The extensive utilization of the low-energy dipeptide sweetener aspartame in foods leads to various studies on searching for new sweeteners in series. However, the real mechanistic cause of their sweetness power is st...The extensive utilization of the low-energy dipeptide sweetener aspartame in foods leads to various studies on searching for new sweeteners in series. However, the real mechanistic cause of their sweetness power is still not completely known owing to their complex interactions with human sweet receptor, which may be different from that of other sweeteners to some extent. In this contribution, predictive quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR) models have been developed for diverse aspartame analogues using Materials Studio 5.0 software. The optimal QSPR model(r2 = 0.913, r2 CV = 0.881 and r2 pred = 0.730) constructed by the genetic function approximation method has been validated by the tests of cross validation, randomization, external prediction and other statistical criteria, which shows that their sweetness power is mainly governed by their electrotopological-state indices(SssCH and SsNH), spatial descriptors(Shadow length: LX, ellipsoidal volume and Connolly surface occupied volume) and topological descriptors(Chi(3): cluster and Chi(0)(valence modified)), which partially supports both multipoint attachment theory proposed by Nofre and Tinti et al. and B-X theory proposed by Kier et al.. Present exploited results provide the key structural features for the sweetness power of aspartame analogues, supplement the mechanistic understanding of the sweet perception, and would be also helpful for the design of potent sweetener analogs prior to their synthesis.展开更多
Quantum chemical parameters of 10 amino acids with D- and L-configurations were firstly calculated with semi-empirical AM1 method. Furthermore, the relationship between molecular structures of D-, L-amino acids and t...Quantum chemical parameters of 10 amino acids with D- and L-configurations were firstly calculated with semi-empirical AM1 method. Furthermore, the relationship between molecular structures of D-, L-amino acids and their sweetness were observed. The results show that upon different configurations of amino acids, the sweetness is relative with their formation heat, dipole moment, energy gap of frontier orbital and other parameters. The formation heats of the same amino acids possessing D- and L-configurations are different except glycine. The algebraic value of D-amino acid is generally larger than that of corresponding L-configuration with only one except of tyrosine. The dipole moment of D-amino acid is generally larger than that of corresponding L-amino acid except tyrosine and lysine. The lowest unoccupied orbital energy （ELUMO） of D-amino acid is higher than that of corresponding L-configuration except phenylalanine. △E of D-amino acid is larger than that of L-amino acid except histidine, phenylalanine and lysine. The larger gap will have advantage for its matching with frontier orbital energy of human protein acceptor, which strengthens the interaction between D-amino acid and sweet taste acceptor. Besides, the changing rules of these parameters are generally identical.展开更多
The goals of this study were to examine, using the temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) method, the effects of 1) the sucrose concentration on the temporal sequence of sweetness perception in four fruit-flavored (le...The goals of this study were to examine, using the temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) method, the effects of 1) the sucrose concentration on the temporal sequence of sweetness perception in four fruit-flavored (lemon, peach, strawberry, and vanilla) teas with 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25 M sucrose;and 2) participants’ sex on this temporal sequence. Twenty-four healthy young adults were assigned to female (n = 12) and male (n = 12) groups. Both groups evaluated five sensory attributes in 12 samples (four fruit-flavored teas, each with three sucrose concentrations). As in our preceding study [1], two sensations, sweetness and fruitiness, were dominant after ingesting the 12 teas in both groups, but the temporal sequence of sweetness perception differed between the two groups. On average, the male group reported the first appearance of sweetness earlier in the samples with 0.05 M sucrose compared with the female group, with the samples containing 0.15 and 0.25 M sucrose. The average durations of the sweetness sensation were different between the male and female groups as well as among the sucrose concentrations and the four flavors tested.展开更多
The protein glycosidase APM is a seet agent produced from amino acid necessary to the body. With a sweetness 200 times more than that of the refined sugar, this product has been confirmed as an A (1) Class low heat, h...The protein glycosidase APM is a seet agent produced from amino acid necessary to the body. With a sweetness 200 times more than that of the refined sugar, this product has been confirmed as an A (1) Class low heat, high sweetness agent by specialists of JECFA of the United Nations. A series of toxicology tests undertaken by the United States, China and Japan as well as many other international institutions over past decades, have proven the展开更多
