Based on an attribution analysis of the global mean temperature biases in the Flexible Global Ocean- AtmOsphere-Land System model, spectral version 2 （FGOALS-s2） through a coupled atmosphere-surface ch- mate feedb...Based on an attribution analysis of the global mean temperature biases in the Flexible Global Ocean- AtmOsphere-Land System model, spectral version 2 （FGOALS-s2） through a coupled atmosphere-surface ch- mate feedback-response analysis method （CFRAM）, the model＇s global surface-atmosphere energy balance in boreal winter and summer is examined. Within the en- ergy-balance-based CFRAM system, the model temperature biases are attributed to energy perturbations resulting from model biases in individual radiative and non-radia- tive processes in the atmosphere and at the surface. The results show that, although the global mean surface tem- perature （Ts） bias is only 0.38 K in January and 1.70 K in July, and the atmospheric temperature （Ta） biases from the troposphere to the stratosphere are only around ＋3 K at most, the temperature biases due to model biases in rep- resenting the individual radiative and non-radiative proc- esses are considerably large （over -4-10 K at most）. Spe- cifically, the global cold radiative Ts bias, mainly due to the overestimated surface albedo, is compensated for by the global warm non-radiative Ts bias that is mainly due to the overestimated downward surface heat fluxes. The model biases in non-radiative processes in the lower tro- posphere （up to 5-15 K） are relatively much larger than in upper levels, which are mainly responsible for the warm Ta biases there. In contrast, the global mean cold ira biases in the mid-to-upper troposphere are mainly dominated by radiative processes. The warm/cold Ta biases in the lower/upper stratosphere are dominated by non-radiative processes, while the warm ira biases in the mid-strato- sphere can be attributed to the radiative ozone feedback process.展开更多
Physical model of self-sustained infrasonic air oscillations related to interaction of fresh gale with choppy sea surface is proposed. It is shown that air infrasonic oscillations are expected inside moving 3D cavitie...Physical model of self-sustained infrasonic air oscillations related to interaction of fresh gale with choppy sea surface is proposed. It is shown that air infrasonic oscillations are expected inside moving 3D cavities in sea surface generated by gale and detected far from its region. Interaction of wind with moving sea wave crests is shown to be of weaker impact on oscillations in far field. For wind velocity in the range from 10 to 40 m/s deepest cavities acquire resonance frequencies in the range of 3.0 - 0.7 Hz, i.e. frequencies much lower than their quarter wavelength resonance frequencies. In the course of oscillations effective wind velocity applied to cavities can achieve value from 0.4 to 0.6 of wind velocity, while air self-sustained oscillations velocity amplitude can run up in the range from 0.2 to 0.3 of wind velocity. Wind intensification leads to oscillations frequency decrease and oscillation energy losses increase with wind velocity cubed. Cavities natural frequencies are transformed due to air attached mass and volume elasticity additional transformation under wind influence in the range from 1.05 to 1.9 with respect to resonance frequencies at rest. Amplitude of self-sustained oscillation in atmosphere is expected to increase with wind velocity cubed, while cavity air oscillation velocity-linear with wind velocity. Wind velocity threshold of an order of 25 - 30 m/s overcome is necessary to observe effect. Spectral peaks on resonance frequencies in the range 0.7 - 2.5 Hz are expected in effect observation. Infrasonic signals observable far from whole gale in atmosphere, sea water thickness and earth crust on self-sustained oscillation frequency and its harmonics frequencies beginning from third harmonic 2.1 - 7.5 Hz are regarded as phenomenon signs.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry(Meteorology)(Grant No.GYHY201406001)Science Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA11010402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91437105)
文摘Based on an attribution analysis of the global mean temperature biases in the Flexible Global Ocean- AtmOsphere-Land System model, spectral version 2 （FGOALS-s2） through a coupled atmosphere-surface ch- mate feedback-response analysis method （CFRAM）, the model＇s global surface-atmosphere energy balance in boreal winter and summer is examined. Within the en- ergy-balance-based CFRAM system, the model temperature biases are attributed to energy perturbations resulting from model biases in individual radiative and non-radia- tive processes in the atmosphere and at the surface. The results show that, although the global mean surface tem- perature （Ts） bias is only 0.38 K in January and 1.70 K in July, and the atmospheric temperature （Ta） biases from the troposphere to the stratosphere are only around ＋3 K at most, the temperature biases due to model biases in rep- resenting the individual radiative and non-radiative proc- esses are considerably large （over -4-10 K at most）. Spe- cifically, the global cold radiative Ts bias, mainly due to the overestimated surface albedo, is compensated for by the global warm non-radiative Ts bias that is mainly due to the overestimated downward surface heat fluxes. The model biases in non-radiative processes in the lower tro- posphere （up to 5-15 K） are relatively much larger than in upper levels, which are mainly responsible for the warm Ta biases there. In contrast, the global mean cold ira biases in the mid-to-upper troposphere are mainly dominated by radiative processes. The warm/cold Ta biases in the lower/upper stratosphere are dominated by non-radiative processes, while the warm ira biases in the mid-strato- sphere can be attributed to the radiative ozone feedback process.
文摘Physical model of self-sustained infrasonic air oscillations related to interaction of fresh gale with choppy sea surface is proposed. It is shown that air infrasonic oscillations are expected inside moving 3D cavities in sea surface generated by gale and detected far from its region. Interaction of wind with moving sea wave crests is shown to be of weaker impact on oscillations in far field. For wind velocity in the range from 10 to 40 m/s deepest cavities acquire resonance frequencies in the range of 3.0 - 0.7 Hz, i.e. frequencies much lower than their quarter wavelength resonance frequencies. In the course of oscillations effective wind velocity applied to cavities can achieve value from 0.4 to 0.6 of wind velocity, while air self-sustained oscillations velocity amplitude can run up in the range from 0.2 to 0.3 of wind velocity. Wind intensification leads to oscillations frequency decrease and oscillation energy losses increase with wind velocity cubed. Cavities natural frequencies are transformed due to air attached mass and volume elasticity additional transformation under wind influence in the range from 1.05 to 1.9 with respect to resonance frequencies at rest. Amplitude of self-sustained oscillation in atmosphere is expected to increase with wind velocity cubed, while cavity air oscillation velocity-linear with wind velocity. Wind velocity threshold of an order of 25 - 30 m/s overcome is necessary to observe effect. Spectral peaks on resonance frequencies in the range 0.7 - 2.5 Hz are expected in effect observation. Infrasonic signals observable far from whole gale in atmosphere, sea water thickness and earth crust on self-sustained oscillation frequency and its harmonics frequencies beginning from third harmonic 2.1 - 7.5 Hz are regarded as phenomenon signs.
