The surface organic modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with silane coupling reagent KH570 was studied.The modified and unmodified nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR,XPS and TEM.The spectra of FT-IR and XPS rev...The surface organic modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with silane coupling reagent KH570 was studied.The modified and unmodified nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR,XPS and TEM.The spectra of FT-IR and XPS revealed that KH570 was coated onto the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to get Fe-O-Si bond and an organic coating layer also was formed.Fe3O4 nanoparticles were spheres partly with mean size of 18,8 nm studied by TEM,which was consistent with the result 17.9 nm calculated by Scherrer's equation.KH570 was adsorbed on surface and formed chemistry bond to be steric hindrance repulsion which prevented nanoparticles from reuniting.Then glycol-based Fe3O4 magnetic liquids dispersed stably was gained.展开更多
As the main distribution place of deep-level defects and the entrance of water, the interface is critical to determining both the power conversion efficiency(PCE) and the stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). Sui...As the main distribution place of deep-level defects and the entrance of water, the interface is critical to determining both the power conversion efficiency(PCE) and the stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). Suitable interface design can dramatically passivate interface defects and optimize energy level alignment for suppressing the nonradiative recombination and effectively extracting the photogenerated carriers towards higher PCE. Meanwhile, a proper interface design can also block the interface diffusion of ions for high operational stability. Therefore, interface modification is of great significance to make the PSCs more efficient and stable. Upon optimized material choices, the three-dimensional halide perovskite graded junction layer, low-dimensional halide perovskite interface layer and organic salt passivation layer have been constructed on perovskite films for superior PSCs, yet a systematic review of them is missing. Thus, a guide and summary of recent advances in modulating the perovskite films interface is necessary for the further development of more efficient interface modification.展开更多
In order to investigate the influening factors of organic modification procedure and find out connections between organic modification and the properties of bentonite greases, organic montmorillonite(OMMT) thickeners ...In order to investigate the influening factors of organic modification procedure and find out connections between organic modification and the properties of bentonite greases, organic montmorillonite(OMMT) thickeners with different surfactant dosages and constituents were synthesized through intercalation reaction between sodium montmorillonite(NaM MT) and quaternary ammonium surfactants in aqueous solvents. The lubricating greases were prepared with the resulting organoclays, while the penetration and oil separation of lubricating greases were evaluated, respectively. The surface modification process of montmorillonite(MMT) was analyzed and the thickening mechanism of OMMT was discussed in this study. The experimental results showed that, with an increasing amount of surfactant, the basal spacing between the clay platelets was increasing and the structure of modifier molecules layer in the interlayer was changing from lateral bilayer to paraffin-type bilayer. The optimal properties of lubricating greases were achieved, when the structure of surfactant molecules loaded in the interlayer was the paraffin-type monolayer, which meant that the dosage of modifier was equal to 120—140 mmol/(100g). Meanwhile, it was found that the thickening performance, colloid stability, anti-wear and friction-reducing performance of lubricating greases were improved, when the surfactants were mixed with octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(OTAC) and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(HTAC). And the optimum mole ratio of two surfactants is was 1:1.展开更多
Soil carbon sequestration and potential has been a focal issue in global carbon research. Under the background of global change, the estimation of the size as well as its change of soil organic carbon（SOC） storage i...Soil carbon sequestration and potential has been a focal issue in global carbon research. Under the background of global change, the estimation of the size as well as its change of soil organic carbon（SOC） storage is of great importance. Based on soil data from the second national soil survey and field survey during 2011–2012, by using the regression method between sampling soil data and remote sensing data, this paper aimed to investigate spatial distribution and changes of topsoil（0–20 cm） organic carbon storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s. The results showed that：（1） the SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s was estimated to be 2.05 and 2.17 Pg C, with an average density of 3.48 and 3.69 kg C·m–2, respectively. The SOC storage was mainly distributed in the typical steppe and meadow steppe, which accounted for over 98% of the total SOC storage. The spatial distribution showed a decreased trend from the meadow steppe, typical steppe to the desert steppe, corresponding to the temperature and precipitation gradient.