水体总悬浮物浓度影响水体的光场分布,进而影响初级生产力。2012年7月14—15日,在松花江哈尔滨段选取11个断面共33个样点,利用野外高光谱仪(ASD Field Spec Pro)进行反射光谱测量和同步水样采集分析,通过研究总悬浮物质量浓度与其高光...水体总悬浮物浓度影响水体的光场分布,进而影响初级生产力。2012年7月14—15日,在松花江哈尔滨段选取11个断面共33个样点,利用野外高光谱仪(ASD Field Spec Pro)进行反射光谱测量和同步水样采集分析,通过研究总悬浮物质量浓度与其高光谱反射率之间的相关关系,采用单波段反射率、反射率比值法和一阶微分法分别建立了总悬浮物浓度的高光谱估测模型。结果表明,3种方法的决定系数都在0.90左右,均可以用于总悬浮物的定量遥感监测,其中一阶微分模型为反演的最佳模型。展开更多
Experiments were conducted to study the performance characters of aerobic/anoxic （A/ A） digestion of sludge at 30± 1 ℃, while the sludge retention time （SRT） was kept 16 d. The varia tions of oxidation redu...Experiments were conducted to study the performance characters of aerobic/anoxic （A/ A） digestion of sludge at 30± 1 ℃, while the sludge retention time （SRT） was kept 16 d. The varia tions of oxidation reduction potential （Eh ） and pH were continuously monitored during the A/A di gestion and the conversions of ammonium and nitrate were investigated. Important features on both Eh and pH profiles were identified to develop process control strategy. Since the feature point on Eh profile where d2 Eh/dt^2 =0 is very stable during anoxic cycle, it can be used to determine the end of denitrification. The end of nitrification can be identified according to dpH/dt = 0. A real-time control strategy of A/A digestion of sludge was developed and tested with pH and Eh as control parameters. It is shown that the performance of the real-time control strategy is better than that of a fixed time control strategy. While the real time controlled A/A digestion system can achieve a similar volatile suspended solids （VSS） destruction efficiency of 35.2 % as a continuously aerated system, it im proves the supernatant quality in a shorter aeration time（7. 75 d for a 20 d period）.展开更多
By using the data of underwater irradiance measured in the different lakeregions of Lake Taihu during 1998—2004 and total suspended solids (TSS), wind speeds of the total13 stations in typical lake regions during 199...By using the data of underwater irradiance measured in the different lakeregions of Lake Taihu during 1998—2004 and total suspended solids (TSS), wind speeds of the total13 stations in typical lake regions during 1993—2003, this paper analyzes the factors ofinfluencing on PAR (pho-tosynthetically available radiation) attenuation, euphotic depth, andpresents the temporal and spatial variations of euphotic depth of typical lake regions in LakeTaihu, and the spectral distributions of euphotic depth at station 2. The results show that theconcentration of TSS is the most important factor impacting PAR attenuation, followed by chlorophylla; chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) has little impact on the PAR euphotic depth. During1993—2003, the mean yearly PAR euphotic depths of the typical lake regions ranged from 1.04 to1.95 m with a mean value of 1.35±0.23 m. The PAR euphotic depth fell into 3 spatial zone types:Type Ⅰ, the lowest, including the lake center and the inflows of rivers; Type Ⅱ, intermediate,including Meiliang Bay, Wulihu Lake and Gonghu Bay; Type Ⅲ, the greatest, including the East LakeTaihu; corresponding mean depths were approximately 1.1, 1.4, 2.0 m, respectively. The seasonalvariations of euphotic depths were not quite the same in different lake regions. In the lake center,the mean values of PAR euphotic depth in summer and autumn were significantly greater than those inwinter and spring; in the Meiliang Bay, winter means were significantly greater than in the otherthree seasons; in the East Lake Taihu, winter means were significantly less than in the other threeseasons. However, no distinct seasonal change was recorded in the Wulihu Lake, Gonghu Bay and theinflows of rivers. The spectral distributions of euphotic depth present a minimal value at the bluelight wave band of 400 nm, and a peak at the green light wave band of around 580 nm. In 1998 and1999, based on the seasonal many-day continuous measurements, the PAR euphotic depths at station 2were recorded 2.00±0.21, 2.52±0.45, 1.58±0.24, 2.00 ±0.15 m in spring, summer, autumn andwinter, respectively. The peak value of 440 nm absorbed by phytoplankton corresponded to a euphoticdepth of only 0.81—1.47 m (mean 1.07±0.29 m), which was much lower than the mean PAR euphoticdepth of 1.98±0.41 m.展开更多
