A study was conducted during the 2016 rainy season at Jega Teaching and Research farm of Kebbi State University of Science and Technology to investigate the effect of sowing methods on the growth parameters,herbage an...A study was conducted during the 2016 rainy season at Jega Teaching and Research farm of Kebbi State University of Science and Technology to investigate the effect of sowing methods on the growth parameters,herbage and dry matter(DM)yield of Switch grass(Panicum vargatum)in the semi-arid zone of Nigeria.Treatment consisted of three sowing methods(broadcasting,dibbling and drilling)which were laid out in randomized complete block design(RCBD)replicated three times among three blocks.Each plot in each block was measuring,2 m×1 m.Seeds of Switch grass were sown manually at the rate of 5.6 kg/ha for all the treatments and NPK fertilizer was applied across the treatments at the rate of 100 kg/ha.The experiment lasted for 12 weeks during which the growth parameters and plant establishment counts were measured while fresh herbage and DM were determined after harvesting at the end of the period.The sowing methods had significant effect(p<0.05)on the growth parameters and herbage yield.The highest plant height(116.52 cm),leaf width(0.98 cm),leaf length(43.10 cm)and leaf number(9.37)was recorded for dibbling sowing method.Also,the highest fresh herbage(13.70 t/ha)and DM yield(2.33 t/ha)were recorded for dibbling sowing method.However,the mean establishment counts were not significantly(p>0.05)affected by the sowing methods.The results suggested that Switch grass can be successfully established in Sudan savanna zone by dibbling sowing methods for good growth performance,herbage and DM yield.展开更多
Switch grass was developed as a pioneer energy crop in USA with great industrial prospect.It contains about 60%sugars and 18%lignin.The purpose of this research is to find pretreatment process to fractionate cellulose...Switch grass was developed as a pioneer energy crop in USA with great industrial prospect.It contains about 60%sugars and 18%lignin.The purpose of this research is to find pretreatment process to fractionate cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin from switch grass to obtain much more useful chemicals and enhance the residue solid to be hydrolyzed by enzymes.The six different pretreatment methods were studied,such as hot water pretreatment(HWP)alone,dilute acid pretreatment(DAP),ammonia pretreatment(AP),lime pretreatment(LP),organosolv water/ehanol pretreatment(OWEP),and organosolv water/acetone pretreatment(OWAP).It was the best method combining DAP with OWEP because the hemicellulose sugars were recovered in the first residual liquid while a varied amount of cellulose was retained in the residual solid and the lignin fraction was obtained by simply adjusting the pH from the second liquid.The result shows the optimal two-stage process consisted of the first stage DAP at 428 K for 7 min with 0.8%sulfuric acid,resulting in 79.82%glucose recovery yield and 98.74%xylose removal and the second stage OWEP at 468K for 20 min in 45%(v/v)ethanol with 0.4%NaOH,resulting in 62%total glucose yield 99%xylose and 80%lignin removal.After enzymatic hydrolysis,the glucose yield was up to 92.6%,compared with 16%yield from untreated switch grass.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)highlighted the differences in switch grass structure from the various pretreatment methods during biomass fractionation.展开更多
文摘A study was conducted during the 2016 rainy season at Jega Teaching and Research farm of Kebbi State University of Science and Technology to investigate the effect of sowing methods on the growth parameters,herbage and dry matter(DM)yield of Switch grass(Panicum vargatum)in the semi-arid zone of Nigeria.Treatment consisted of three sowing methods(broadcasting,dibbling and drilling)which were laid out in randomized complete block design(RCBD)replicated three times among three blocks.Each plot in each block was measuring,2 m×1 m.Seeds of Switch grass were sown manually at the rate of 5.6 kg/ha for all the treatments and NPK fertilizer was applied across the treatments at the rate of 100 kg/ha.The experiment lasted for 12 weeks during which the growth parameters and plant establishment counts were measured while fresh herbage and DM were determined after harvesting at the end of the period.The sowing methods had significant effect(p<0.05)on the growth parameters and herbage yield.The highest plant height(116.52 cm),leaf width(0.98 cm),leaf length(43.10 cm)and leaf number(9.37)was recorded for dibbling sowing method.Also,the highest fresh herbage(13.70 t/ha)and DM yield(2.33 t/ha)were recorded for dibbling sowing method.However,the mean establishment counts were not significantly(p>0.05)affected by the sowing methods.The results suggested that Switch grass can be successfully established in Sudan savanna zone by dibbling sowing methods for good growth performance,herbage and DM yield.
基金Acknowledgments This research was supported by Hubei Provincal Department of Education(No.CXY2009B2008)Angel Yeast Co.Ltd(SDH200800230)+1 种基金the Science Foundation of Yichang City(No.A2007103-1)the Alan G.MacDiarmid Institute of Renewable Energy,Yichang,China and the USDA Western Regional Research Center(WRRC).
文摘Switch grass was developed as a pioneer energy crop in USA with great industrial prospect.It contains about 60%sugars and 18%lignin.The purpose of this research is to find pretreatment process to fractionate cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin from switch grass to obtain much more useful chemicals and enhance the residue solid to be hydrolyzed by enzymes.The six different pretreatment methods were studied,such as hot water pretreatment(HWP)alone,dilute acid pretreatment(DAP),ammonia pretreatment(AP),lime pretreatment(LP),organosolv water/ehanol pretreatment(OWEP),and organosolv water/acetone pretreatment(OWAP).It was the best method combining DAP with OWEP because the hemicellulose sugars were recovered in the first residual liquid while a varied amount of cellulose was retained in the residual solid and the lignin fraction was obtained by simply adjusting the pH from the second liquid.The result shows the optimal two-stage process consisted of the first stage DAP at 428 K for 7 min with 0.8%sulfuric acid,resulting in 79.82%glucose recovery yield and 98.74%xylose removal and the second stage OWEP at 468K for 20 min in 45%(v/v)ethanol with 0.4%NaOH,resulting in 62%total glucose yield 99%xylose and 80%lignin removal.After enzymatic hydrolysis,the glucose yield was up to 92.6%,compared with 16%yield from untreated switch grass.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)highlighted the differences in switch grass structure from the various pretreatment methods during biomass fractionation.
