Background Selenium(Se)is an essential soil mineral that can be incorporated into animal feedstuffs.Because of a lack of soil Se in some regions,organic or inorganic supplementation strategies must be implemented to p...Background Selenium(Se)is an essential soil mineral that can be incorporated into animal feedstuffs.Because of a lack of soil Se in some regions,organic or inorganic supplementation strategies must be implemented to prevent deficiencies and promote optimal ovine health.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to assess how inorganic versus organic Se supplementation influenced ewe Se status and immune function during late gestation and postpartum.Dorset Rideau ewes(n=110)were fed a Se deficient diet from gestation d 110 through postpartum d 49 and received one of four daily oral Se treatments diluted in 5 mL of sugar water:0 mg Se,0.3 mg inorganic Se,0.3 mg organic Se,and 0.6 mg organic Se.Throughout the trial,the ewes received various immune challenges,including intramuscular immunizations with a novel antigen(ovalbumin;OVA)on trial d 0 and 10,an intradermal OVA challenge on d 20,and a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)endotoxin challenge on trial d 49.Results The organic Se treatment groups had higher serum Se concentrations on most trial days compared to the 0.3 mg inorganic and control groups(P<0.05).No significant treatment differences were found for the dermal hypersensitivity response to OVA,anti-OVA antibody response,glutathione peroxidase activity,cytokine response,cortisol response,or rectal temperature(P>0.05).However,4 h post-LPS injection,the serum albumin concentration was significantly lower in the 0.3 mg inorganic group compared to both organic Se groups,potentially indicating a higher degree of inflammation in the ewes supplemented with the inorganic Se.Conclusions The results of this study indicate that organic Se supplementation can promote a higher Se status in ewes over time,but Se supplementation during this study period did not affect tested immunological parameters.This lack of difference in immune responsiveness between groups may be due to an absence of true serum Se deficiencies in the Se-deficient group or the levels of Se supplementation being insufficient to significantly improve immunocompetence.展开更多
Investigating the biological processes of iron(Fe)homeostasis is crucial for comprehending crop genetic improvement,which in turn helps address human malnutrition.This study utilized phenotyping,ionomics,and transcrip...Investigating the biological processes of iron(Fe)homeostasis is crucial for comprehending crop genetic improvement,which in turn helps address human malnutrition.This study utilized phenotyping,ionomics,and transcriptome analysis to uncover the regulatory mechanism of Fe homeostasis in rice under different Fe concentrations and during Fe supplementation.Our results showed both Fe deficiency and excess impede rice growth,with Fe excess exerting a more severe impact,particularly on the roots.The decrease in crown roots under excessive Fe conditions likely serves as an adaptive mechanism to counteract Fe toxicity.Transcriptomic analysis identified 4652 differentially expressed genes affected by Fe stress and supplementation.When Fe is supplemented to Fe-deficient rice,there are upregulations in the expression of genes related to Fe ion concentration and Fe homeostasis at 10 min and 2 h after supplementation,respectively,along with a brief downregulation at 30 min.This indicated a protective mechanism in the roots during Fe uptake.Notably,shoots with a lack of Fe accumulation did not show re-entry of Fe after supplementation,and there was a sustained downregulation of Fe-regulated genes.This suggests that the signaling from roots to shoots influences the response of shoots to Fe supplementation in rice.The molecular changes in Fe homeostasis discovered in this study can contribute to the improvement of rice.展开更多
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)in patients with surgically altered anatomy remains a challenging field in therapeutic endoscopy due to the complex anatomical reconstructions that limit access to t...Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)in patients with surgically altered anatomy remains a challenging field in therapeutic endoscopy due to the complex anatomical reconstructions that limit access to the biliary tree.Over the past two decades,device-assisted enteroscopy(DAE),including singleballoon,double-balloon,and motorized spiral enteroscopy,has expanded the feasibility of ERCP in this population,with overall technical success rates generally reported between 70%and 90%.Nevertheless,these techniques are technically demanding,time-consuming,and frequently affected by limited reach and unstable positioning.More recently,interventional endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided procedures have emerged as highly effective alternatives,significantly improving clinical outcomes in selected patients,particularly in those with long-limb Roux-en-Y reconstructions where conventional methods are less effective.Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage continues to represent a valuable salvage option when endoscopic approaches fail,though it is associated with a greater burden of reinterventions and adverse events.This minireview provides a comprehensive overview of the main endoscopic strategies for biliary drainage in altered anatomy,focusing on technical considerations,efficacy,and safety profiles of DAE-assisted ERCP,EUS-guided interventions,and motorized systems.The evolving landscape of biliary drainage in this setting highlights the need for tailored treatment strategies,multidisciplinary collaboration,referral to high-volume centers,and further prospective studies to refine patient selection and optimize clinical outcomes.展开更多
Background:Ex vivo lung perfusion(EVLP)has emerged as a critical technique for lung preservation and evaluation prior to transplantation.While conventional rat EVLP systems utilize closed-loop dual cannulation of pulm...Background:Ex vivo lung perfusion(EVLP)has emerged as a critical technique for lung preservation and evaluation prior to transplantation.While conventional rat EVLP systems utilize closed-loop dual cannulation of pulmonary artery(PA)and vein,the effect of the simplified model using single PA cannulation with passive venous drainage is unknown.Methods:We developed two EVLP models in rats:a semi-closed circuit with PA-only cannulation and left atrial incision for passive venous drainage(SC-EVLP),and a closed circuit employing both arterial and venous cannulation(C-EVLP).Donor lungs were perfused for a defined duration and subsequently orthotopically transplanted.We evaluated pulmonary function parameters,histopathological injury scores,inflammatory cytokine levels,and apoptotic marker expression at the end of perfusion and posttransplantation.Results:Compared to the conventional EVLP,the SC-EVLP group exhibited significantly lower PA pressure and improved dynamic lung compliance throughout perfusion.Although the levels of tumor necrosis factor-αin the perfusate were higher in the SC-EVLP group,other cytokine levels in the perfusate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exhibited no significant differences.Pulmonary edema was reduced in the SC-EVLP group,as indicated by a lower lung wet-to-dry ratio.After transplantation,lungs from the SC-EVLP group exhibited lower histological injury scores,reduced apoptosis,and decreased serum cytokine levels,suggesting attenuated inflammation and tissue damage.Conclusions:In a rat model,single PA cannulation with passive venous drainage reduced pulmonary edema during EVLP and reduced lung injury and systemic inflammation after transplantation.展开更多
Bcakground: Pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) is a common complication arising from acute or chronic pancreatitis, trauma, or pancreatic duct obstruction. When acute fluid collection persists for 4 - 6 weeks and is encapsul...Bcakground: Pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) is a common complication arising from acute or chronic pancreatitis, trauma, or pancreatic duct obstruction. When acute fluid collection persists for 4 - 6 weeks and is encapsulated by a fibrous wall, it is classified as a pancreatic pseudocyst. While PPC is generally asymptomatic in many patients, it can manifest with persistent abdominal pain, dyspepsia, intra-cystic infection, and potentially lead to gastrointestinal obstruction in some cases. Although smaller PPCs may resolve spontaneously, larger PPCs tend to be refractory to absorption and often necessitate surgical intervention to prevent complications such as intracystic hemorrhage. Objective: To explore the efficacy of percutaneous catheterization with negative pressure in the treatment of large pancreatic pseudocysts. Methods: The cases of large pancreatic pseudocysts treated in our hospital from 2004 to 2022 were retrospectively collected, and the general condition, operation time, drainage time, feeding time, postoperative complications, hospital stay, cost and follow-up of the patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 132 patients with large pancreatic pseudocysts were collected. The average operation time was 32.4 ± 2.1 min;The retention time of the drainage tube was 30 ± 1.8 days in the percutaneous negative pressure drainage group;The postoperative feeding time was no fasting after local anesthesia drainage;Postoperative complications (bleeding, infection, pancreatic leakage, recurrence, anastomotic leakage, etc.): Two of the 132 patients had recurrent cysts, which were cured by re-puncture and negative pressure drainage. The length of hospital stay was 6 ± 1.1 days;The cost was 11,200 ± 1300 yuan;Follow-up: The follow-up time ranged from 1 to 3 years, and the patients had no discomfort. Conclusion: Percutaneous catheterization and negative pressure drainage can effectively treat large pancreatic pseudocysts. Compared with other treatment methods, it is simple and effective, the postoperative recovery of patients is faster, the physical damage is less, the hospital stay is shorter, and the cost is lower.展开更多
