The extensive utilization of the low-energy dipeptide sweetener aspartame in foods leads to various studies on searching for new sweeteners in series. However, the real mechanistic cause of their sweetness power is st...The extensive utilization of the low-energy dipeptide sweetener aspartame in foods leads to various studies on searching for new sweeteners in series. However, the real mechanistic cause of their sweetness power is still not completely known owing to their complex interactions with human sweet receptor, which may be different from that of other sweeteners to some extent. In this contribution, predictive quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR) models have been developed for diverse aspartame analogues using Materials Studio 5.0 software. The optimal QSPR model(r2 = 0.913, r2 CV = 0.881 and r2 pred = 0.730) constructed by the genetic function approximation method has been validated by the tests of cross validation, randomization, external prediction and other statistical criteria, which shows that their sweetness power is mainly governed by their electrotopological-state indices(SssCH and SsNH), spatial descriptors(Shadow length: LX, ellipsoidal volume and Connolly surface occupied volume) and topological descriptors(Chi(3): cluster and Chi(0)(valence modified)), which partially supports both multipoint attachment theory proposed by Nofre and Tinti et al. and B-X theory proposed by Kier et al.. Present exploited results provide the key structural features for the sweetness power of aspartame analogues, supplement the mechanistic understanding of the sweet perception, and would be also helpful for the design of potent sweetener analogs prior to their synthesis.展开更多
Quantum chemical parameters of 10 amino acids with D- and L-configurations were firstly calculated with semi-empirical AM1 method. Furthermore, the relationship between molecular structures of D-, L-amino acids and t...Quantum chemical parameters of 10 amino acids with D- and L-configurations were firstly calculated with semi-empirical AM1 method. Furthermore, the relationship between molecular structures of D-, L-amino acids and their sweetness were observed. The results show that upon different configurations of amino acids, the sweetness is relative with their formation heat, dipole moment, energy gap of frontier orbital and other parameters. The formation heats of the same amino acids possessing D- and L-configurations are different except glycine. The algebraic value of D-amino acid is generally larger than that of corresponding L-configuration with only one except of tyrosine. The dipole moment of D-amino acid is generally larger than that of corresponding L-amino acid except tyrosine and lysine. The lowest unoccupied orbital energy （ELUMO） of D-amino acid is higher than that of corresponding L-configuration except phenylalanine. △E of D-amino acid is larger than that of L-amino acid except histidine, phenylalanine and lysine. The larger gap will have advantage for its matching with frontier orbital energy of human protein acceptor, which strengthens the interaction between D-amino acid and sweet taste acceptor. Besides, the changing rules of these parameters are generally identical.展开更多
The goals of this study were to examine, using the temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) method, the effects of 1) the sucrose concentration on the temporal sequence of sweetness perception in four fruit-flavored (le...The goals of this study were to examine, using the temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) method, the effects of 1) the sucrose concentration on the temporal sequence of sweetness perception in four fruit-flavored (lemon, peach, strawberry, and vanilla) teas with 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25 M sucrose;and 2) participants’ sex on this temporal sequence. Twenty-four healthy young adults were assigned to female (n = 12) and male (n = 12) groups. Both groups evaluated five sensory attributes in 12 samples (four fruit-flavored teas, each with three sucrose concentrations). As in our preceding study [1], two sensations, sweetness and fruitiness, were dominant after ingesting the 12 teas in both groups, but the temporal sequence of sweetness perception differed between the two groups. On average, the male group reported the first appearance of sweetness earlier in the samples with 0.05 M sucrose compared with the female group, with the samples containing 0.15 and 0.25 M sucrose. The average durations of the sweetness sensation were different between the male and female groups as well as among the sucrose concentrations and the four flavors tested.展开更多