（2） SOC changes during 1982–2012 were estimated to be 0.12 Pg C, at 7.00 g C·m–2·yr–1, which didn＇t show a significant change, indicating that SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia remained relatively stable over this period. However, topsoil organic carbon showed different trends of carbon source/sink during the past three decades. Meadow steppe and typical steppe had sequestered 0.15 and 0.03 Pg C, respectively, served as a carbon sink; while desert steppe lost 0.06 Pg C, served as a carbon source. It appears that SOC storage in grassland ecosystem may respond differently to climate change, related to vegetation type, regional climate type and grazing intensity. These results might give advice to decision makers on adopting suitable countermeasures for sustainable grassland utilization and protection.展开更多
Soil magnetic characteristics are correlated with soil p H and organic matter content. Analyzing soil magnetic characteristics, organic matter content and p H can indirectly evaluate soil pollution caused by human act...Soil magnetic characteristics are correlated with soil p H and organic matter content. Analyzing soil magnetic characteristics, organic matter content and p H can indirectly evaluate soil pollution caused by human activities. This study analyzed the soil magnetic characteristics, organic matter content and p H in surface soil samples from different land use types in Shihezi city, a newly and rapidly developing oasis city in Xinjiang of China. The aims of this study were to explore the possible relationships among the soil magnetic parameters and thereby improve the understanding of influence of urbanization on soil properties. Eighty surface soil samples at the depth of 0–10 cm were collected from 29 July to 4 August 2013. The results showed that the magnetic minerals in surface soil were dominated by ferromagnetic minerals. Spatially, the magnetic susceptibility（χLF）, anhysteretic remanent magnetization susceptibility（χARM）, saturation isothermal remanent magnetization（SIRM） and ＂soft＂ isothermal remanent magnetization（SOFT） were found to be most dominant in the new northern urban area B（N-B）, followed by built-up areas（U）, suburban agricultural land（F）, and then the new northern urban area A（N-A）. The values of χLF, χARM, SIRM and SOFT were higher in the areas with high intensities of human activities and around the main roads. Meanwhile, the property ＂hard＂ isothermal remanent magnetization（HIRM） followed the order of U〉N-B〉F〉N-A. Built-up areas had an average p H value of 7.93, which was much higher than that in the new northern urban areas as well as in suburban agricultural land, due to the increased urban pollutant emissions. The average value of soil organic matter content in the whole study area was 34.69 g/kg, and the values in the new northern urban areas were much higher than those in the suburban agricultural land and built-up areas. For suburban agricultural land, soil organic matter content was significantly negatively correlated with χLF, and had no correlation with other magnetic parameters, since the soil was frequently ploughed. In the new northern urban areas（N-A and N-B）, there were significant positive correlations of soil organic matter contents with χARM, SIRM, SOFT and HIRM, because natural grasslands were not frequently turned over. For the built-up areas, soil organic matter contents were significantly positively correlated with χLF, χARM, SIRM and SOFT, but not significantly correlated with frequency-dependent susceptibility（χFD, expressed as a percentage） and HIRM, because the soil was not frequently turned over or influenced by human activities. The results showed that soil magnetic characteristics are related to the soil turnover time.展开更多
A novel class of powdery carbon aerogels（PCAs） has been developed by the union of microemulsion polymerization and hypercrosslinking, followed by carbonization. The resulting aerogels are in a microscale powdery for...A novel class of powdery carbon aerogels（PCAs） has been developed by the union of microemulsion polymerization and hypercrosslinking, followed by carbonization. The resulting aerogels are in a microscale powdery form, demonstrate a well-defined 3D interconnected nanonetwork with hierarchical pores derived from numerous interstitial nanopores and intraparticle micropores, and exhibit high surface area（up to 1969 m^2/g）. Benefiting from these structural features, PCAs show impressive capacitive performances when utilized as electrodes for organic electrolyte supercapacitors,including large capacitances of up to 152 F/g, high energy densities of 37-15 Wh/kg at power densities of 34–6750 W/kg, and robust cycling stability.展开更多