Although time-dependent deformation of geomaterials underpins slope-failure prediction models,the influence of strain rate on shearing strength and deformation behavior of loess remains unclear.The consolidated undrai...Although time-dependent deformation of geomaterials underpins slope-failure prediction models,the influence of strain rate on shearing strength and deformation behavior of loess remains unclear.The consolidated undrained(CU)and drained(CD)triaxial testing elucidated the impact of strain rate(0.005–0.3 mm/min)on strength envelopes,deformation moduli,pore pressures,and dilatancy characteristics of unsaturated and quasi-saturated loess.Under drained conditions with a controlled matric suction of 50 kPa,increasing strain rates from 0.005 mm/min to 0.011 mm/min induced decreases in failure deviatoric stress(qf),initial deformation modulus(Ei),and cohesion(c),while friction angles remained unaffected.Specimens displayed initial contractive volumetric strains transitioning to dilation across varying confining pressures.Higher rates diminished contractive volumetric strains and drainage volumes,indicating reduced densification and strength in the shear zone.Under undrained conditions,both unsaturated and quasi-saturated(pore pressure coefficient B=0.75)loess exhibited deteriorating mechanical properties with increasing rates from 0.03 mm/min to 0.3 mm/min.For unsaturated loess,reduced contractive volumetric strains at higher rates manifested relatively looser structures in the pre-peak stress phase.The strength decrement in quasi-saturated loess arose from elevated excess porewater pressures diminishing effective stresses.Negative porewater pressures emerged in quasi-saturated loess at lower confining pressures and strain rates.Compared to previous studies,the qf and Ei exhibited rate sensitivity below threshold values before attaining minima with marginal subsequent influence.The underlying mechanism mirrors the transition from creep to accelerated deformation phase of landslides.展开更多
BACKGROUND Common bile duct stones pose a high risk of recurrence or disease progression if not promptly treated.However,there is still no optimal treatment approach.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of modifie...BACKGROUND Common bile duct stones pose a high risk of recurrence or disease progression if not promptly treated.However,there is still no optimal treatment approach.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of modified pancreatic duct stent drainage in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)for treating common bile duct stones.METHODS This retrospective study included 175 patients with common bile duct stones treated at Taizhou Fourth People’s Hospital between January 1,2021,and November 30,2023.The patients were divided into three groups-the modified pancreatic duct stent drainage group(59 cases),the nasobiliary drainage group(58 cases),and the standard biliary drainage group(58 cases).Preoperative general clinical data,laboratory indicators,and the visual analog scale(VAS)at two time points(24 hours before and after surgery)were compared,along with postoperative complications across the three groups.RESULTS Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,gamma-glutamyltransferase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,Creactive protein,and amylase were significantly lower in the modified pancreatic duct stent drainage group and the standard biliary drainage group than those in the nasobiliary drainage group(P<0.05).However,no statistically significant differences were observed in white blood cells,hemoglobin,or neutrophil levels among the three groups(P>0.05).The standard biliary drainage group had significantly lower VAS scores[(4.36±1.18)points]than those for the modified pancreatic duct stent drainage group[(4.92±1.68)points](P=0.033),and the nasobiliary drainage group[(5.54±1.24)points](P=0.017).There were no statistically significant differences in complication rates across the three groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Compared to standard biliary drainage and nasobiliary drainage,the modified pancreatic duct stent used during ERCP for patients with bile duct stones significantly reduced hepatocyte injury,improved liver function parameters,alleviated inflammation and pain,enhanced patient comfort,and demonstrated superior safety.展开更多