Between the rugged cliffs where the Yarkant River carves through the Taklimakan Desert,a 164.8-meter-tall colossus stands guard-the huge dam of the Altash Water Conservancy Project,the largest water conservancy projec...Between the rugged cliffs where the Yarkant River carves through the Taklimakan Desert,a 164.8-meter-tall colossus stands guard-the huge dam of the Altash Water Conservancy Project,the largest water conservancy project in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.展开更多
Chinese New Year is a time of vibrant energy and delightful surprises.Streets across China glow with red and gold decorations,while the air carries the scent of freshly steamed pastries and a wide variety of sweet tre...Chinese New Year is a time of vibrant energy and delightful surprises.Streets across China glow with red and gold decorations,while the air carries the scent of freshly steamed pastries and a wide variety of sweet treats.As the Year of the Horse gallops in,it brings a surge of vitality to the communities.Beyond fireworks,decorations,and dragon dances.展开更多
Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approa...Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approaches or focused on a limited range of metabolites,leaving the regulatory mechanisms and dynamic metabolism of anthocyanins during ripening inadequately characterized.This study integrated anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify key anthocyanins in sweet cherry and construct a transcriptional regulatory network for anthocyanin biosynthesis.A novel bHLH transcription factor,Prunus avium bHLH transcription factor 102(PavbHLH102),was identified,and its role in regulating cyanidin levels was validated through overexpression and silencing experiments.Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that PavbHLH102 activates key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,including PavF3H,PavDFR,and PavUFGT,thereby enhancing fruit coloration.Notably,PavF3′H upregulation significantly increased cyanidin accumulation.This study provides new insights into anthocyanin regulation in sweet cherry and offers valuable resources for improving fruit quality.展开更多
Many people have bad habits,and they are not good for you.Bad habits can be staying up too late,eating too many sweets or biting your nails.Bad habits aren't easy to break,but you can do it!First,notice when you d...Many people have bad habits,and they are not good for you.Bad habits can be staying up too late,eating too many sweets or biting your nails.Bad habits aren't easy to break,but you can do it!First,notice when you do the habit.Then,try to do something else,such as chewing gum or reading a book.Ask a friend to help you stop.They can watch you and remind you.Do your best and don't stop trying.Changing little by little can make a difference!展开更多
An influx of small investors eager to earn money puts heavy pressure on fund managers Fund managers control millions in capital and call the shots in the stock market. They can make a fortune from a single judgment. T...An influx of small investors eager to earn money puts heavy pressure on fund managers Fund managers control millions in capital and call the shots in the stock market. They can make a fortune from a single judgment. The debut of fund management展开更多
B and C sands of the Lower Goru Formation of Cretaceous are proven reservoirs in different parts of the Middle and Lower Indus Basin,Pakistan.Most of the discoveries in this basin have been made in structural traps.Ho...B and C sands of the Lower Goru Formation of Cretaceous are proven reservoirs in different parts of the Middle and Lower Indus Basin,Pakistan.Most of the discoveries in this basin have been made in structural traps.However,in Sawan gas field;structural inversion,deep burial depth and heterogeneity of reservoir intervals make it difficult to demarcate the sweetness zones through conventional seismic analysis.In this work,different data sets have been integrated through constrained sparse spike inversion to mark sweetness zones in B and C sands of this formation.C sand contains four sweetness zones;the main sweetness zone is located towards the east while three subtle sweetness zones were identified towards the west of Sawan fault.The location of producing and nonproducing wells within the sweetness and outside of sweetness zones confirms the credibility of this work.B sand includes three sweetness zones located towards the west of Sawan fault.Moreover,inverted porosity results not only show good agreement with the porosity log of blind well(Sawan-02)but also show good matching with the core porosities.Hence integration of different data sets leads to demarcate the accurate location,size and extent of the sweetness zones.展开更多
The town of Pangezhuang in suburban Beijing,also known as the land of watermelons,has been hosting a watermelon festival for 32 years to celebrate its green prowess.And among the watermelon growers in the town,Song Sh...The town of Pangezhuang in suburban Beijing,also known as the land of watermelons,has been hosting a watermelon festival for 32 years to celebrate its green prowess.And among the watermelon growers in the town,Song Shaotang is one of the most famous ones,a second-generation entrant who learned the skills from his father,a melon grower since the 1980s.展开更多
This year's Mid-Autumn Festival fell on Sept.10,the sameday as Teachers'Day.People were glad to see many fun activities that celebrated the traditional estival and showed their gratitude for teachers.