The protein glycosidase APM is a seet agent produced from amino acid necessary to the body. With a sweetness 200 times more than that of the refined sugar, this product has been confirmed as an A (1) Class low heat, h...The protein glycosidase APM is a seet agent produced from amino acid necessary to the body. With a sweetness 200 times more than that of the refined sugar, this product has been confirmed as an A (1) Class low heat, high sweetness agent by specialists of JECFA of the United Nations. A series of toxicology tests undertaken by the United States, China and Japan as well as many other international institutions over past decades, have proven the展开更多
Starch and sugar properties and sweetness of storage root(SR)are vital to the economic value of sweet potato.To clarify the factors determining these properties of raw sweet potato,eleven varieties with different SR p...Starch and sugar properties and sweetness of storage root(SR)are vital to the economic value of sweet potato.To clarify the factors determining these properties of raw sweet potato,eleven varieties with different SR properties were selected to investigate the changes of starch and sugar-related traits,brix and amylase activities during the growth and development of SRs,and the correlation among these SR properties and the amylase activities were analyzed.Fiveβ-amylase genes expressed in SRs were cloned,and their expression and characteristics were analyzed to reveal the involvement of amylase in these SR properties.The results showed total sugar,soluble sugar,reducing sugar content and brix varied greatly among different varieties and development periods,β-amylase activities were much higher than that ofα-amylase in SRs,dynamically changed during the devel-opment of SRs,and decreased at the late stage of SR expansion.The expression of threeβ-amylase encoding genes were positively correlated with the total sugar content,and might play vital roles in starch and sugar metabolism in SRs.The brix of raw SRs was significantly correlated with total starch,amylose,amylopectin,total sugar content and reducing sugar content,but had no significant relationship with soluble sugar content andβ-amylase activity.These results indicated that the brix of SR was determined by both starch and sugar components,and multipleβ-amylases function together in starch and sugar metabolism in developing SRs.These findings provide important information for the improvement of sweetness and the quality of processed products in sweet potato.展开更多
Between the rugged cliffs where the Yarkant River carves through the Taklimakan Desert,a 164.8-meter-tall colossus stands guard-the huge dam of the Altash Water Conservancy Project,the largest water conservancy projec...Between the rugged cliffs where the Yarkant River carves through the Taklimakan Desert,a 164.8-meter-tall colossus stands guard-the huge dam of the Altash Water Conservancy Project,the largest water conservancy project in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.展开更多
Chinese New Year is a time of vibrant energy and delightful surprises.Streets across China glow with red and gold decorations,while the air carries the scent of freshly steamed pastries and a wide variety of sweet tre...Chinese New Year is a time of vibrant energy and delightful surprises.Streets across China glow with red and gold decorations,while the air carries the scent of freshly steamed pastries and a wide variety of sweet treats.As the Year of the Horse gallops in,it brings a surge of vitality to the communities.Beyond fireworks,decorations,and dragon dances.展开更多
Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approa...Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approaches or focused on a limited range of metabolites,leaving the regulatory mechanisms and dynamic metabolism of anthocyanins during ripening inadequately characterized.This study integrated anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify key anthocyanins in sweet cherry and construct a transcriptional regulatory network for anthocyanin biosynthesis.A novel bHLH transcription factor,Prunus avium bHLH transcription factor 102(PavbHLH102),was identified,and its role in regulating cyanidin levels was validated through overexpression and silencing experiments.Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that PavbHLH102 activates key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,including PavF3H,PavDFR,and PavUFGT,thereby enhancing fruit coloration.Notably,PavF3′H upregulation significantly increased cyanidin accumulation.This study provides new insights into anthocyanin regulation in sweet cherry and offers valuable resources for improving fruit quality.展开更多
