Field-effect nanofluidic transistors(FENTs),biomimicking the structure and functionality of neuron,act as biological transistors with the ability to gate switching responses to external stimuli.The switching ratio has...Field-effect nanofluidic transistors(FENTs),biomimicking the structure and functionality of neuron,act as biological transistors with the ability to gate switching responses to external stimuli.The switching ratio has been verified to evaluate the performance of FENTs,but until recently,the response time,another crucial indicator,has been ignored.Employing finite-element method,we investigated the relationship among gate charge,switching ratio and response time by divisionally manipulating gate charge,including entrance surface and the surface of confinement space,for ion transport to optimize switching capability.The dual-split gate charge on FENTs exhibits synergistic effect on switching response.Based on the two regional gate charge on FENTs,multivalence ions in lower concentration,high aspect ratio and single channel show higher switching ratio but longer response time compared to monovalent ions.The findings highlight the necessity of balancing these two signals in FENTs and offer insights for optimizing their design and expanding applications to dual-signal-detection iontronics.展开更多
Coherent perfect absorption(CPA)and coherent perfect transmission(CPT)are two extreme states arising from the manipulation of optical fields.Generally,CPA and CPT occur under different input-field phases.Therefore,we ...Coherent perfect absorption(CPA)and coherent perfect transmission(CPT)are two extreme states arising from the manipulation of optical fields.Generally,CPA and CPT occur under different input-field phases.Therefore,we propose a scheme to realize an all-optical switch based on phase-dependent CPA–CPT conversion.In our proposal,the CPT state and the CPA state are treated as the on state and the off state,respectively.Consequently,the efficiency of this all-optical switch can reach the maximum value of 1.With the introduction of an incoherent pump field,the CPA state can be achieved under a weaker input probe field or can be converted into a CPT state.The results show that the optical switch can operate with weaker fields and can be further optimized by the application of an incoherent field.展开更多
The proliferation of heterogeneous networks,such as the Internet of Things(IoT),unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)networks,and edge networks,has increased the complexity of network operation and administration,driving the e...The proliferation of heterogeneous networks,such as the Internet of Things(IoT),unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)networks,and edge networks,has increased the complexity of network operation and administration,driving the emergence of digital twin networks(DTNs)that create digital-physical network mappings.While DTNs enable performance analysis through emulation testbeds,current research focuses on network-level systems,neglecting equipment-level emulation of critical components like core switches and routers.To address this issue,we propose v Fabric(short for virtual switch),a digital twin emulator for high-capacity core switching equipment.This solution implements virtual switching and network processor(NP)chip models through specialized processes,deployable on single or distributed servers via socket communication.The v Fabric emulator can realize the accurate emulation for the core switching equipment with 720 ports and 100 Gbit/s per port on the largest scale.To our knowledge,this represents the first digital twin emulation framework specifically designed for large-capacity core switching equipment in communication networks.展开更多
Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for preserving chondrocyte physiological conditions and increasing resistance against osteoarthritis(OA).However,the underlying mechanisms governing mitochondrial self...Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for preserving chondrocyte physiological conditions and increasing resistance against osteoarthritis(OA).However,the underlying mechanisms governing mitochondrial self-renewal and energy production remain elusive.In this study,we demonstrated mitochondrial damage and aberrant mitophagy in OA chondrocytes.Genetically overexpressing PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)protects against cartilage degeneration by removing defective mitochondria.PINK1 knockout aggravated cartilage damage due to impaired mitophagy.SIRT3 directly deacetylated PINK1 to promote mitophagy and cartilage anabolism.Specifically,PINK1 phosphorylated PKM2 at the Ser127 site,preserving its active tetrameric form.This inhibited nuclear translocation and the interaction withβ-catenin,resulting in a metabolic shift and increased energy production.Finally,a double-knockout mouse model demonstrated the role of the SIRT3-PINK1-PKM2 axis in safeguarding the structural integrity of articular joints and improving motor functions.Overall,this study provides a novel insight into the regulation of mitochondrial renewal and metabolic switches in OA.展开更多