SWEET(sugars will eventually be exported transporters)蛋白是近年来鉴定的新型糖转运蛋白,在植物生长发育和果实品质形成过程中有重要作用。为探究金柑SWEET基因家族特点及其在果实发育过程中的表达,从金柑基因组数据库中鉴定出17个...SWEET(sugars will eventually be exported transporters)蛋白是近年来鉴定的新型糖转运蛋白,在植物生长发育和果实品质形成过程中有重要作用。为探究金柑SWEET基因家族特点及其在果实发育过程中的表达,从金柑基因组数据库中鉴定出17个SWEET成员,生物信息学分析表明金柑SWEET基因家族多数成员具有典型的7次跨膜螺旋结构,属于疏水碱性蛋白,在基序和结构域上相对保守。进化分析表明金柑SWEET成员可以分为4类。蛋白质互作网络分析发现FhSWEET16b是重要的核心家族成员。基因表达分析发现FhSWEET1、FhSWEET2b、FhSWEET15和FhSWEET16a在果实发育过程中表达量较高,可能在金柑果实糖分积累中起关键作用。本研究结果为进一步分析柑橘SWEET基因调控果实糖积累的分子机制提供基础。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21673207)Special Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Public Scientific Research Institutes(No.562018Y-5983)Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition(No.2017SICR115,2017SICR101)
文摘The extensive utilization of the low-energy dipeptide sweetener aspartame in foods leads to various studies on searching for new sweeteners in series. However, the real mechanistic cause of their sweetness power is still not completely known owing to their complex interactions with human sweet receptor, which may be different from that of other sweeteners to some extent. In this contribution, predictive quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR) models have been developed for diverse aspartame analogues using Materials Studio 5.0 software. The optimal QSPR model(r2 = 0.913, r2 CV = 0.881 and r2 pred = 0.730) constructed by the genetic function approximation method has been validated by the tests of cross validation, randomization, external prediction and other statistical criteria, which shows that their sweetness power is mainly governed by their electrotopological-state indices(SssCH and SsNH), spatial descriptors(Shadow length: LX, ellipsoidal volume and Connolly surface occupied volume) and topological descriptors(Chi(3): cluster and Chi(0)(valence modified)), which partially supports both multipoint attachment theory proposed by Nofre and Tinti et al. and B-X theory proposed by Kier et al.. Present exploited results provide the key structural features for the sweetness power of aspartame analogues, supplement the mechanistic understanding of the sweet perception, and would be also helpful for the design of potent sweetener analogs prior to their synthesis.
文摘Quantum chemical parameters of 10 amino acids with D- and L-configurations were firstly calculated with semi-empirical AM1 method. Furthermore, the relationship between molecular structures of D-, L-amino acids and their sweetness were observed. The results show that upon different configurations of amino acids, the sweetness is relative with their formation heat, dipole moment, energy gap of frontier orbital and other parameters. The formation heats of the same amino acids possessing D- and L-configurations are different except glycine. The algebraic value of D-amino acid is generally larger than that of corresponding L-configuration with only one except of tyrosine. The dipole moment of D-amino acid is generally larger than that of corresponding L-amino acid except tyrosine and lysine. The lowest unoccupied orbital energy （ELUMO） of D-amino acid is higher than that of corresponding L-configuration except phenylalanine. △E of D-amino acid is larger than that of L-amino acid except histidine, phenylalanine and lysine. The larger gap will have advantage for its matching with frontier orbital energy of human protein acceptor, which strengthens the interaction between D-amino acid and sweet taste acceptor. Besides, the changing rules of these parameters are generally identical.
文摘The goals of this study were to examine, using the temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) method, the effects of 1) the sucrose concentration on the temporal sequence of sweetness perception in four fruit-flavored (lemon, peach, strawberry, and vanilla) teas with 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25 M sucrose;and 2) participants’ sex on this temporal sequence. Twenty-four healthy young adults were assigned to female (n = 12) and male (n = 12) groups. Both groups evaluated five sensory attributes in 12 samples (four fruit-flavored teas, each with three sucrose concentrations). As in our preceding study [1], two sensations, sweetness and fruitiness, were dominant after ingesting the 12 teas in both groups, but the temporal sequence of sweetness perception differed between the two groups. On average, the male group reported the first appearance of sweetness earlier in the samples with 0.05 M sucrose compared with the female group, with the samples containing 0.15 and 0.25 M sucrose. The average durations of the sweetness sensation were different between the male and female groups as well as among the sucrose concentrations and the four flavors tested.