文摘水体总悬浮物浓度影响水体的光场分布,进而影响初级生产力。2012年7月14—15日,在松花江哈尔滨段选取11个断面共33个样点,利用野外高光谱仪(ASD Field Spec Pro)进行反射光谱测量和同步水样采集分析,通过研究总悬浮物质量浓度与其高光谱反射率之间的相关关系,采用单波段反射率、反射率比值法和一阶微分法分别建立了总悬浮物浓度的高光谱估测模型。结果表明,3种方法的决定系数都在0.90左右,均可以用于总悬浮物的定量遥感监测,其中一阶微分模型为反演的最佳模型。
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China("863"Program)(2006AA06Z319)the National Key Technology R&D Programof the 11th Five-Year Plan China(2007BAK36B07)the Research Foundation for Youth Scholars of Beijing Technology and Business University(QNJJ-28)
文摘Experiments were conducted to study the performance characters of aerobic/anoxic （A/ A） digestion of sludge at 30± 1 ℃, while the sludge retention time （SRT） was kept 16 d. The varia tions of oxidation reduction potential （Eh ） and pH were continuously monitored during the A/A di gestion and the conversions of ammonium and nitrate were investigated. Important features on both Eh and pH profiles were identified to develop process control strategy. Since the feature point on Eh profile where d2 Eh/dt^2 =0 is very stable during anoxic cycle, it can be used to determine the end of denitrification. The end of nitrification can be identified according to dpH/dt = 0. A real-time control strategy of A/A digestion of sludge was developed and tested with pH and Eh as control parameters. It is shown that the performance of the real-time control strategy is better than that of a fixed time control strategy. While the real time controlled A/A digestion system can achieve a similar volatile suspended solids （VSS） destruction efficiency of 35.2 % as a continuously aerated system, it im proves the supernatant quality in a shorter aeration time（7. 75 d for a 20 d period）.
基金supported by the Chi-nese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX1-SW-12)the National High Technology Development Project of China(863 program)(Grant No.2002AA601011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40203007).
文摘By using the data of underwater irradiance measured in the different lakeregions of Lake Taihu during 1998—2004 and total suspended solids (TSS), wind speeds of the total13 stations in typical lake regions during 1993—2003, this paper analyzes the factors ofinfluencing on PAR (pho-tosynthetically available radiation) attenuation, euphotic depth, andpresents the temporal and spatial variations of euphotic depth of typical lake regions in LakeTaihu, and the spectral distributions of euphotic depth at station 2. The results show that theconcentration of TSS is the most important factor impacting PAR attenuation, followed by chlorophylla; chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) has little impact on the PAR euphotic depth. During1993—2003, the mean yearly PAR euphotic depths of the typical lake regions ranged from 1.04 to1.95 m with a mean value of 1.35±0.23 m. The PAR euphotic depth fell into 3 spatial zone types:Type Ⅰ, the lowest, including the lake center and the inflows of rivers; Type Ⅱ, intermediate,including Meiliang Bay, Wulihu Lake and Gonghu Bay; Type Ⅲ, the greatest, including the East LakeTaihu; corresponding mean depths were approximately 1.1, 1.4, 2.0 m, respectively. The seasonalvariations of euphotic depths were not quite the same in different lake regions. In the lake center,the mean values of PAR euphotic depth in summer and autumn were significantly greater than those inwinter and spring; in the Meiliang Bay, winter means were significantly greater than in the otherthree seasons; in the East Lake Taihu, winter means were significantly less than in the other threeseasons. However, no distinct seasonal change was recorded in the Wulihu Lake, Gonghu Bay and theinflows of rivers. The spectral distributions of euphotic depth present a minimal value at the bluelight wave band of 400 nm, and a peak at the green light wave band of around 580 nm. In 1998 and1999, based on the seasonal many-day continuous measurements, the PAR euphotic depths at station 2were recorded 2.00±0.21, 2.52±0.45, 1.58±0.24, 2.00 ±0.15 m in spring, summer, autumn andwinter, respectively. The peak value of 440 nm absorbed by phytoplankton corresponded to a euphoticdepth of only 0.81—1.47 m (mean 1.07±0.29 m), which was much lower than the mean PAR euphoticdepth of 1.98±0.41 m.