Memristors have a synapse-like two-terminal structure and electrical properties,which are widely used in the construc-tion of artificial synapses.However,compared to inorganic materials,organic materials are rarely us...Memristors have a synapse-like two-terminal structure and electrical properties,which are widely used in the construc-tion of artificial synapses.However,compared to inorganic materials,organic materials are rarely used for artificial spiking synapses due to their relatively poor memrisitve performance.Here,for the first time,we present an organic memristor based on an electropolymerized dopamine-based memristive layer.This polydopamine-based memristor demonstrates the improve-ments in key performance,including a low threshold voltage of 0.3 V,a thin thickness of 16 nm,and a high parasitic capaci-tance of about 1μF·mm^(-2).By leveraging these properties in combination with its stable threshold switching behavior,we con-struct a capacitor-free and low-power artificial spiking neuron capable of outputting the oscillation voltage,whose spiking fre-quency increases with the increase of current stimulation analogous to a biological neuron.The experimental results indicate that our artificial spiking neuron holds potential for applications in neuromorphic computing and systems.展开更多
BACKGROUND Research has consistently demonstrated that patients with major depressive disorder(MDD)exhibit attentional switching dysfunction,and the dual-task paradigm has emerged as a valuable tool for probing cognit...BACKGROUND Research has consistently demonstrated that patients with major depressive disorder(MDD)exhibit attentional switching dysfunction,and the dual-task paradigm has emerged as a valuable tool for probing cognitive deficits.However,the neuroelectrophysiological mechanism underlying this deficit has not been clarified.AIM To investigate the event-related potential(ERP)characteristics of attentional switching dysfunction and further explore the neuroelectrophysiological mechanism of the cognitive processing deficits underlying attentional switching dysfunction in MDD.METHODS The participants included 29 MDD patients and 29 healthy controls(HCs).The ERPs of the participants were measured while they performed the dual-task para digm.The behavioral and ERP N100,P200,P300,and late positive potential(LPP)data were analyzed.RESULTS This study revealed greater accuracy in HCs and slower reaction times(RTs)in MDD patients.Angry facial pictures led to lower accuracy.The results also revealed shorter RTs for happy facial pictures and the longest RTs for the 500-ms stimulus onset asynchrony.With respect to ERP characteristics,happy facial pictures and neutral facial pictures evoked higher amplitudes.The N100,P200,P300,and LPP amplitudes at Pz were the highest.MDD patients had lower P200 mean amplitudes and LPP amplitudes than HCs did.CONCLUSION In conclusion,MDD patients exhibited abnormal ERP characteristics evoked by the dual-task paradigm,which could be the neural correlates of the known abnormalities in attentional switching in patients with MDD.These results provide valuable insights into the understanding of the neural mechanisms of attentional switching function and may guide targeted interventions in patients with MDD.展开更多
Switched Reluctance Motors(SRMs),outfitted with rugged construction,good speed range,high torque density,and rare earth-free nature that outweigh induction motors(IM)and permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM),afford...Switched Reluctance Motors(SRMs),outfitted with rugged construction,good speed range,high torque density,and rare earth-free nature that outweigh induction motors(IM)and permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM),afford a broad range of applications in the domain of electric vehicles(EVs).Standard copper magnetic wire and low-carbon steel laminations are used to construct SRMs,which give them high efficiency in the range of 85-95%.Despite SRM's desirable features over traditional motor-speed drives,high torque ripples and radial distortions constrain their deployment in EVs.Precise rotor position is imperative for effective management of the speed and torque of SRMs.This paper provides an illustrative compendium on review of the torque-speed control and ripple mitigation techniques using design enhancements and control methods for SRM drives for EV applications.The various schemes were evaluated on their performance metricsoperational speed range,control complexity,practical realization,need for pre-stored parameters(look-up tables of current,inductance and torque profiles)and motor controller memory requirements.The findings provide valuable insights into balancing the gains and trade-offs associated with EV applications.Furthermore,they pinpoint opportunities for enhancement by analyzing the cost and technical aspects of different SRM controllers.展开更多
Existing nanogenerator technologies for harvesting high-power energy from wind encounter significant chal-lenges due to limitations in current output.Here,we propose a rotating-switch triboelectric nanogenerator(RS-TE...Existing nanogenerator technologies for harvesting high-power energy from wind encounter significant chal-lenges due to limitations in current output.Here,we propose a rotating-switch triboelectric nanogenerator(RS-TENG)that uses mechanical triggering switches(on-off-on)to enhance the instantaneous current pulses during rotation.The rotating-switch in the proposed device addresses the issue of low instantaneous current output in triboelectric nanogenerators while maintaining voltage stability.At a constant rotational speed,the RS-TENG achieves an instantaneous current of 3.2 times that of its nonswitching counterpart,with an 89%reduction in response time.Furthermore,at a wind speed of 2 m·s^(-1),the RS-TENG achieves a wind power density of 10.4 mW·m^(-2)·m^(-1)·s.Additionally,by integrating the RS-TENG with energy management circuits,the nanogenerator can power wireless signal transmitters and temperature sensors,offering a self-sustaining power solution for remote wireless services.This research presents a promising technology for powering electronic devices in energy-scarce environments.展开更多