This article introduces the removal technology of CuO particles on the post CMP wafer surface of multi-layered copper. According to the Cu film corrosion curve with different concentrations of HEO2 and the effect curv...This article introduces the removal technology of CuO particles on the post CMP wafer surface of multi-layered copper. According to the Cu film corrosion curve with different concentrations of HEO2 and the effect curve of time on the growth rate of CuO film, CuO film with the thickness of 220 nm grown on Cu a surface was successfully prepared without the interference of CuC12.2H20. Using the static corrosion experiment the type of chelating agent （FA/O II type chelating agent） and the concentration range （10-100 ppm） for CuO removal was determined, and the Cu removal rate was close to zero. The effect of surfactant on the cleaning solution properties was studied, and results indicated that the surfactant has the effect of reducing the surface tension and viscosity of the cleaning solution, and making the cleaning agent more stable. The influence of different concentrations of FA/O I type surfactant and the mixing of FA/O II type chelating agent and FA/O I type surfactant on the CuO removal effect and the film surface state was analyzed. The experimental results indicated that when the concentration of FA/O I type surfactant was 50 ppm, CuO particles were quickly removed, and the surface state was obviously improved. The best removal effect of CuO on the copper wiring film surface was achieved with the cleaning agent ratio of FA/O II type chelating agent 75 ppm and FA/O I type surfactant 50 ppm. Finally, the organic residue on the copper pattern film after cleaning with that cleaning agent was detected, and the results showed that the cleaning used agent did not generate organic residues on the film surface, and effectively removes the organic residue on the water.展开更多
A novel, functionalized bubble surface can be obtained in dissolved air flotation （DAF） by dosing chemicals in the saturator. In this study, different cationic chemicals were used as bubble surface modifiers, and th...A novel, functionalized bubble surface can be obtained in dissolved air flotation （DAF） by dosing chemicals in the saturator. In this study, different cationic chemicals were used as bubble surface modifiers, and their effects on natural organic matter （NOM） removal from river water were investigated. NOM in the samples was fractionated based on molecular weight and hydrophobicity. The disinfection byproduct formation potentials of each fraction and their removal efficiencies were also evaluated. The results showed that chitosan was the most promising bubble modifier compared with a surfactant and a synthetic polymer. Tiny bubbles in the OAF pump system facilitated the adsorption of chitosan onto microbubble surfaces. The hydrophobic NOM fraction was preferentially removed by chitosan-modified bubbles. Decreasing the recycle water pH from 7.0 to 5.5 improved the removal of hydrophilic NOM with low molecular weight. Likewise, hydrophilic organic compounds gave high dihaloacetic acid yields in raw water. An enhanced reduction of haloacetic acid precursors was obtained with recycle water at pH values of 5.5 and 4.0. The experimental results indicate that NOM fractions may interact with bubbles through different mechanisms. Positive bubble modification provides an alternative approach for OAF to enhance NOM removal.展开更多
The surface organs mainly comprise the superficial layers of various parts of the mammalian body,including the skin,eyes,and ears,which provide solid protection against various threats to the entire body.Damage to sur...The surface organs mainly comprise the superficial layers of various parts of the mammalian body,including the skin,eyes,and ears,which provide solid protection against various threats to the entire body.Damage to surface organs could lead to many serious diseases or even death.Currently,despite significant advancements in this field,there remain numerous enigmas that necessitate expeditious resolution,particularly pertaining to diagnostic and therapeutic objectives.The advancements in nanomedicine have provided a significant impetus for the development of novel approaches in the diagnosis,bioimaging,and therapy of superficial organs.The aggregation-induced emission(AIE)phenomenon,initially observed by Prof.Ben Zhong Tang,stands out due to its contrasting behavior to the aggregationcaused quenching effect.This discovery has significantly revolutionized the field of nanomedicine for surface organs owing to its remarkable advantages.In this review of literature,we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of recent advances of AIE lumenogen(AIEgen)-based nanoplatforms in the fields of detection,diagnosis,imaging,and therapeutics of surface organ-related diseases and discuss their prospects in the domain.It is hoped that this review will help attract researchers’attention toward the utilization of this field for the exploration of a wider range of biomedical and clinical applications.展开更多