文摘The protein glycosidase APM is a seet agent produced from amino acid necessary to the body. With a sweetness 200 times more than that of the refined sugar, this product has been confirmed as an A (1) Class low heat, high sweetness agent by specialists of JECFA of the United Nations. A series of toxicology tests undertaken by the United States, China and Japan as well as many other international institutions over past decades, have proven the
文摘Between the rugged cliffs where the Yarkant River carves through the Taklimakan Desert,a 164.8-meter-tall colossus stands guard-the huge dam of the Altash Water Conservancy Project,the largest water conservancy project in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
文摘Chinese New Year is a time of vibrant energy and delightful surprises.Streets across China glow with red and gold decorations,while the air carries the scent of freshly steamed pastries and a wide variety of sweet treats.As the Year of the Horse gallops in,it brings a surge of vitality to the communities.Beyond fireworks,decorations,and dragon dances.
基金funding from the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(Grant Nos.2025ZNSFSC1100,2024NSFSC0324)the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2017YFC0505104)+2 种基金the Sichuan Agricultural University Dual Support Plan Special Project(Grant No.2024ZYTS020)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZB20250863)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2025M773740).
文摘Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approaches or focused on a limited range of metabolites,leaving the regulatory mechanisms and dynamic metabolism of anthocyanins during ripening inadequately characterized.This study integrated anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify key anthocyanins in sweet cherry and construct a transcriptional regulatory network for anthocyanin biosynthesis.A novel bHLH transcription factor,Prunus avium bHLH transcription factor 102(PavbHLH102),was identified,and its role in regulating cyanidin levels was validated through overexpression and silencing experiments.Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that PavbHLH102 activates key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,including PavF3H,PavDFR,and PavUFGT,thereby enhancing fruit coloration.Notably,PavF3′H upregulation significantly increased cyanidin accumulation.This study provides new insights into anthocyanin regulation in sweet cherry and offers valuable resources for improving fruit quality.
文摘Many people have bad habits,and they are not good for you.Bad habits can be staying up too late,eating too many sweets or biting your nails.Bad habits aren't easy to break,but you can do it!First,notice when you do the habit.Then,try to do something else,such as chewing gum or reading a book.Ask a friend to help you stop.They can watch you and remind you.Do your best and don't stop trying.Changing little by little can make a difference!
文摘An influx of small investors eager to earn money puts heavy pressure on fund managers Fund managers control millions in capital and call the shots in the stock market. They can make a fortune from a single judgment. The debut of fund management
文摘B and C sands of the Lower Goru Formation of Cretaceous are proven reservoirs in different parts of the Middle and Lower Indus Basin,Pakistan.Most of the discoveries in this basin have been made in structural traps.However,in Sawan gas field;structural inversion,deep burial depth and heterogeneity of reservoir intervals make it difficult to demarcate the sweetness zones through conventional seismic analysis.In this work,different data sets have been integrated through constrained sparse spike inversion to mark sweetness zones in B and C sands of this formation.C sand contains four sweetness zones;the main sweetness zone is located towards the east while three subtle sweetness zones were identified towards the west of Sawan fault.The location of producing and nonproducing wells within the sweetness and outside of sweetness zones confirms the credibility of this work.B sand includes three sweetness zones located towards the west of Sawan fault.Moreover,inverted porosity results not only show good agreement with the porosity log of blind well(Sawan-02)but also show good matching with the core porosities.Hence integration of different data sets leads to demarcate the accurate location,size and extent of the sweetness zones.
文摘The town of Pangezhuang in suburban Beijing,also known as the land of watermelons,has been hosting a watermelon festival for 32 years to celebrate its green prowess.And among the watermelon growers in the town,Song Shaotang is one of the most famous ones,a second-generation entrant who learned the skills from his father,a melon grower since the 1980s.
文摘This year's Mid-Autumn Festival fell on Sept.10,the sameday as Teachers'Day.People were glad to see many fun activities that celebrated the traditional estival and showed their gratitude for teachers.
文摘SWEET(sugars will eventually be exported transporters)蛋白是近年来鉴定的新型糖转运蛋白,在植物生长发育和果实品质形成过程中有重要作用。为探究金柑SWEET基因家族特点及其在果实发育过程中的表达,从金柑基因组数据库中鉴定出17个SWEET成员,生物信息学分析表明金柑SWEET基因家族多数成员具有典型的7次跨膜螺旋结构,属于疏水碱性蛋白,在基序和结构域上相对保守。进化分析表明金柑SWEET成员可以分为4类。蛋白质互作网络分析发现FhSWEET16b是重要的核心家族成员。基因表达分析发现FhSWEET1、FhSWEET2b、FhSWEET15和FhSWEET16a在果实发育过程中表达量较高,可能在金柑果实糖分积累中起关键作用。本研究结果为进一步分析柑橘SWEET基因调控果实糖积累的分子机制提供基础。