This article investigates the anti-disturbance and stabilization problems for the nonlinear uncertain permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)with stator voltage saturation and unknown load.A smooth switching mechanis...This article investigates the anti-disturbance and stabilization problems for the nonlinear uncertain permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)with stator voltage saturation and unknown load.A smooth switching mechanism is presented to structure the adaptive integral terminal sliding mode control(SMC)strategy.The control design consists of compensation control and nominal control,which improves the rapidity and accuracy of trajectory tracking.The smooth saturation model based on the error function is applied to approximate the voltage saturation phenomenon.Additionally,to deal with the adverse effects of various unknown disturbances,including model parameter uncertainties and unknown external load disturbances,an improved disturbance observer(DO)is proposed.This observer effectively suppresses the fluctuations caused by fixed gain during the starting period of the system.Finally,the experimental results under different conditions show that the proposed strategy has good tracking and disturbance suppression performances.展开更多
As artificial intelligence and big data become increasingly prevalent, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) has become one of the most promising alternatives for storing massive amounts of data. In this study, we emp...As artificial intelligence and big data become increasingly prevalent, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) has become one of the most promising alternatives for storing massive amounts of data. In this study, we employed high-quality crystalline TiN/Al_(2)O_(3)/BaTiO_(3)/Pt RRAM with an optimized thin Al_(2)O_(3) interlayer around 12 nm thick prepared using atomic layer deposition since the thickness of the interlayer affects the memory window size. After insertion of the Al_(2)O_(3) interlayer, the novel RRAM exhibited outstanding uniform resistive switching voltage and the ON/OFF memory window drastically increased from 10 to 103 without any discernible decline in performance. Moreover, the low-resistance state and high-resistance state operating current values decreased by almost one order and three orders of magnitude, respectively, thereby decreasing the power consumption for the RESET and SET processes by more than three and almost one order of magnitude, respectively. The device also exhibits multilevel resistive switching behavior when varying the applied voltage. Finally, we also developed a 6 6 crossbar array which demonstrated consistent and reliable resistive switching behavior with minimal variation. Hence, our approach holds great promise for producing state-of-the-art non-volatile resistive switching devices.展开更多
Uneven power distribution,transient voltage,and frequency deviations are observed in the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter during the switching between grid-connected and island modes.In response to these issues,th...Uneven power distribution,transient voltage,and frequency deviations are observed in the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter during the switching between grid-connected and island modes.In response to these issues,this paper proposes a grid-connected/island switching control strategy for photovoltaic storage hybrid inverters based on the modified chimpanzee optimization algorithm.The proposed strategy incorporates coupling compensation and power differentiation elements based on the traditional droop control.Then,it combines the angular frequency and voltage amplitude adjustments provided by the phase-locked loop-free pre-synchronization control strategy.Precise pre-synchronization is achieved by regulating the virtual current to zero and aligning the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter with the grid voltage.Additionally,two novel operators,learning and emotional behaviors are introduced to enhance the optimization precision of the chimpanzee algorithm.These operators ensure high-precision and high-reliability optimization of the droop control parameters for photovoltaic storage hybrid inverters.A Simulink model was constructed for simulation analysis,which validated the optimized control strategy’s ability to evenly distribute power under load transients.This strategy effectively mitigated transient voltage and current surges during mode transitions.Consequently,seamless and efficient switching between gridconnected and island modes was achieved for the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter.The enhanced energy utilization efficiency,in turn,offers robust technical support for grid stability.展开更多
Dear Editor,In this letter,several novel controllability results for a class of linear switched and impulsive systems are established.Different from the developed controllability conditions in most existing literature...Dear Editor,In this letter,several novel controllability results for a class of linear switched and impulsive systems are established.Different from the developed controllability conditions in most existing literature,the important role of switched and impulsive time sequence is considered.Applying the relevant geometric theory of matrix,a necessary and sufficient criterion for the controllability is firstly developed to judge when the controllability of such systems is affected by switched and impulsive time sequence.Furthermore,we further obtain a sufficient controllability condition that can be used to verify the controllability of such systems regardless of the switched and impulsive time sequence.Finally,a numerical example is given to verify the obtained theoretical results.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter studies finite-time stability (FTS) of impulsive and switched hybrid systems with delay-dependent impulses. Some conditions, based on Lyapunov method, are proposed for ensuring FTS and estimati...Dear Editor,This letter studies finite-time stability (FTS) of impulsive and switched hybrid systems with delay-dependent impulses. Some conditions, based on Lyapunov method, are proposed for ensuring FTS and estimating settling-time function (STF) of the hybrid systems.When switching dynamics are FTS and impulsive dynamics involve destabilizing delay-dependent impulses, the FTS is retained if the impulses occur infrequently.展开更多