Among the low-cost nitrogen sources(dry spent yeast or DSY,rice bran,and soybean meal),DSY was identified as the most suitable supplement for lactic acid fermentation from sweet sorghum juice by Lactococcus lactis IO-...Among the low-cost nitrogen sources(dry spent yeast or DSY,rice bran,and soybean meal),DSY was identified as the most suitable supplement for lactic acid fermentation from sweet sorghum juice by Lactococcus lactis IO-1.However,lactic acid concentration(PL)using DSY was~22%lower than the control nitrogen source,yeast extract(YE).Statistical analysis using YE as a control nitrogen source revealed optimal conditions of 74.70 g/L of initial sugar and 15.20 g/L of YE,achieving a PL of 71.95 g/L and a 91.63%sugar consumption(SC).When DSY(22.61 g/L)containing an equivalent nitrogen content to the optimal YE was tested,PL and SC decreased to 55.13 g/L and 72.33%,respectively.Increasing DSY to 33.92 g/L(1.5 times)improved lactic acid productivity(QL)by~31%but did not enhance PL or SC.However,supplementing 33.92 g/L of DSY with 7.60 g/L of YE enhanced lactic acid production by~19-53%,achieving a PL of 70.11 g/L,SC of 92.33%,QL of 2.34 g/L⋅h,with a high lactic acid yield(YL/S),1.02 g/g.Scale-up fermentation in a 7.5-L fermenter demonstrated comparable results to those using 15.20 g/L of YE alone.These findings demonstrate that sweet sorghum juice supplemented with DSY and reduced YE is a promising medium for efficient lactic acid production,offering significant cost reduction potential for industrial applications while maintaining high productivity and yield.展开更多
Tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)is a cold-sensitive leaf-harvesting crop whose growth,yield,and processed tea quality are all inhibited by low temperatures.Therefore,identifying the regulatory genes involved i...Tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)is a cold-sensitive leaf-harvesting crop whose growth,yield,and processed tea quality are all inhibited by low temperatures.Therefore,identifying the regulatory genes involved in tea plant growth and freezing tolerance is crucial for genetic improvement.WRKY transcription factors regulate various plant processes,including growth and development,stress responses,and metabolite biosynthesis.However,the molecular network through which WRKY coordinates these pathways in tea plants remains unclear.In this study,we revealed that CsWRKY57L,a cold-inducible WRKY IIc subfamily member,positively regulated freezing tolerance by directly promoting flavonoid accumulation in tea plants.Transient suppression of CsWRKY57L weakened the freezing tolerance of tea plants by reducing flavonoid content and suppressing the C-repeat-binding factor(CBF)-cold-responsive(COR)gene pathway.In contrast,heterologous overexpression of CsWRKY57L in Arabidopsis had the opposite effect.Additionally,overexpression of CsWRKY57L inhibited reproductive development and accelerated senescence in Arabidopsis.Interaction analysis revealed that CsWRKY57L directly binds to the promoters of CsSWEET1a,CsSWEET15,and AtSWEET15,which encode sugar transporters essential for plant reproductive development,and inhibits their transcription.Overall,the study revealed a dual role of CsWRKY57L in promoting freezing tolerance via flavonoid biosynthesis and inhibiting reproductive development by regulating SWEETs expression.This study uncovers a novel mechanism whereby CsWRKY57L coordinately regulates both stress responses and growth in tea plants,providing a molecular basis for breeding low-temperature-tolerant varieties with restricted reproductive development.展开更多
China and Laos are close neighbors with a long-standing friendship.Since the early 2000s,China has supported Laos'economic and social development through wide-ranging cooperation projects,all guided by the vision ...China and Laos are close neighbors with a long-standing friendship.Since the early 2000s,China has supported Laos'economic and social development through wide-ranging cooperation projects,all guided by the vision of a community with a shared future.As this vision takes deeper root,many aid projects have moved from blueprint to reality,delivering tangible benefits across towns and villages and improving the lives of ordinary Lao people while further strengthening bilateral ties.展开更多
Lablab purpureus(L.)Sweet(L.purpureus)has been reported to alleviate diarrhea,although the precise mechanism remains unclear.This study identified the primary active components of L.purpureus utilizing ultraperformanc...Lablab purpureus(L.)Sweet(L.purpureus)has been reported to alleviate diarrhea,although the precise mechanism remains unclear.This study identified the primary active components of L.purpureus utilizing ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).A rhubarb-induced diarrhea model in rats was utilized to assess the therapeutic efficacy of L.purpureus.Alterations in gut microbiota and fecal metabolism were analyzed via 16S r DNA analysis and targeted metabolomics.Flora elimination and fecal transplantation techniques were employed to deepen understanding of the role of intestinal flora in L.purpureus treatment.The study findings indicated that the main constituents of L.purpureus included trigonelline,piperidinic acid,and L-(–)-malic acid,among others.L.purpureus treatment significantly alleviated all diarrhea symptoms in