The central nervous system has a very high energy requirement. Accord- ingly, despite representing only 2% of the body＇s mass, the brain uses 20% of the total oxygen consumption. Importantly, because most of this ene...The central nervous system has a very high energy requirement. Accord- ingly, despite representing only 2% of the body＇s mass, the brain uses 20% of the total oxygen consumption. Importantly, because most of this energy is used to maintain synaptic activity, even a mild decrease in its supply to the brain has deleterious implications for synaptic function.展开更多
In recent decades,the potential health hazards of microwave exposure have been attracting increasing attention.Our previous studies have demonstrated that microwave exposure impaired learning and memory in experimenta...In recent decades,the potential health hazards of microwave exposure have been attracting increasing attention.Our previous studies have demonstrated that microwave exposure impaired learning and memory in experimental animal models[1,2].展开更多
Long-term potentiation （LTP） at synapses between primary afferents and spinal dorsal horn neurons induced by noxious electrical stimulation or injury of peripheral nerve is con- sidered to underlie chronic pain [1]....Long-term potentiation （LTP） at synapses between primary afferents and spinal dorsal horn neurons induced by noxious electrical stimulation or injury of peripheral nerve is con- sidered to underlie chronic pain [1]. The mechanisms of the spinal LTP have been intensively investigated, since it was discovered in 1995 [2]. In recent years, spinal application of ATP [3], brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） [4] and opioid [5] has been shown to induce spinal LTP at C-fiber synapses in the absence of conditioning activation of primary afferents. This is contrary to the general belief that coinci- dent pre- and postsynaptic activity is needed for LTP induction. Recently, Sandkiihler and his co-workers reported in Science that combined activation of microglia and astro- cytes by P2X7 receptor agonist BzATP induces LTP at synapses between afferent C-fibers and spinal lamina I neurons in the absence of presynaptic activation, which is termed gliogenic LTP [6] （Fig. 1C）. To determine the rela- tionship between the gliogenic LTP and high frequency stimulation （HFS）-indueed LTP, they used transverse lum- bar spinal cord slices with long dorsal roots which were separated into halves. Twenty two lamina I neurons that received independent monosynaptic C-fiber inputs from each dorsal root half were recorded. Homosynaptic LTP is recorded in 12 neurons, among them 6 neurons also show heterosynaptic LTP （Fig. 1A）. Interestingly, heterosynaptic LTP is also induced in 5 neurons in which HFS fails to induce homosynaptic LTP （Fig. 1B）.展开更多
Totally three articles focusing on Schisandra N-butanol extract effects on hippocampal CA1 synaptic morphology and plasticity in ovarectomized mice, as well as catalpol and GBE50 effects on neuronal synaptic plasticit...Totally three articles focusing on Schisandra N-butanol extract effects on hippocampal CA1 synaptic morphology and plasticity in ovarectomized mice, as well as catalpol and GBE50 effects on neuronal synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex following cerebral ischemia were published in three issues. We hope that our readers find these papers useful to their research.展开更多
基金supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants NS-091201(to MY)and NS-079331(to MY)VA MERIT Award IO1BX003441(to MY)
文摘The central nervous system has a very high energy requirement. Accord- ingly, despite representing only 2% of the body＇s mass, the brain uses 20% of the total oxygen consumption. Importantly, because most of this energy is used to maintain synaptic activity, even a mild decrease in its supply to the brain has deleterious implications for synaptic function.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of China[No.81172620]。
文摘In recent decades,the potential health hazards of microwave exposure have been attracting increasing attention.Our previous studies have demonstrated that microwave exposure impaired learning and memory in experimental animal models[1,2].
文摘Long-term potentiation （LTP） at synapses between primary afferents and spinal dorsal horn neurons induced by noxious electrical stimulation or injury of peripheral nerve is con- sidered to underlie chronic pain [1]. The mechanisms of the spinal LTP have been intensively investigated, since it was discovered in 1995 [2]. In recent years, spinal application of ATP [3], brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） [4] and opioid [5] has been shown to induce spinal LTP at C-fiber synapses in the absence of conditioning activation of primary afferents. This is contrary to the general belief that coinci- dent pre- and postsynaptic activity is needed for LTP induction. Recently, Sandkiihler and his co-workers reported in Science that combined activation of microglia and astro- cytes by P2X7 receptor agonist BzATP induces LTP at synapses between afferent C-fibers and spinal lamina I neurons in the absence of presynaptic activation, which is termed gliogenic LTP [6] （Fig. 1C）. To determine the rela- tionship between the gliogenic LTP and high frequency stimulation （HFS）-indueed LTP, they used transverse lum- bar spinal cord slices with long dorsal roots which were separated into halves. Twenty two lamina I neurons that received independent monosynaptic C-fiber inputs from each dorsal root half were recorded. Homosynaptic LTP is recorded in 12 neurons, among them 6 neurons also show heterosynaptic LTP （Fig. 1A）. Interestingly, heterosynaptic LTP is also induced in 5 neurons in which HFS fails to induce homosynaptic LTP （Fig. 1B）.
文摘Totally three articles focusing on Schisandra N-butanol extract effects on hippocampal CA1 synaptic morphology and plasticity in ovarectomized mice, as well as catalpol and GBE50 effects on neuronal synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex following cerebral ischemia were published in three issues. We hope that our readers find these papers useful to their research.