Stimuli-responsive materials offer significant potential for high-security encryption,smart sensors,and optoelectronic switching due to their reversible state transitions triggered by external stimuli(temperature,ligh...Stimuli-responsive materials offer significant potential for high-security encryption,smart sensors,and optoelectronic switching due to their reversible state transitions triggered by external stimuli(temperature,light,or electric fields).Combining quasi-spherical molecular design with chiral engineering,we designed enantiomeric organic amine-borane adduct crystals exhibiting multi-channel switching behavior at room temperature.The strategic introduction of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and chirality in engineered R/S-HQNB crystals successfully enables room-temperature structural phase transitions.This transition is coupled with pronounced onoff switching in dielectric,SHG,and SHG-CD responses,demonstrating practical application potential through ambient-temperature operation,which is rarely documented in pure small molecule organic crystals.This advance establishes a pathway for functional organic materials design and enables chiral optical applications with integrated stimuli-responsive capabilities.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the problem of time-varying formation tracking for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs) under directed switching networks. For this purpose, our first step is to present so...Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the problem of time-varying formation tracking for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs) under directed switching networks. For this purpose, our first step is to present some sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of a particular category of switched systems.展开更多
Switched linear parameter varying(LPV)systems have,in recent years,inspired a great number of research endeavors owing to their excellent ability to approximate nonlinear systems and handle complex hybrid dynamics in ...Switched linear parameter varying(LPV)systems have,in recent years,inspired a great number of research endeavors owing to their excellent ability to approximate nonlinear systems and handle complex hybrid dynamics in system analysis and synthesis.Nevertheless,numerous difficulties and challenges are also encountered due to the reciprocal effects of switching signals and scheduling parameters in the analysis and synthesis of switched LPV systems.In this paper,the standard description and specific characteristics of switched LPV systems are first introduced.Then,the main methodologies are proposed in the literature to cope with stability and performance analysis,control synthesis,as well as fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control issues,and the typical applications in various fields are surveyed.Finally,several key open problems and current research activities are also discussed to elucidate the potential research directions in the future.展开更多
The phenomena of thermal runaway and accidental deformation due to external stresses in lithium batteries or film capacitors consti-tute their primary failure mechanisms.Therefore,monitoring and early warning of overh...The phenomena of thermal runaway and accidental deformation due to external stresses in lithium batteries or film capacitors consti-tute their primary failure mechanisms.Therefore,monitoring and early warning of overheating or localized strain are of great value for the safe use of lithium batteries or film capacitors;however,this function usually requires a system of multiple complex sensors.The realization of the above multiple hazards using a single sensor for monitoring and alarm functions has not been reported.Here,we exploit the thermally induced conductivity and modulus change during solid-liquid conversion of low melting point polyalloys to modulate the electronic relaxation polariza-tion and interfacial polarization in the composites for dielectric switching,and the reduction of alloy particle spacing during bending/compres-sive strain can be used to generate switchable tunneling effects for insulator-conductor transition.By synergizing dielectric switching and insula-tor-conductor transition,the final flexible thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer/low-melting-point polyalloy composite film achieves the func-tional integration of multi-level overheating warning and small deformation monitoring.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China (No.2025A1515011654)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22090053)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for National Universities,China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)support from the program of China Scholarships Council (No.202406410155)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST-Doctoral Student Special Plansupport from the S&T Special Program of Huzhou (No.2024GZ07)。