The development of methods to produce nanoparticles with unique properties via the aerosol route is progressing rapidly. Typical characterization techniques extract particles from the synthesis process for subsequent ...The development of methods to produce nanoparticles with unique properties via the aerosol route is progressing rapidly. Typical characterization techniques extract particles from the synthesis process for subsequent offiine analysis, which may alter the particle characteristics. In this work, we use laser-vaporization aerosol mass spectrometry （LV-AMS） with 70-eV electron ionization for real-time, in-situ nanoparticle characterization. The particle characteristics are examined for various aerosol synthesis methods, degrees of sintering, and for controlled condensation of organic material to simulate surface coating/functionalization. The LV-AMS is used to characterize several types of metal nanoparticles （Ag, Au, Pd, PdAg, Fe, Ni, and Cu）. The degree of oxidation of the Fe and Ni nanoparticles is found to increase with increased sintering temperature, while the surface organic-impurity content of the metal particles decreases with increased sintering temperature. For aggregate metal particles, the organic-impurity content is found to be similar to that of a monolayer. By comparing different equivalent-diameter measurements, we demonstrate that the LV-AMS can be used in tandem with a differential mobility analyzer to determine the compactness of synthesized metal particles, both during sintering and during material addition for surface functionalization. Further, materials supplied to the particle production line downstream of the particle generators are found to reach the generators as contaminants. The capacity for such in-situ observations is important, as it facilitates rapid response to undesired behavior within the particle production process. This study demonstrates the utility of real-time, in-situ aerosol mass spectrometric measurements to characterize metal nanoparticles obtained directly from the synthesis process line, including their chemical composition, shape, and contamination, providing the potential for effective optimization of process operating parameters.展开更多
In this article the Wells–Dawson polyoxometalate K_(6)[P_(2)W_(18)O_(62)]is grown as an interfacial layer between indium tin oxide and bulk heterojunction of poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)and[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric ac...In this article the Wells–Dawson polyoxometalate K_(6)[P_(2)W_(18)O_(62)]is grown as an interfacial layer between indium tin oxide and bulk heterojunction of poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)and[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM).The structure of the POM layers depends on the thickness and shows a highly anisotropic surface organization.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu province(No.BK2007586)Jiangsu Planned Projects(No.0701012B)for Postdoctoral Research Funds
文摘The surface organic modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with silane coupling reagent KH570 was studied.The modified and unmodified nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR,XPS and TEM.The spectra of FT-IR and XPS revealed that KH570 was coated onto the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to get Fe-O-Si bond and an organic coating layer also was formed.Fe3O4 nanoparticles were spheres partly with mean size of 18,8 nm studied by TEM,which was consistent with the result 17.9 nm calculated by Scherrer's equation.KH570 was adsorbed on surface and formed chemistry bond to be steric hindrance repulsion which prevented nanoparticles from reuniting.Then glycol-based Fe3O4 magnetic liquids dispersed stably was gained.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2019YFA0707003 and 2019YFE0114100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51872007)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. 7202094)。
文摘As the main distribution place of deep-level defects and the entrance of water, the interface is critical to determining both the power conversion efficiency(PCE) and the stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). Suitable interface design can dramatically passivate interface defects and optimize energy level alignment for suppressing the nonradiative recombination and effectively extracting the photogenerated carriers towards higher PCE. Meanwhile, a proper interface design can also block the interface diffusion of ions for high operational stability. Therefore, interface modification is of great significance to make the PSCs more efficient and stable. Upon optimized material choices, the three-dimensional halide perovskite graded junction layer, low-dimensional halide perovskite interface layer and organic salt passivation layer have been constructed on perovskite films for superior PSCs, yet a systematic review of them is missing. Thus, a guide and summary of recent advances in modulating the perovskite films interface is necessary for the further development of more efficient interface modification.