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is considered the gold standard for treating benign and malignant biliary obstructions.However,its use in complex biliary obstructions is limited.Over the past decades,th...Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is considered the gold standard for treating benign and malignant biliary obstructions.However,its use in complex biliary obstructions is limited.Over the past decades,therapeutic endosonography(EUS)and emerging technologies such as lumen-apposing metal stents have enabled endoscopic treatment of conditions previously requiring nonendoscopic or surgical approaches.Studies show that EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy is a reliable alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the treatment of distal malignant biliary obstructions and can be considered a primary drainage modality in centers with adequate expertise.For malignant hilar biliary obstructions,draining at least 50%of viable liver tissue often requires combining different modalities.The treatment strategy in these patients should be individualized,depending on the Bismuth classification,patient physical status,and intended systemic therapy.Due to the lack of evidence,general recommendations cannot be made for EUS-guided hepaticoduodenostomy or combined procedures with transhepatic bridging stents.These novel techniques should be limited to selected palliative cases where conventional methods have failed and conducted within clinical trials to generate evidence before broader application.展开更多
BACKGROUND A case study of multiple distinct levels of skipped thoracolumbar spine infection was reported in which 13 successful vacuum sealing drainage(VSD)surgeries were treated.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent a ...BACKGROUND A case study of multiple distinct levels of skipped thoracolumbar spine infection was reported in which 13 successful vacuum sealing drainage(VSD)surgeries were treated.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent a total of 13 procedures within our medical facility,including five performed under local anesthesia and eight performed under general anesthesia.The source of the ailment was ultimately identified as Enterobacter cloacae.After the last procedure,the patient's symptoms were alleviated,and the recovery process was satisfactory.Three months post-operation,the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores had improved to 100%.Imageological examination revealed a satisfactory position of internal fixation,and the abnormal signals in the vertebral body and intervertebral space had been eliminated when compared to the pre-operative results.CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that the extreme lateral approach debridement combined with multiple VSD operations is a secure and successful method of treatment for recurrent spinal infection,providing an alternative to traditional surgery.展开更多
BACKGROUND Severe acute cholangitis is a potentially life-threatening disease in low-middle income countries(LMIC).Due to limited endoscopic services,these patients mostly undergo percutaneous transhepatic biliary dra...BACKGROUND Severe acute cholangitis is a potentially life-threatening disease in low-middle income countries(LMIC).Due to limited endoscopic services,these patients mostly undergo percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD).Studies from developed countries reported more complications with PTBD as compared with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).AIM To compare safety,therapeutic success,and survival among the PTBD and ERCP procedure in severe cholangitis in LMIC.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in the Aga Khan University Hospital from January 2017 to December 2023.All patients who had severe acute cholangitis and underwent ERCP or PTBD were included.Patients were followed for complications,procedure success,and mortality.Data was gathered through an electronic medical record system and analyzed usingχ²and two sample t-tests.RESULTS A total of 33 patients were recruited,consisting of 12 females and 21 males with a mean age of 61 years.Among these participants,12 patients underwent ERCP,and the remaining 21 patients underwent PTBD.Therapeutic success was seen more in the ERCP group[11/12(97.1%)]than in the PTBD group[12/21 patients(57.1%)].Post-procedure complications were seen in both groups;however,more were observed in the PTBD cohort with a significant P value of 0.02.There were no mortalities among the patients who underwent ERCP while 5(23.8%)mortalities were seen in the PTBD group.CONCLUSION Fewer post-procedure complications and deaths were observed after ERCP than after PTBD,laying the foundation for large prospective studies and shifting the local paradigm of acute cholangitis treatment in LMICs.展开更多