文摘Field-effect nanofluidic transistors(FENTs),biomimicking the structure and functionality of neuron,act as biological transistors with the ability to gate switching responses to external stimuli.The switching ratio has been verified to evaluate the performance of FENTs,but until recently,the response time,another crucial indicator,has been ignored.Employing finite-element method,we investigated the relationship among gate charge,switching ratio and response time by divisionally manipulating gate charge,including entrance surface and the surface of confinement space,for ion transport to optimize switching capability.The dual-split gate charge on FENTs exhibits synergistic effect on switching response.Based on the two regional gate charge on FENTs,multivalence ions in lower concentration,high aspect ratio and single channel show higher switching ratio but longer response time compared to monovalent ions.The findings highlight the necessity of balancing these two signals in FENTs and offer insights for optimizing their design and expanding applications to dual-signal-detection iontronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.12304405,12275203,and 12075176)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.23JK0483)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Grant Nos.2024JC-YBMS-521 and 2024JC-YBMS-039)the 2022 Shaanxi University Youth Innovation Team Project(Grant No.K20220186)the College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.S202410702178)。
文摘Coherent perfect absorption(CPA)and coherent perfect transmission(CPT)are two extreme states arising from the manipulation of optical fields.Generally,CPA and CPT occur under different input-field phases.Therefore,we propose a scheme to realize an all-optical switch based on phase-dependent CPA–CPT conversion.In our proposal,the CPT state and the CPA state are treated as the on state and the off state,respectively.Consequently,the efficiency of this all-optical switch can reach the maximum value of 1.With the introduction of an incoherent pump field,the CPA state can be achieved under a weaker input probe field or can be converted into a CPT state.The results show that the optical switch can operate with weaker fields and can be further optimized by the application of an incoherent field.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1406200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2521005,12174144,12474009,12174146,and 124B2059)the Special Construction Project Fund for Shan-dong Province Taishan Scholars.
文摘Multifunctional optical responsive materials have grown increasingly pivotal in addressingthe escalating demands of sensing,detection,and anti-counterfeiting applications[1,2].These materials exhibit distinct visible optical variations upon exposure to external stimuli,such as pressure,temperature,light,solvents,pH fluctuations,or mechanical force.Fluorescent sensing and anti-counterfeiting technologies leveraging these optical responses have emerged as highly promising solutions.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Nos.62171085,62272428,62001087,U20A20156,and 61871097the ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.HC-CN-20220722010。
文摘The proliferation of heterogeneous networks,such as the Internet of Things(IoT),unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)networks,and edge networks,has increased the complexity of network operation and administration,driving the emergence of digital twin networks(DTNs)that create digital-physical network mappings.While DTNs enable performance analysis through emulation testbeds,current research focuses on network-level systems,neglecting equipment-level emulation of critical components like core switches and routers.To address this issue,we propose v Fabric(short for virtual switch),a digital twin emulator for high-capacity core switching equipment.This solution implements virtual switching and network processor(NP)chip models through specialized processes,deployable on single or distributed servers via socket communication.The v Fabric emulator can realize the accurate emulation for the core switching equipment with 720 ports and 100 Gbit/s per port on the largest scale.To our knowledge,this represents the first digital twin emulation framework specifically designed for large-capacity core switching equipment in communication networks.
基金supported by grants from National Nature Science Foundation of China(82272494,82472452,82402864)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2502902)+4 种基金Key Project of Jiangsu Health Commission(K2023079)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20240368)Basic Research Pilot Project Suzhou(SSD2024062),China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M762313)Boxi Youth Natural Science Foundation(BXQN2023014)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for preserving chondrocyte physiological conditions and increasing resistance against osteoarthritis(OA).However,the underlying mechanisms governing mitochondrial self-renewal and energy production remain elusive.In this study,we demonstrated mitochondrial damage and aberrant mitophagy in OA chondrocytes.Genetically overexpressing PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)protects against cartilage degeneration by removing defective mitochondria.PINK1 knockout aggravated cartilage damage due to impaired mitophagy.SIRT3 directly deacetylated PINK1 to promote mitophagy and cartilage anabolism.Specifically,PINK1 phosphorylated PKM2 at the Ser127 site,preserving its active tetrameric form.This inhibited nuclear translocation and the interaction withβ-catenin,resulting in a metabolic shift and increased energy production.Finally,a double-knockout mouse model demonstrated the role of the SIRT3-PINK1-PKM2 axis in safeguarding the structural integrity of articular joints and improving motor functions.Overall,this study provides a novel insight into the regulation of mitochondrial renewal and metabolic switches in OA.
