With the rapid expansion of offshore wind farms(OWFs)in remote regions,the study of highly reliable electrical collector systems(ECSs)has become increasingly important.Post-fault network recovery is considered as an e...With the rapid expansion of offshore wind farms(OWFs)in remote regions,the study of highly reliable electrical collector systems(ECSs)has become increasingly important.Post-fault network recovery is considered as an effective mea-sure of reliability enhancement.In this paper,we propose a smart switch configuration that facilitates network recovery,making it well-suited for ECSs operating in harsh environ-ments.To accommodate the increased complexity of ECSs,a novel reliability assessment(RA)method considering detailed switch configuration is devised.This method effectively identi-fies the minimum outage propagation areas and incorporates post-fault network recovery strategies.The optimal normal op-erating state and network reconfiguration strategies that maxi-mize ECS reliability can be obtained after optimization.Case studies on real-life OwFs validate the effectiveness and superi-ority of the proposed RA method compared with the traditional sequential Monte-Carlo simulation method.Moreover,numeri-cal tests demonstrate that the proposed switch configuration,in conjunction with proper topology and network recovery,achieves the highest benefits across a wide range of operating conditions.展开更多
Molecular photoswitches hold an important position in chemical research,and it is of significance to develop novel structures and mechanisms.Herein we report a new type of E/Z photoswitches in tellurazole/tellurazoliu...Molecular photoswitches hold an important position in chemical research,and it is of significance to develop novel structures and mechanisms.Herein we report a new type of E/Z photoswitches in tellurazole/tellurazolium-based olefin scaffolds,wherein intramolecular through-space n→π^(*)orbital interaction plays a stabilizing role in the Z isomer approaching quantitative conversion.The manipulation of diverse noncovalent interactions,including intermolecular chalcogen bonding,further provided versatile handles for regulating molecular recognition and multiaddressable switching.Despite bidirectional E/Z photoisomerization with neutral tellurazole derivatives,protonation-induced cationic tellurazoliums allowed significant enhancement in the efficiency of Z→E switching(E up to 73%)while maintaining high percentage E→Z switching(Z up to 95%),as chalcogen bonding with counteranions contributes to the stabilization of electron-accepting tellurazoliums affording a larger wavelength difference between E/Z isomers.Furthermore,the n→π^(*)orbital interaction enables the preference of Z isomer in the ground state for N-methyl tellurazoliums.Bidirectional E/Z photoswitching with high conversion(Z up to 99%,E up to 81%)was attained,and E→Z isomerization can also be invoked by nucleophilic catalysis,making N-methyl tellurazoliums as T-type photoswitches.The results showcase the power of noncovalent interactions for controlling molecular photoswitches and should set the scene for vip recognition,dynamic assemblies,and responsive materials.展开更多
For the case that two pursuers intercept an evasive target,the cooperative strategies and state estimation methods taken by pursuers can seriously affect the guidance accuracy for the target,which performs a bang For ...For the case that two pursuers intercept an evasive target,the cooperative strategies and state estimation methods taken by pursuers can seriously affect the guidance accuracy for the target,which performs a bang For the case that two pursuers intercept an evasive target,the cooperative strategies and state estimation methods taken by pursuers can seriously affect the guidance accuracy for the target,which performs a bang-bang evasive maneuver with a random switching time.Combined Fast multiple model adaptive estimation(Fast MMAE)algorithm,the cooperative guidance law takes detection configuration affecting the accuracy of interception into consideration.Introduced the detection error model related to the line-of-sight(LOS)separation angle of two interceptors,an optimal cooperative guidance law solving the optimization problem is designed to modulate the LOS separation angle to reduce the estimation error and improve the interception performance.Due to the uncertainty of the target bang-bang maneuver switching time and the effective fitting of its multi-modal motion,Fast MMAE is introduced to identify its maneuver switching time and estimate the acceleration of the target to track and intercept the target accurately.The designed cooperative optimal guidance law with Fast MMAE has better estimation ability and interception performance than the traditional guidance law and estimation method via Monte Carlo simulation.展开更多
基金This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52007123)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation for Offshore Wind(No.2022A1515240019).
