink existing ones. This study is supported by previous investigation into the natural ventilation of buildings via computational and laboratory simulation （Stavddou, 2011; Stavridou and Prinos, 2013）. The investigation into the natural ventilation of buildings provides information and data that affect architectural design through various parameters. The parameters of architectural synthesis that are influenced and discussed in this paper are the following： （i） inspiration and analogical transfer, （ii） initial conception of the main idea using computationat fluid dynamics （digital design）, （iii） development of the main idea through an investigatory process toward building form optimization, and （iv） form configuration, shape investigation, and other morphogenetic prospects. This study illustrates the effect of natural ventitation research on architectural design and thus produces a new approach to the architectural design process. This approach leads to an innovative kind of architecture called ＂breathing architecture.＂
基金grateful for the support provided by the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad(Grant No.35462)we are also indebted to the National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company for its financial support.
文摘The effects of different solvent/water coagula-tion mediums,different coagulation bath temperatures(CBT)and different coagulants on the performance,morphology and thermal stability of polysulfone mem-branes were investigated.The CO_(2)/CH_(4),H_(2)/CH_(4) and H_(2)/N_(2) separation performance of the membranes were studied by gas permeation.Changing the N,N-dimethyl acetamide(DMAc)/water coagulation medium ratio from pure water to 90/10 vol%,resulted in a complete disappearance of the macrovoids throughout the polysulfone(PSf)polymeric matrix.The PSf membrane prepared in a CBT of 25℃ showed the best gas separation performance with ideal selectivities of 46.29,39.81 and 51.02 for H_(2)/CH_(4),CO_(2)/CH_(4) and H_(2)/N_(2) respectively,and permeances of 25 and 21.5 GPU for H_(2) and CO_(2) at 25℃ and 10 bar respectively.By increasing the amount of solvent in the gelation bath,the selectivities of H_(2)/CH_(4),CO_(2)/CH_(4) and H_(2)/N_(2) were dramatically reduced from 46.29,39.81 and 51.02 to 16.08,20.2 and 18.5 respectively at 25℃ and 10 bar.Reducing the CBT from 80℃ to 5℃ led to a complete elimination of macrovoids.Using methanol as a coagulant resulted in a less selective membrane compared with membranes from ethanol and water coagulants.The H_(2) and CO_(2) permeances were respectively about 3 and 9 times more than those for ethanol and water coagulants.Coated membranes were heated at different temperatures to investigate the suppression of undesirable CO_(2) plasticiza-tion.The membranes were stabilized against CO_(2) plasticization by a heat-treatment process.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.20776003,20576005)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(No.2061001).
文摘A green synthetic method using mixted solvents of di-methyl formamide(DMF)and acids instead of single DMF to synthesize metalloporphyrins(TRPPMCl)from TRPPH_(2) and MCl_(2) metallization was proposed in this paper.A series of TRPPMCl(M=Fe,Mn,Co)were synthesized through this innovative synthetic method,and these complexes were characterized with various spectroscopic techniques,includingIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.The results showed that the metallization time was markedly reduced from about 10h to 0.5h in contrast with the conventional synthetic methods.