rats,encompassing reduced fecal water content,weight loss,shortened colon length,diminished histological damage,and decreased inflammatory factors.Furthermore,L.purpureus significantly enhanced the expression of tight junction markers and restored the dysregulated intestinal flora in diarrheic rats by increasing Prevotella and reducing Lactobacillus.Additionally,the production of propionic acid and other short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)increased in diarrheic rats treated with L.purpureus,suggesting a substantial alteration in the intestinal environment.Crucially,the protective efficacy of L.purpureus diminishes in the absence of gut flora.Subsequent fecal transplantation tests demonstrated that feces from the L.purpureus-treated group alleviated rhubarb-induced diarrhea,emphasizing the pivotal role of gut microbiota in the antidiarrheal efficacy of L.purpureus.In conclusion,our findings elucidate the underlying mechanisms of L.purpureus'antidiarrheal action and its beneficial impact on intestinal microflora.Moreover,these results provide compelling evidence supporting the therapeutic use of L.purpureus for the treatment of diarrhea and its associated complications.展开更多
Maize(Zea mays L.)is recognized as one of the most significant cereal crops worldwide,serving as a primary source of human food,animal feed,and industrial raw materials.With increasing diversification of market demand...Maize(Zea mays L.)is recognized as one of the most significant cereal crops worldwide,serving as a primary source of human food,animal feed,and industrial raw materials.With increasing diversification of market demands for specialty maize varieties,distinctive fresh produce cultivars characterized by unique textures have gained considerable popularity among consumers(Boyer and Shannon 1984).Notably,sweet maize is often referred to as the‘King of fruits and vegetables'due to its richness in polysaccharides,dietary fiber,trace elements,vitamins,linoleic acid,and other essential nutrients(Revilla et al.2021).展开更多
Many people have bad habits,and they are not good for you.Bad habits can be staying up too late,eating too many sweets or biting your nails.Bad habits aren't easy to break,but you can do it!First,notice when you d...Many people have bad habits,and they are not good for you.Bad habits can be staying up too late,eating too many sweets or biting your nails.Bad habits aren't easy to break,but you can do it!First,notice when you do the habit.Then,try to do something else,such as chewing gum or reading a book.Ask a friend to help you stop.They can watch you and remind you.Do your best and don't stop trying.Changing little by little can make a difference!展开更多
An influx of small investors eager to earn money puts heavy pressure on fund managers Fund managers control millions in capital and call the shots in the stock market. They can make a fortune from a single judgment. T...An influx of small investors eager to earn money puts heavy pressure on fund managers Fund managers control millions in capital and call the shots in the stock market. They can make a fortune from a single judgment. The debut of fund management展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21673207)Special Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Public Scientific Research Institutes(No.562018Y-5983)Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition(No.2017SICR115,2017SICR101)
文摘The extensive utilization of the low-energy dipeptide sweetener aspartame in foods leads to various studies on searching for new sweeteners in series. However, the real mechanistic cause of their sweetness power is still not completely known owing to their complex interactions with human sweet receptor, which may be different from that of other sweeteners to some extent. In this contribution, predictive quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR) models have been developed for diverse aspartame analogues using Materials Studio 5.0 software. The optimal QSPR model(r2 = 0.913, r2 CV = 0.881 and r2 pred = 0.730) constructed by the genetic function approximation method has been validated by the tests of cross validation, randomization, external prediction and other statistical criteria, which shows that their sweetness power is mainly governed by their electrotopological-state indices(SssCH and SsNH), spatial descriptors(Shadow length: LX, ellipsoidal volume and Connolly surface occupied volume) and topological descriptors(Chi(3): cluster and Chi(0)(valence modified)), which partially supports both multipoint attachment theory proposed by Nofre and Tinti et al. and B-X theory proposed by Kier et al.. Present exploited results provide the key structural features for the sweetness power of aspartame analogues, supplement the mechanistic understanding of the sweet perception, and would be also helpful for the design of potent sweetener analogs prior to their synthesis.