基金support from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Xiaomi Innovation Joint Fund(No.L233009)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Nos.62422409,62174152,and 62374159)from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020115).
文摘Memristors have a synapse-like two-terminal structure and electrical properties,which are widely used in the construc-tion of artificial synapses.However,compared to inorganic materials,organic materials are rarely used for artificial spiking synapses due to their relatively poor memrisitve performance.Here,for the first time,we present an organic memristor based on an electropolymerized dopamine-based memristive layer.This polydopamine-based memristor demonstrates the improve-ments in key performance,including a low threshold voltage of 0.3 V,a thin thickness of 16 nm,and a high parasitic capaci-tance of about 1μF·mm^(-2).By leveraging these properties in combination with its stable threshold switching behavior,we con-struct a capacitor-free and low-power artificial spiking neuron capable of outputting the oscillation voltage,whose spiking fre-quency increases with the increase of current stimulation analogous to a biological neuron.The experimental results indicate that our artificial spiking neuron holds potential for applications in neuromorphic computing and systems.
基金Supported by Wuxi Taihu Talent Project,No.WXTTP 2021the General Scientific Research Program of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission,No.M202447.
文摘BACKGROUND Research has consistently demonstrated that patients with major depressive disorder(MDD)exhibit attentional switching dysfunction,and the dual-task paradigm has emerged as a valuable tool for probing cognitive deficits.However,the neuroelectrophysiological mechanism underlying this deficit has not been clarified.AIM To investigate the event-related potential(ERP)characteristics of attentional switching dysfunction and further explore the neuroelectrophysiological mechanism of the cognitive processing deficits underlying attentional switching dysfunction in MDD.METHODS The participants included 29 MDD patients and 29 healthy controls(HCs).The ERPs of the participants were measured while they performed the dual-task para digm.The behavioral and ERP N100,P200,P300,and late positive potential(LPP)data were analyzed.RESULTS This study revealed greater accuracy in HCs and slower reaction times(RTs)in MDD patients.Angry facial pictures led to lower accuracy.The results also revealed shorter RTs for happy facial pictures and the longest RTs for the 500-ms stimulus onset asynchrony.With respect to ERP characteristics,happy facial pictures and neutral facial pictures evoked higher amplitudes.The N100,P200,P300,and LPP amplitudes at Pz were the highest.MDD patients had lower P200 mean amplitudes and LPP amplitudes than HCs did.CONCLUSION In conclusion,MDD patients exhibited abnormal ERP characteristics evoked by the dual-task paradigm,which could be the neural correlates of the known abnormalities in attentional switching in patients with MDD.These results provide valuable insights into the understanding of the neural mechanisms of attentional switching function and may guide targeted interventions in patients with MDD.
基金supported in part by the Universitat Politècnica de València under grant PAID-10-21supported through AMRITA Seed Grant(Proposal ID:ASG2022188)。
文摘Switched Reluctance Motors(SRMs),outfitted with rugged construction,good speed range,high torque density,and rare earth-free nature that outweigh induction motors(IM)and permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM),afford a broad range of applications in the domain of electric vehicles(EVs).Standard copper magnetic wire and low-carbon steel laminations are used to construct SRMs,which give them high efficiency in the range of 85-95%.Despite SRM's desirable features over traditional motor-speed drives,high torque ripples and radial distortions constrain their deployment in EVs.Precise rotor position is imperative for effective management of the speed and torque of SRMs.This paper provides an illustrative compendium on review of the torque-speed control and ripple mitigation techniques using design enhancements and control methods for SRM drives for EV applications.The various schemes were evaluated on their performance metricsoperational speed range,control complexity,practical realization,need for pre-stored parameters(look-up tables of current,inductance and torque profiles)and motor controller memory requirements.The findings provide valuable insights into balancing the gains and trade-offs associated with EV applications.Furthermore,they pinpoint opportunities for enhancement by analyzing the cost and technical aspects of different SRM controllers.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62431006)the Inner Mongolia Major Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2020ZD0024)+2 种基金Local Science and Technology Development Project of the Central Government(Grant Nos.2021ZY0006,2022ZY0011)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(Grant No.2024LHMS05046)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Research and Technological Achievements Transformation Plan Project(Grant No.2023YFHH0063).