Objective: This study aims to investigate the drainage effect and clinical outcomes of negative pressure chest drainage in patients after two-port thoracoscopic valve surgery, comparing the differences in postoperativ...Objective: This study aims to investigate the drainage effect and clinical outcomes of negative pressure chest drainage in patients after two-port thoracoscopic valve surgery, comparing the differences in postoperative pain, hospital stay, and other factors between the negative pressure group and the control group. Methods: This study is a prospective controlled trial that selected patients undergoing two-port thoracoscopic valve surgery at a certain hospital from January 2019 to December 2024. Patients were randomly assigned to the control group and the negative pressure group using a random number table method. The control group consisted of 30 patients (20 males, 10 females, mean age 42.03 ± 12.89 years), and the negative pressure group consisted of 35 patients (26 males, 9 females, mean age 41.84 ± 11.83 years). The control group received traditional chest drainage, while the negative pressure group received negative pressure chest drainage. Postoperative pain scores, hospital stay, drainage time, number of tube blockages, and incidences of pneumothorax or subcutaneous emphysema were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: The negative pressure group had a significantly shorter postoperative drainage time compared to the control group (49.09 ± 11.99 hours vs. 79.10 ± 7.32 hours, P < 0.001). The postoperative pain score was lower in the negative pressure group (4.49 ± 1.27 vs. 7.03 ± 0.85, P < 0.001), and the hospital stay was significantly shorter (9.83 ± 1.69 days vs. 14.73 ± 2.32 days, P < 0.001). The incidence of pneumothorax or subcutaneous emphysema was significantly lower in the negative pressure group than in the control group (14.29% vs. 56.67%, P = 0.0003). Conclusion: The application of negative pressure chest drainage in patients after two-port thoracoscopic valve surgery can effectively reduce postoperative pain, shorten hospital stay, and lower the incidence of tube blockage and pneumothorax, demonstrating good clinical outcomes.展开更多
Background The creatine-creatine kinase-phosphocreatine(Cr-CK-PCr)system maintains intracellular ratios of ATP/ADP for support of cellular functions and has been characterized at the placental-uterine interface of rod...Background The creatine-creatine kinase-phosphocreatine(Cr-CK-PCr)system maintains intracellular ratios of ATP/ADP for support of cellular functions and has been characterized at the placental-uterine interface of rodents,primates,swine and sheep,and thus may support fetal development.This study determined effects of dietary supplementation of creatine(Cr)to gestating gilts on fetal development,the number and ratio of primary and secondary muscle fibers,and on protein expression in endometrium and fetal biceps-femoris muscle,respectively in fetal pigs on d 60 and d 90 of gestation.Methods Reproductively mature gilts were synchronized to estrus using Matrix,observed for estrus(d 0),and artificially inseminated 12 h and 36 h later.Gilts were individually housed and fed 0.86 kg of 14%crude protein diet twice daily that meets nutritional requirements for pregnant gilts.Gilts were assigned to either basal diet control(CON)group,or Cr supplemented group(provided 30 g Cr monohydrate daily)from d 10 to either d 60 or d 90 of gestation.Gilts were euthanized and hysterectomized on either d 60 or d 90 of gestation.These protocols were completed in two replicates,as gilts were bred in spring and euthanized in summer or bred in fall and euthanized in winter(n=20 gilts/replicate).Litter size,crown-rump length,sex,and fetal weight was recorded.Three female and male fetuses closest to mean litter weight were selected to assess effects of treatment on weight of fetal brain,kidney,liver,spleen,and biceps-femoris muscle.Data were analyzed to determine effects of treatment,days of gestation,replicate,and sex on litter size,fetal measurements,and incidence of intrauterine growth restriction.Results Dietary Cr supplementation increased fetal brain weight to body weight ratios on d 90 of gestation(P<0.05)and fetal kidney weight to body weight ratios on d 60 of gestation(P<0.01),while days of gestation had significant effect on expression of