Plague,caused by Yersinia pestis,is a flea-borne disease that is endemic in areas throughout the world due to its successful maintenance in a sylvatic cycle,mainly in areas with temperate climates.Burrowing rodents ar...Plague,caused by Yersinia pestis,is a flea-borne disease that is endemic in areas throughout the world due to its successful maintenance in a sylvatic cycle,mainly in areas with temperate climates.Burrowing rodents are thought to play a key role in the enzootic maintenance as well as epizootic outbreaks of plague.In the United States,prairie dogs(Cynomys),rodents(Muridae),and ground squirrels(Spermophilus)are susceptible to infection and are parasitized by fleas that transmit plague.In particular,prairie dogs can experience outbreaks that rapidly spread,which can lead to extirpation of colonies.A number of ecological parameters,including climate,are associated with these epizootics.In this study,we asked whether soil parameters,primarily moisture and temperature,are associated with outbreaks of plague in black-tailed prairie dogs and Gunnison’s prairie dogs in the Western United States,and at what depth these associations were apparent.We collected publicly available county-level information on the occurrence of population declines or colony extirpation,while historical soil data was collected from SCAN and USCRN stations in counties and states where prairie dogs have been located.The analysis suggests that soil moisture at lower depths correlates with colony die-offs,in addition to temperature near the surface,with key differences within the landscape ecology that impact the occurrence of plague.Overall,the model suggests that the burrow environment may play a significant role in the epizootic spread of disease amongst black-tailed and Gunnison’s prairie dogs.展开更多
Phylogenic evidence suggests that the strain of Zika virus causing an unprecedented outbreak of disease in the Americas had its origin in Southeast Asia,where reports of isolated cases of Zika virus infection have occ...Phylogenic evidence suggests that the strain of Zika virus causing an unprecedented outbreak of disease in the Americas had its origin in Southeast Asia,where reports of isolated cases of Zika virus infection have occurred since 2010,Why there has been no large outbreak of Zika infection in Southeast Asia remains unclear and whether such an outbreak will occur in the future is a question of significant concern,This review looks at Zika virus from a Southeast Asian perspective and highlights some of the possible scenarios with regards to Zika virus in this part of the world as well as highlighting some of the research questions that need to be urgently addressed.展开更多
Zika virus(ZIKV)may cause severe microcephaly in newborn babies and Guillain‐Barrésyndrome in some adults.In recent decades,its range has expanded in 86 countries.There are two ecologically and evolutionarily di...Zika virus(ZIKV)may cause severe microcephaly in newborn babies and Guillain‐Barrésyndrome in some adults.In recent decades,its range has expanded in 86 countries.There are two ecologically and evolutionarily district cycles:urban cycle and sylvatic cycle.This work aimed to estimate the urban and sylvatic cycle areas of ZIKV throughout the world.The occurrence records of vectors,non‐human primate hosts,and ZIKV were collected.We chose historical climate data,predicted vectors distribution,human population density,and elevation data as the variables to fit the maximum entropy model(MaxEnt).Current risk area and future prediction were performed with global climate models(GCMs)and shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs).Predicting the ZIKV risk area would help tailor related control strategies.The results indicated that 16.6%of the world’s landmass(except Antarctica)is a risk area in the urban cycle.Approximately 6.22 billion people(78.69%of the global population)live in the risk area,with the vast majority in South Asia,tropical Africa,South America,North America,and countries around the Mediterranean Sea.Future climate change decreases the risk area of ZIKV.This study also suggested that the sylvatic cycle happened between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.The overlap region of the urban and sylvatic cycles could be hotpots that ZIKV spill from the sylvatic to the urban cycle.It is indicated that long‐term passenger screening,mosquito surveillance,and control are necessary.展开更多
文摘Plague,caused by Yersinia pestis,is a flea-borne disease that is endemic in areas throughout the world due to its successful maintenance in a sylvatic cycle,mainly in areas with temperate climates.Burrowing rodents are thought to play a key role in the enzootic maintenance as well as epizootic outbreaks of plague.In the United States,prairie dogs(Cynomys),rodents(Muridae),and ground squirrels(Spermophilus)are susceptible to infection and are parasitized by fleas that transmit plague.In particular,prairie dogs can experience outbreaks that rapidly spread,which can lead to extirpation of colonies.A number of ecological parameters,including climate,are associated with these epizootics.In this study,we asked whether soil parameters,primarily moisture and temperature,are associated with outbreaks of plague in black-tailed prairie dogs and Gunnison’s prairie dogs in the Western United States,and at what depth these associations were apparent.We collected publicly available county-level information on the occurrence of population declines or colony extirpation,while historical soil data was collected from SCAN and USCRN stations in counties and states where prairie dogs have been located.The analysis suggests that soil moisture at lower depths correlates with colony die-offs,in addition to temperature near the surface,with key differences within the landscape ecology that impact the occurrence of plague.Overall,the model suggests that the burrow environment may play a significant role in the epizootic spread of disease amongst black-tailed and Gunnison’s prairie dogs.
基金supported by Mahidol University,The Thailand Research Fund and Mahidol University(IRG5780009 and RTA5780009)the Office of the Higher Education Commission and Mahidol University under the National Research Universities Initiative and by the National Science and Technology Development Agency(FDA-CO-2559-1569-TH and P-16-50685)+1 种基金supported by The Thailand Research Fund(RAP59K0006)the Office of the Higher Education Commission and the Thailand Research Fund(MRG5980168)
文摘Phylogenic evidence suggests that the strain of Zika virus causing an unprecedented outbreak of disease in the Americas had its origin in Southeast Asia,where reports of isolated cases of Zika virus infection have occurred since 2010,Why there has been no large outbreak of Zika infection in Southeast Asia remains unclear and whether such an outbreak will occur in the future is a question of significant concern,This review looks at Zika virus from a Southeast Asian perspective and highlights some of the possible scenarios with regards to Zika virus in this part of the world as well as highlighting some of the research questions that need to be urgently addressed.
基金supported by a combination of funding from the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC1200100)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(31830087,81829004)+1 种基金the National Institutes of Health,USA(AI136850)the Guangzhou Synergy Innovation Key Program for Health(201803040006)。
文摘Zika virus(ZIKV)may cause severe microcephaly in newborn babies and Guillain‐Barrésyndrome in some adults.In recent decades,its range has expanded in 86 countries.There are two ecologically and evolutionarily district cycles:urban cycle and sylvatic cycle.This work aimed to estimate the urban and sylvatic cycle areas of ZIKV throughout the world.The occurrence records of vectors,non‐human primate hosts,and ZIKV were collected.We chose historical climate data,predicted vectors distribution,human population density,and elevation data as the variables to fit the maximum entropy model(MaxEnt).Current risk area and future prediction were performed with global climate models(GCMs)and shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs).Predicting the ZIKV risk area would help tailor related control strategies.The results indicated that 16.6%of the world’s landmass(except Antarctica)is a risk area in the urban cycle.Approximately 6.22 billion people(78.69%of the global population)live in the risk area,with the vast majority in South Asia,tropical Africa,South America,North America,and countries around the Mediterranean Sea.Future climate change decreases the risk area of ZIKV.This study also suggested that the sylvatic cycle happened between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.The overlap region of the urban and sylvatic cycles could be hotpots that ZIKV spill from the sylvatic to the urban cycle.It is indicated that long‐term passenger screening,mosquito surveillance,and control are necessary.