文摘Quantum chemical parameters of 10 amino acids with D- and L-configurations were firstly calculated with semi-empirical AM1 method. Furthermore, the relationship between molecular structures of D-, L-amino acids and their sweetness were observed. The results show that upon different configurations of amino acids, the sweetness is relative with their formation heat, dipole moment, energy gap of frontier orbital and other parameters. The formation heats of the same amino acids possessing D- and L-configurations are different except glycine. The algebraic value of D-amino acid is generally larger than that of corresponding L-configuration with only one except of tyrosine. The dipole moment of D-amino acid is generally larger than that of corresponding L-amino acid except tyrosine and lysine. The lowest unoccupied orbital energy （ELUMO） of D-amino acid is higher than that of corresponding L-configuration except phenylalanine. △E of D-amino acid is larger than that of L-amino acid except histidine, phenylalanine and lysine. The larger gap will have advantage for its matching with frontier orbital energy of human protein acceptor, which strengthens the interaction between D-amino acid and sweet taste acceptor. Besides, the changing rules of these parameters are generally identical.
文摘The goals of this study were to examine, using the temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) method, the effects of 1) the sucrose concentration on the temporal sequence of sweetness perception in four fruit-flavored (lemon, peach, strawberry, and vanilla) teas with 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25 M sucrose;and 2) participants’ sex on this temporal sequence. Twenty-four healthy young adults were assigned to female (n = 12) and male (n = 12) groups. Both groups evaluated five sensory attributes in 12 samples (four fruit-flavored teas, each with three sucrose concentrations). As in our preceding study [1], two sensations, sweetness and fruitiness, were dominant after ingesting the 12 teas in both groups, but the temporal sequence of sweetness perception differed between the two groups. On average, the male group reported the first appearance of sweetness earlier in the samples with 0.05 M sucrose compared with the female group, with the samples containing 0.15 and 0.25 M sucrose. The average durations of the sweetness sensation were different between the male and female groups as well as among the sucrose concentrations and the four flavors tested.
文摘The protein glycosidase APM is a seet agent produced from amino acid necessary to the body. With a sweetness 200 times more than that of the refined sugar, this product has been confirmed as an A (1) Class low heat, high sweetness agent by specialists of JECFA of the United Nations. A series of toxicology tests undertaken by the United States, China and Japan as well as many other international institutions over past decades, have proven the
基金supported by special fund for youth team of the Southwest Universities(SWU-XJPY202306)the Technology Innovation and Application Development Key Project of Chongqing(cstc2021jscxgksbX0022)+1 种基金the special fund for Chongqing Beibei germplasm bank of tuber and root crops(ZWZZ2020005)the special funding from Chongqing modern agriculture industry technology system innovation team(CQMAITS202303-3).
文摘Starch and sugar properties and sweetness of storage root(SR)are vital to the economic value of sweet potato.To clarify the factors determining these properties of raw sweet potato,eleven varieties with different SR properties were selected to investigate the changes of starch and sugar-related traits,brix and amylase activities during the growth and development of SRs,and the correlation among these SR properties and the amylase activities were analyzed.Fiveβ-amylase genes expressed in SRs were cloned,and their expression and characteristics were analyzed to reveal the involvement of amylase in these SR properties.The results showed total sugar,soluble sugar,reducing sugar content and brix varied greatly among different varieties and development periods,β-amylase activities were much higher than that ofα-amylase in SRs,dynamically changed during the devel-opment of SRs,and decreased at the late stage of SR expansion.The expression of threeβ-amylase encoding genes were positively correlated with the total sugar content,and might play vital roles in starch and sugar metabolism in SRs.The brix of raw SRs was significantly correlated with total starch,amylose,amylopectin,total sugar content and reducing sugar content,but had no significant relationship with soluble sugar content andβ-amylase activity.These results indicated that the brix of SR was determined by both starch and sugar components,and multipleβ-amylases function together in starch and sugar metabolism in developing SRs.These findings provide important information for the improvement of sweetness and the quality of processed products in sweet potato.
文摘Between the rugged cliffs where the Yarkant River carves through the Taklimakan Desert,a 164.8-meter-tall colossus stands guard-the huge dam of the Altash Water Conservancy Project,the largest water conservancy project in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
文摘Chinese New Year is a time of vibrant energy and delightful surprises.Streets across China glow with red and gold decorations,while the air carries the scent of freshly steamed pastries and a wide variety of sweet treats.As the Year of the Horse gallops in,it brings a surge of vitality to the communities.Beyond fireworks,decorations,and dragon dances.