基金financially supported by the Chongqing Construction Project of Innovation Teams in Colleges and Universities-Petroleum Products Application Engineering and Technology(Project No.KJTD201342)the Chongqing Project of Innovation Research by Postgraduates(Project No.CYB16130)
文摘In order to investigate the influening factors of organic modification procedure and find out connections between organic modification and the properties of bentonite greases, organic montmorillonite(OMMT) thickeners with different surfactant dosages and constituents were synthesized through intercalation reaction between sodium montmorillonite(NaM MT) and quaternary ammonium surfactants in aqueous solvents. The lubricating greases were prepared with the resulting organoclays, while the penetration and oil separation of lubricating greases were evaluated, respectively. The surface modification process of montmorillonite(MMT) was analyzed and the thickening mechanism of OMMT was discussed in this study. The experimental results showed that, with an increasing amount of surfactant, the basal spacing between the clay platelets was increasing and the structure of modifier molecules layer in the interlayer was changing from lateral bilayer to paraffin-type bilayer. The optimal properties of lubricating greases were achieved, when the structure of surfactant molecules loaded in the interlayer was the paraffin-type monolayer, which meant that the dosage of modifier was equal to 120—140 mmol/(100g). Meanwhile, it was found that the thickening performance, colloid stability, anti-wear and friction-reducing performance of lubricating greases were improved, when the surfactants were mixed with octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(OTAC) and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(HTAC). And the optimum mole ratio of two surfactants is was 1:1.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No.2011CB403206No.2012CB416906National Key Technology R&D Program,No.2013BAC03B04
文摘Soil carbon sequestration and potential has been a focal issue in global carbon research. Under the background of global change, the estimation of the size as well as its change of soil organic carbon（SOC） storage is of great importance. Based on soil data from the second national soil survey and field survey during 2011–2012, by using the regression method between sampling soil data and remote sensing data, this paper aimed to investigate spatial distribution and changes of topsoil（0–20 cm） organic carbon storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s. The results showed that：（1） the SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s was estimated to be 2.05 and 2.17 Pg C, with an average density of 3.48 and 3.69 kg C·m–2, respectively. The SOC storage was mainly distributed in the typical steppe and meadow steppe, which accounted for over 98% of the total SOC storage. The spatial distribution showed a decreased trend from the meadow steppe, typical steppe to the desert steppe, corresponding to the temperature and precipitation gradient.（2） SOC changes during 1982–2012 were estimated to be 0.12 Pg C, at 7.00 g C·m–2·yr–1, which didn＇t show a significant change, indicating that SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia remained relatively stable over this period. However, topsoil organic carbon showed different trends of carbon source/sink during the past three decades. Meadow steppe and typical steppe had sequestered 0.15 and 0.03 Pg C, respectively, served as a carbon sink; while desert steppe lost 0.06 Pg C, served as a carbon source. It appears that SOC storage in grassland ecosystem may respond differently to climate change, related to vegetation type, regional climate type and grazing intensity. These results might give advice to decision makers on adopting suitable countermeasures for sustainable grassland utilization and protection.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171165, 41161029)the Importation and Development of High-Caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions (IDHT20130322)the Talent Strong School Plan of Funded Project of Beijing Union University (BPHR2012E01)
文摘Soil magnetic characteristics are correlated with soil p H and organic matter content. Analyzing soil magnetic characteristics, organic matter content and p H can indirectly evaluate soil pollution caused by human activities. This study analyzed the soil magnetic characteristics, organic matter content and p H in surface soil samples from different land use types in Shihezi city, a newly and rapidly developing oasis city in Xinjiang of China. The aims of this study were to explore the possible relationships among the soil magnetic parameters and thereby improve the understanding of influence of urbanization on soil properties. Eighty surface soil samples at the depth of 0–10 cm were collected from 29 July to 4 August 2013. The results showed that the magnetic minerals in surface soil were dominated by ferromagnetic minerals. Spatially, the magnetic susceptibility（χLF）, anhysteretic remanent magnetization susceptibility（χARM）, saturation isothermal remanent magnetization（SIRM） and ＂soft＂ isothermal remanent magnetization（SOFT） were found to be most dominant in the new northern urban area B（N-B）, followed by built-up areas（U）, suburban agricultural land（F）, and then the