文摘Existing nanogenerator technologies for harvesting high-power energy from wind encounter significant chal-lenges due to limitations in current output.Here,we propose a rotating-switch triboelectric nanogenerator(RS-TENG)that uses mechanical triggering switches(on-off-on)to enhance the instantaneous current pulses during rotation.The rotating-switch in the proposed device addresses the issue of low instantaneous current output in triboelectric nanogenerators while maintaining voltage stability.At a constant rotational speed,the RS-TENG achieves an instantaneous current of 3.2 times that of its nonswitching counterpart,with an 89%reduction in response time.Furthermore,at a wind speed of 2 m·s^(-1),the RS-TENG achieves a wind power density of 10.4 mW·m^(-2)·m^(-1)·s.Additionally,by integrating the RS-TENG with energy management circuits,the nanogenerator can power wireless signal transmitters and temperature sensors,offering a self-sustaining power solution for remote wireless services.This research presents a promising technology for powering electronic devices in energy-scarce environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation under Grant 62273189the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation under Grant ZR2021MF005Systems Science Plus Joint Research Program of Qingdao University under Grant XT2024201 of China supporting this research work.
文摘This article investigates the anti-disturbance and stabilization problems for the nonlinear uncertain permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)with stator voltage saturation and unknown load.A smooth switching mechanism is presented to structure the adaptive integral terminal sliding mode control(SMC)strategy.The control design consists of compensation control and nominal control,which improves the rapidity and accuracy of trajectory tracking.The smooth saturation model based on the error function is applied to approximate the voltage saturation phenomenon.Additionally,to deal with the adverse effects of various unknown disturbances,including model parameter uncertainties and unknown external load disturbances,an improved disturbance observer(DO)is proposed.This observer effectively suppresses the fluctuations caused by fixed gain during the starting period of the system.Finally,the experimental results under different conditions show that the proposed strategy has good tracking and disturbance suppression performances.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Korean Government(grant No.RS-2023-00208801).
文摘As artificial intelligence and big data become increasingly prevalent, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) has become one of the most promising alternatives for storing massive amounts of data. In this study, we employed high-quality crystalline TiN/Al_(2)O_(3)/BaTiO_(3)/Pt RRAM with an optimized thin Al_(2)O_(3) interlayer around 12 nm thick prepared using atomic layer deposition since the thickness of the interlayer affects the memory window size. After insertion of the Al_(2)O_(3) interlayer, the novel RRAM exhibited outstanding uniform resistive switching voltage and the ON/OFF memory window drastically increased from 10 to 103 without any discernible decline in performance. Moreover, the low-resistance state and high-resistance state operating current values decreased by almost one order and three orders of magnitude, respectively, thereby decreasing the power consumption for the RESET and SET processes by more than three and almost one order of magnitude, respectively. The device also exhibits multilevel resistive switching behavior when varying the applied voltage. Finally, we also developed a 6 6 crossbar array which demonstrated consistent and reliable resistive switching behavior with minimal variation. Hence, our approach holds great promise for producing state-of-the-art non-volatile resistive switching devices.
基金received funding from the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX23_1633)2023 University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202311463009Z)+1 种基金Changzhou Science and Technology Support Project(CE20235045)Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Power Transmission&Distribution Equipment Technology(2021JSSPD12).
文摘Uneven power distribution,transient voltage,and frequency deviations are observed in the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter during the switching between grid-connected and island modes.In response to these issues,this paper proposes a grid-connected/island switching control strategy for photovoltaic storage hybrid inverters based on the modified chimpanzee optimization algorithm.The proposed strategy incorporates coupling compensation and power differentiation elements based on the traditional droop control.Then,it combines the angular frequency and voltage amplitude adjustments provided by the phase-locked loop-free pre-synchronization control strategy.Precise pre-synchronization is achieved by regulating the virtual current to zero and aligning the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter with the grid voltage.Additionally,two novel operators,learning and emotional behaviors are introduced to enhance the optimization precision of the chimpanzee algorithm.These operators ensure high-precision and high-reliability optimization of the droop control parameters for photovoltaic storage hybrid inverters.A Simulink model was constructed for simulation analysis,which validated the optimized control strategy’s ability to evenly distribute power under load transients.This strategy effectively mitigated transient voltage and current surges during mode transitions.Consequently,seamless and efficient switching between gridconnected and island modes was achieved for the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter.The enhanced energy utilization efficiency,in turn,offers robust technical support for grid stability.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62322311,62303162,62233007,62203157)the Technology Development Program of Henan Province(242102211052).