基金funding from the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(Grant Nos.2025ZNSFSC1100,2024NSFSC0324)the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2017YFC0505104)+2 种基金the Sichuan Agricultural University Dual Support Plan Special Project(Grant No.2024ZYTS020)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZB20250863)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2025M773740).
文摘Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approaches or focused on a limited range of metabolites,leaving the regulatory mechanisms and dynamic metabolism of anthocyanins during ripening inadequately characterized.This study integrated anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify key anthocyanins in sweet cherry and construct a transcriptional regulatory network for anthocyanin biosynthesis.A novel bHLH transcription factor,Prunus avium bHLH transcription factor 102(PavbHLH102),was identified,and its role in regulating cyanidin levels was validated through overexpression and silencing experiments.Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that PavbHLH102 activates key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,including PavF3H,PavDFR,and PavUFGT,thereby enhancing fruit coloration.Notably,PavF3′H upregulation significantly increased cyanidin accumulation.This study provides new insights into anthocyanin regulation in sweet cherry and offers valuable resources for improving fruit quality.
基金supported by Research Program Funding,from Research and Innovation Department,Khon Kaen University(RP68-6-FerVAAP-001),ThailandThe authors also thank Beer Thip Brewery Co.,Ltd.,Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya,Thailand for providing dried spent yeast(DSY).
文摘Among the low-cost nitrogen sources(dry spent yeast or DSY,rice bran,and soybean meal),DSY was identified as the most suitable supplement for lactic acid fermentation from sweet sorghum juice by Lactococcus lactis IO-1.However,lactic acid concentration(PL)using DSY was~22%lower than the control nitrogen source,yeast extract(YE).Statistical analysis using YE as a control nitrogen source revealed optimal conditions of 74.70 g/L of initial sugar and 15.20 g/L of YE,achieving a PL of 71.95 g/L and a 91.63%sugar consumption(SC).When DSY(22.61 g/L)containing an equivalent nitrogen content to the optimal YE was tested,PL and SC decreased to 55.13 g/L and 72.33%,respectively.Increasing DSY to 33.92 g/L(1.5 times)improved lactic acid productivity(QL)by~31%but did not enhance PL or SC.However,supplementing 33.92 g/L of DSY with 7.60 g/L of YE enhanced lactic acid production by~19-53%,achieving a PL of 70.11 g/L,SC of 92.33%,QL of 2.34 g/L⋅h,with a high lactic acid yield(YL/S),1.02 g/g.Scale-up fermentation in a 7.5-L fermenter demonstrated comparable results to those using 15.20 g/L of YE alone.These findings demonstrate that sweet sorghum juice supplemented with DSY and reduced YE is a promising medium for efficient lactic acid production,offering significant cost reduction potential for industrial applications while maintaining high productivity and yield.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072630,32372774,and U22A20499)the earmarked fund for CARS(Grant No.CARS-19-01A).
文摘Tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)is a cold-sensitive leaf-harvesting crop whose growth,yield,and processed tea quality are all inhibited by low temperatures.Therefore,identifying the regulatory genes involved in tea plant growth and freezing tolerance is crucial for genetic improvement.WRKY transcription factors regulate various plant processes,including growth and development,stress responses,and metabolite biosynthesis.However,the molecular network through which WRKY coordinates these pathways in tea plants remains unclear.In this study,we revealed that CsWRKY57L,a cold-inducible WRKY IIc subfamily member,positively regulated freezing tolerance by directly promoting flavonoid accumulation in tea plants.Transient suppression of CsWRKY57L weakened the freezing tolerance of tea plants by reducing flavonoid content and suppressing the C-repeat-binding factor(CBF)-cold-responsive(COR)gene pathway.In contrast,heterologous overexpression of CsWRKY57L in Arabidopsis had the opposite effect.Additionally,overexpression of CsWRKY57L inhibited reproductive development and accelerated senescence in Arabidopsis.Interaction analysis revealed that CsWRKY57L directly binds to the promoters of CsSWEET1a,CsSWEET15,and AtSWEET15,which encode sugar transporters essential for plant reproductive development,and inhibits their transcription.Overall,the study revealed a dual role of CsWRKY57L in promoting freezing tolerance via flavonoid biosynthesis and inhibiting reproductive development by regulating SWEETs expression.This study uncovers a novel mechanism whereby CsWRKY57L coordinately regulates both stress responses and growth in tea plants,providing a molecular basis for breeding low-temperature-tolerant varieties with restricted reproductive development.