new northern urban area A（N-A）. The values of χLF, χARM, SIRM and SOFT were higher in the areas with high intensities of human activities and around the main roads. Meanwhile, the property ＂hard＂ isothermal remanent magnetization（HIRM） followed the order of U〉N-B〉F〉N-A. Built-up areas had an average p H value of 7.93, which was much higher than that in the new northern urban areas as well as in suburban agricultural land, due to the increased urban pollutant emissions. The average value of soil organic matter content in the whole study area was 34.69 g/kg, and the values in the new northern urban areas were much higher than those in the suburban agricultural land and built-up areas. For suburban agricultural land, soil organic matter content was significantly negatively correlated with χLF, and had no correlation with other magnetic parameters, since the soil was frequently ploughed. In the new northern urban areas（N-A and N-B）, there were significant positive correlations of soil organic matter contents with χARM, SIRM, SOFT and HIRM, because natural grasslands were not frequently turned over. For the built-up areas, soil organic matter contents were significantly positively correlated with χLF, χARM, SIRM and SOFT, but not significantly correlated with frequency-dependent susceptibility（χFD, expressed as a percentage） and HIRM, because the soil was not frequently turned over or influenced by human activities. The results showed that soil magnetic characteristics are related to the soil turnover time.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos 51372280,51422307, U1601206, 51702262)National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals, Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (No S2013050014408)+5 种基金Tip-top Scientific and Technical Innovative Youth Talents of Guangdong Special Support Program (No 2014TQ01C337)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. 15lgjc17, 3102017OQD057)the Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education (No. PCFM201602)the Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No. 2017JQ5003)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (No. B08040)National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB932400)
文摘A novel class of powdery carbon aerogels（PCAs） has been developed by the union of microemulsion polymerization and hypercrosslinking, followed by carbonization. The resulting aerogels are in a microscale powdery form, demonstrate a well-defined 3D interconnected nanonetwork with hierarchical pores derived from numerous interstitial nanopores and intraparticle micropores, and exhibit high surface area（up to 1969 m^2/g）. Benefiting from these structural features, PCAs show impressive capacitive performances when utilized as electrodes for organic electrolyte supercapacitors,including large capacitances of up to 152 F/g, high energy densities of 37-15 Wh/kg at power densities of 34–6750 W/kg, and robust cycling stability.
基金supported by the Major National Science and Technology Special Projects(No.2009ZX02308)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.E2013202247)the Fund Project of Hebei Provincial Department of Education,China(No.2011128)
文摘This article introduces the removal technology of CuO particles on the post CMP wafer surface of multi-layered copper. According to the Cu film corrosion curve with different concentrations of HEO2 and the effect curve of time on the growth rate of CuO film, CuO film with the thickness of 220 nm grown on Cu a surface was successfully prepared without the interference of CuC12.2H20. Using the static corrosion experiment the type of chelating agent （FA/O II type chelating agent） and the concentration range （10-100 ppm） for CuO removal was determined, and the Cu removal rate was close to zero. The effect of surfactant on the cleaning solution properties was studied, and results indicated that the surfactant has the effect of reducing the surface tension and viscosity of the cleaning solution, and making the cleaning agent more stable. The influence of different concentrations of FA/O I type surfactant and the mixing of FA/O II type chelating agent and FA/O I type surfactant on the CuO removal effect and the film surface state was analyzed. The experimental results indicated that when the concentration of FA/O I type surfactant was 50 ppm, CuO particles were quickly removed, and the surface state was obviously improved. The best removal effect of CuO on the copper wiring film surface was achieved with the cleaning agent ratio of FA/O II type chelating agent 75 ppm and FA/O I type surfactant 50 ppm. Finally, the organic residue on the copper pattern film after cleaning with that cleaning agent was detected, and the results showed that the cleaning used agent did not generate organic residues on the film surface, and effectively removes the organic residue on the water.
基金Acknowledgements This research is fimded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 51378141） and the Science and Technology Department of Heilongjiang Province, China （Grant No. PS13H05）. The authors would like to express thanks to their friends operating the Huainan first water treatment plant for their generous support. Sincerest thanks also to the staff at the Central Laboratory of Huainan Capital Water for their support in water sample analysis.