文摘With the rapid expansion of offshore wind farms(OWFs)in remote regions,the study of highly reliable electrical collector systems(ECSs)has become increasingly important.Post-fault network recovery is considered as an effective mea-sure of reliability enhancement.In this paper,we propose a smart switch configuration that facilitates network recovery,making it well-suited for ECSs operating in harsh environ-ments.To accommodate the increased complexity of ECSs,a novel reliability assessment(RA)method considering detailed switch configuration is devised.This method effectively identi-fies the minimum outage propagation areas and incorporates post-fault network recovery strategies.The optimal normal op-erating state and network reconfiguration strategies that maxi-mize ECS reliability can be obtained after optimization.Case studies on real-life OwFs validate the effectiveness and superi-ority of the proposed RA method compared with the traditional sequential Monte-Carlo simulation method.Moreover,numeri-cal tests demonstrate that the proposed switch configuration,in conjunction with proper topology and network recovery,achieves the highest benefits across a wide range of operating conditions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.92156010,22071247,22101283,and 22101284)the Strategic Priority Research Program(grant no.XDB20000000)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(grant no.QYZDB-SSW-SLH030)of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(grant nos.2020J06035 and 2022J05085)Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(grant no.2021ZR112)for support.
文摘Molecular photoswitches hold an important position in chemical research,and it is of significance to develop novel structures and mechanisms.Herein we report a new type of E/Z photoswitches in tellurazole/tellurazolium-based olefin scaffolds,wherein intramolecular through-space n→π^(*)orbital interaction plays a stabilizing role in the Z isomer approaching quantitative conversion.The manipulation of diverse noncovalent interactions,including intermolecular chalcogen bonding,further provided versatile handles for regulating molecular recognition and multiaddressable switching.Despite bidirectional E/Z photoisomerization with neutral tellurazole derivatives,protonation-induced cationic tellurazoliums allowed significant enhancement in the efficiency of Z→E switching(E up to 73%)while maintaining high percentage E→Z switching(Z up to 95%),as chalcogen bonding with counteranions contributes to the stabilization of electron-accepting tellurazoliums affording a larger wavelength difference between E/Z isomers.Furthermore,the n→π^(*)orbital interaction enables the preference of Z isomer in the ground state for N-methyl tellurazoliums.Bidirectional E/Z photoswitching with high conversion(Z up to 99%,E up to 81%)was attained,and E→Z isomerization can also be invoked by nucleophilic catalysis,making N-methyl tellurazoliums as T-type photoswitches.The results showcase the power of noncovalent interactions for controlling molecular photoswitches and should set the scene for vip recognition,dynamic assemblies,and responsive materials.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(NNSF)of China under grant no.61673386,62073335the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M613201,2019T120944).
文摘For the case that two pursuers intercept an evasive target,the cooperative strategies and state estimation methods taken by pursuers can seriously affect the guidance accuracy for the target,which performs a bang For the case that two pursuers intercept an evasive target,the cooperative strategies and state estimation methods taken by pursuers can seriously affect the guidance accuracy for the target,which performs a bang-bang evasive maneuver with a random switching time.Combined Fast multiple model adaptive estimation(Fast MMAE)algorithm,the cooperative guidance law takes detection configuration affecting the accuracy of interception into consideration.Introduced the detection error model related to the line-of-sight(LOS)separation angle of two interceptors,an optimal cooperative guidance law solving the optimization problem is designed to modulate the LOS separation angle to reduce the estimation error and improve the interception performance.Due to the uncertainty of the target bang-bang maneuver switching time and the effective fitting of its multi-modal motion,Fast MMAE is introduced to identify its maneuver switching time and estimate the acceleration of the target to track and intercept the target accurately.The designed cooperative optimal guidance law with Fast MMAE has better estimation ability and interception performance than the traditional guidance law and estimation method via Monte Carlo simulation.