基金supported by the Yunnan Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning Projectthe Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences。
文摘China and Laos are close neighbors with a long-standing friendship.Since the early 2000s,China has supported Laos'economic and social development through wide-ranging cooperation projects,all guided by the vision of a community with a shared future.As this vision takes deeper root,many aid projects have moved from blueprint to reality,delivering tangible benefits across towns and villages and improving the lives of ordinary Lao people while further strengthening bilateral ties.
基金financial support from the State Key Research and Development Plan,China(2022YFD1801105)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University(00109015).
文摘Lablab purpureus(L.)Sweet(L.purpureus)has been reported to alleviate diarrhea,although the precise mechanism remains unclear.This study identified the primary active components of L.purpureus utilizing ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).A rhubarb-induced diarrhea model in rats was utilized to assess the therapeutic efficacy of L.purpureus.Alterations in gut microbiota and fecal metabolism were analyzed via 16S r DNA analysis and targeted metabolomics.Flora elimination and fecal transplantation techniques were employed to deepen understanding of the role of intestinal flora in L.purpureus treatment.The study findings indicated that the main constituents of L.purpureus included trigonelline,piperidinic acid,and L-(–)-malic acid,among others.L.purpureus treatment significantly alleviated all diarrhea symptoms in rats,encompassing reduced fecal water content,weight loss,shortened colon length,diminished histological damage,and decreased inflammatory factors.Furthermore,L.purpureus significantly enhanced the expression of tight junction markers and restored the dysregulated intestinal flora in diarrheic rats by increasing Prevotella and reducing Lactobacillus.Additionally,the production of propionic acid and other short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)increased in diarrheic rats treated with L.purpureus,suggesting a substantial alteration in the intestinal environment.Crucially,the protective efficacy of L.purpureus diminishes in the absence of gut flora.Subsequent fecal transplantation tests demonstrated that feces from the L.purpureus-treated group alleviated rhubarb-induced diarrhea,emphasizing the pivotal role of gut microbiota in the antidiarrheal efficacy of L.purpureus.In conclusion,our findings elucidate the underlying mechanisms of L.purpureus'antidiarrheal action and its beneficial impact on intestinal microflora.Moreover,these results provide compelling evidence supporting the therapeutic use of L.purpureus for the treatment of diarrhea and its associated complications.
基金supported by the Youth Research Foundation of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,China(QNJJ202420)the Beijing Science and Technology Association Youth Lifting Project,Chinathe Beijing Municipal Rural Revitalization Agricultural Science and Technology Development Project,China(NY2401020224)。
文摘Maize(Zea mays L.)is recognized as one of the most significant cereal crops worldwide,serving as a primary source of human food,animal feed,and industrial raw materials.With increasing diversification of market demands for specialty maize varieties,distinctive fresh produce cultivars characterized by unique textures have gained considerable popularity among consumers(Boyer and Shannon 1984).Notably,sweet maize is often referred to as the‘King of fruits and vegetables'due to its richness in polysaccharides,dietary fiber,trace elements,vitamins,linoleic acid,and other essential nutrients(Revilla et al.2021).
文摘Many people have bad habits,and they are not good for you.Bad habits can be staying up too late,eating too many sweets or biting your nails.Bad habits aren't easy to break,but you can do it!First,notice when you do the habit.Then,try to do something else,such as chewing gum or reading a book.Ask a friend to help you stop.They can watch you and remind you.Do your best and don't stop trying.Changing little by little can make a difference!
文摘An influx of small investors eager to earn money puts heavy pressure on fund managers Fund managers control millions in capital and call the shots in the stock market. They can make a fortune from a single judgment. The debut of fund management