文摘Dear Editor,In this letter,several novel controllability results for a class of linear switched and impulsive systems are established.Different from the developed controllability conditions in most existing literature,the important role of switched and impulsive time sequence is considered.Applying the relevant geometric theory of matrix,a necessary and sufficient criterion for the controllability is firstly developed to judge when the controllability of such systems is affected by switched and impulsive time sequence.Furthermore,we further obtain a sufficient controllability condition that can be used to verify the controllability of such systems regardless of the switched and impulsive time sequence.Finally,a numerical example is given to verify the obtained theoretical results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61833005)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter studies finite-time stability (FTS) of impulsive and switched hybrid systems with delay-dependent impulses. Some conditions, based on Lyapunov method, are proposed for ensuring FTS and estimating settling-time function (STF) of the hybrid systems.When switching dynamics are FTS and impulsive dynamics involve destabilizing delay-dependent impulses, the FTS is retained if the impulses occur infrequently.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22222502,22405114)the Research Team Program of Gannan Normal University.
文摘Stimuli-responsive materials offer significant potential for high-security encryption,smart sensors,and optoelectronic switching due to their reversible state transitions triggered by external stimuli(temperature,light,or electric fields).Combining quasi-spherical molecular design with chiral engineering,we designed enantiomeric organic amine-borane adduct crystals exhibiting multi-channel switching behavior at room temperature.The strategic introduction of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and chirality in engineered R/S-HQNB crystals successfully enables room-temperature structural phase transitions.This transition is coupled with pronounced onoff switching in dielectric,SHG,and SHG-CD responses,demonstrating practical application potential through ambient-temperature operation,which is rarely documented in pure small molecule organic crystals.This advance establishes a pathway for functional organic materials design and enables chiral optical applications with integrated stimuli-responsive capabilities.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273255,62350003,62088101)the Shanghai Science and Technology Cooperation Project(22510712000,21550760900)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2021SHZDZX0100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the problem of time-varying formation tracking for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs) under directed switching networks. For this purpose, our first step is to present some sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of a particular category of switched systems.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62222310,61973131,62473379)the National Key Research and Develepment Program of China(2024YFB3310701)+1 种基金the Research Fund for the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province of China,the Major Basic Research of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024ZD38,ZR2022ZD34)the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(21K04129).
文摘Switched linear parameter varying(LPV)systems have,in recent years,inspired a great number of research endeavors owing to their excellent ability to approximate nonlinear systems and handle complex hybrid dynamics in system analysis and synthesis.Nevertheless,numerous difficulties and challenges are also encountered due to the reciprocal effects of switching signals and scheduling parameters in the analysis and synthesis of switched LPV systems.In this paper,the standard description and specific characteristics of switched LPV systems are first introduced.Then,the main methodologies are proposed in the literature to cope with stability and performance analysis,control synthesis,as well as fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control issues,and the typical applications in various fields are surveyed.Finally,several key open problems and current research activities are also discussed to elucidate the potential research directions in the future.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51503158)Key R&D Program of Hubei Province (No.2023BAB104)Open Project Program of High-Tech Organic Fibers Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(No.PLN2024-08)
文摘The phenomena of thermal runaway and accidental deformation due to external stresses in lithium batteries or film capacitors consti-tute their primary failure mechanisms.Therefore,monitoring and early warning of overheating or localized strain are of great value for the safe use of lithium batteries or film capacitors;however,this function usually requires a system of multiple complex sensors.The realization of the above multiple hazards using a single sensor for monitoring and alarm functions has not been reported.Here,we exploit the thermally induced conductivity and modulus change during solid-liquid conversion of low melting point polyalloys to modulate the electronic relaxation polariza-tion and interfacial polarization in the composites for dielectric switching,and the reduction of alloy particle spacing during bending/compres-sive strain can be used to generate switchable tunneling effects for insulator-conductor transition.By synergizing dielectric switching and insula-tor-conductor transition,the final flexible thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer/low-melting-point polyalloy composite film achieves the func-tional integration of multi-level overheating warning and small deformation monitoring.