文摘A novel, functionalized bubble surface can be obtained in dissolved air flotation （DAF） by dosing chemicals in the saturator. In this study, different cationic chemicals were used as bubble surface modifiers, and their effects on natural organic matter （NOM） removal from river water were investigated. NOM in the samples was fractionated based on molecular weight and hydrophobicity. The disinfection byproduct formation potentials of each fraction and their removal efficiencies were also evaluated. The results showed that chitosan was the most promising bubble modifier compared with a surfactant and a synthetic polymer. Tiny bubbles in the OAF pump system facilitated the adsorption of chitosan onto microbubble surfaces. The hydrophobic NOM fraction was preferentially removed by chitosan-modified bubbles. Decreasing the recycle water pH from 7.0 to 5.5 improved the removal of hydrophilic NOM with low molecular weight. Likewise, hydrophilic organic compounds gave high dihaloacetic acid yields in raw water. An enhanced reduction of haloacetic acid precursors was obtained with recycle water at pH values of 5.5 and 4.0. The experimental results indicate that NOM fractions may interact with bubbles through different mechanisms. Positive bubble modification provides an alternative approach for OAF to enhance NOM removal.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82102904the Science,Technology&Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality,Grant/Award Number:JCYJ20210324113405014+1 种基金Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project,Grant/Award Number:2021SK5001Natural Science and Health Bureau of Hunan Province,Grant/Award Number:2021JJ70136。
文摘The surface organs mainly comprise the superficial layers of various parts of the mammalian body,including the skin,eyes,and ears,which provide solid protection against various threats to the entire body.Damage to surface organs could lead to many serious diseases or even death.Currently,despite significant advancements in this field,there remain numerous enigmas that necessitate expeditious resolution,particularly pertaining to diagnostic and therapeutic objectives.The advancements in nanomedicine have provided a significant impetus for the development of novel approaches in the diagnosis,bioimaging,and therapy of superficial organs.The aggregation-induced emission(AIE)phenomenon,initially observed by Prof.Ben Zhong Tang,stands out due to its contrasting behavior to the aggregationcaused quenching effect.This discovery has significantly revolutionized the field of nanomedicine for surface organs owing to its remarkable advantages.In this review of literature,we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of recent advances of AIE lumenogen(AIEgen)-based nanoplatforms in the fields of detection,diagnosis,imaging,and therapeutics of surface organ-related diseases and discuss their prospects in the domain.It is hoped that this review will help attract researchers’attention toward the utilization of this field for the exploration of a wider range of biomedical and clinical applications.
文摘The development of methods to produce nanoparticles with unique properties via the aerosol route is progressing rapidly. Typical characterization techniques extract particles from the synthesis process for subsequent offiine analysis, which may alter the particle characteristics. In this work, we use laser-vaporization aerosol mass spectrometry （LV-AMS） with 70-eV electron ionization for real-time, in-situ nanoparticle characterization. The particle characteristics are examined for various aerosol synthesis methods, degrees of sintering, and for controlled condensation of organic material to simulate surface coating/functionalization. The LV-AMS is used to characterize several types of metal nanoparticles （Ag, Au, Pd, PdAg, Fe, Ni, and Cu）. The degree of oxidation of the Fe and Ni nanoparticles is found to increase with increased sintering temperature, while the surface organic-impurity content of the metal particles decreases with increased sintering temperature. For aggregate metal particles, the organic-impurity content is found to be similar to that of a monolayer. By comparing different equivalent-diameter measurements, we demonstrate that the LV-AMS can be used in tandem with a differential mobility analyzer to determine the compactness of synthesized metal particles, both during sintering and during material addition for surface functionalization. Further, materials supplied to the particle production line downstream of the particle generators are found to reach the generators as contaminants. The capacity for such in-situ observations is important, as it facilitates rapid response to undesired behavior within the particle production process. This study demonstrates the utility of real-time, in-situ aerosol mass spectrometric measurements to characterize metal nanoparticles obtained directly from the synthesis process line, including their chemical composition, shape, and contamination, providing the potential for effective optimization of process operating parameters.
基金the région Ile de France and the DIM Nano-K for funding the PhD grant to Qirong ZhuJ.E.Rault was funded by CEA PhD grants and by the Labex PALM APTCOM project.
文摘In this article the Wells–Dawson polyoxometalate K_(6)[P_(2)W_(18)O_(62)]is grown as an interfacial layer between indium tin oxide and bulk heterojunction of poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)and[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM).The structure of the POM layers depends on the thickness and shows a highly anisotropic surface organization.