mitochondrial CK isoform in gilt endometria(P<0.05).Conclusions Results suggest that dietary supplementation of Cr in gestating gilts enhanced development of select fetal organs and contribute to understanding roles of the Cr-CK-PCr system in pregnancy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Historically intraoperative drains were employed after pancreatic surgery but over the last decade,there has been debate over the routine usage of drains.AIM To assess the necessity of intra-abdominal drain...BACKGROUND Historically intraoperative drains were employed after pancreatic surgery but over the last decade,there has been debate over the routine usage of drains.AIM To assess the necessity of intra-abdominal drain placement,identify the most effective drain type,and determine the optimal timing for drain removal.METHODS A systematic review of electronic databases,including PubMed,MEDLINE,PubMed Central,and Google Scholar,was conducted using Medical Subject Headings and keywords until December 2023.From an initial pool of 1910 articles,48 were included after exclusion and screening.The primary outcomes analyzed were clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula(CR-POPF),delayed gastric emptying(DGE),overall morbidity,and mortality.Subgroup analyses were performed for pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy.RESULTS Routine use of drains is associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of CR-POPF and DGE.Conversely,patients who did not have drains placed experienced a significant reduction in morbidity,readmission rates,and reoperations.No significant differences were observed between active and passive drain types.Early drain removal(<3 days)yielded favorable outcomes compared to delayed removal.CONCLUSION Analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies did not demonstrate an advantage of routine drain placement following pancreatic resection,potentially contributing to increased morbidity and mortality.The decision to use drains should be left to the discretion of the operating surgeon.However,early drain removal can substantially reduce morbidity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bile duct leaks(BDLs)are serious postsurgical adverse events.Typically,conservative management with ab-dominal drainage is the initial treatment option.However,prolonged abdominal drainage without improveme...BACKGROUND Bile duct leaks(BDLs)are serious postsurgical adverse events.Typically,conservative management with ab-dominal drainage is the initial treatment option.However,prolonged abdominal drainage without improvement can lead to biliary stricture and delay the optimal timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).AIM To identify the optimal timing for ERCP and the period during which clinical observation with conservative management is acceptable,balancing ERCP success and the risk of biliary strictures.METHODS We conducted a multicenter retrospective study involving 448 patients with BDLs between November 2002 and November 2022.The patients were divided into four groups based on the timing of ERCP:3 days,7 days,14 days,and 21 days.The primary outcome was clinical success,defined as the resolution of BDL and related symptoms within 6 months without additional percutaneous drainage,surgery,or death.The secondary outcome was incidence of biliary strictures.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with ERCP success and biliary stricture occurrence.RESULTS In a cohort of 448 consecutive patients diagnosed with BDLs,354 were excluded,leaving 94 patients who underwent ERCP.Clinical success was achieved in 84%of cases(79/94),with a median ERCP timing of 20 days(9.5-35.3 days).Biliary strictures were identified in 29(30.9%)patients.Performing ERCP within 3 weeks,compared to after 3 weeks,was associated with higher success rates[92.0%(46/50)vs 75.0%(33/44),P=0.032]and a lower incidence of biliary stricture incidence[18.0%(9/50)vs 45.5%(20/44),P=0.005].Subsequent multivariate analysis confirmed the association with higher success rates(odds ratio=4.168,P=0.045)and lower biliary stricture rates(odds ratio=0.256,P=0.007).CONCLUSION Performing ERCP for BDLs within 3 weeks may be associated with a higher success rate and a lower biliary stricture rate.If patients with BDLs do not respond to conservative treatment,ERCP is suggested to be performed within 3 weeks.展开更多
Hydrogel has developed into a very important platform in solar interface evaporator.However,the current hydrogel evaporators are usually three-dimensional evaporators,which will consume a lot of raw materials.Thus,a n...Hydrogel has developed into a very important platform in solar interface evaporator.However,the current hydrogel evaporators are usually three-dimensional evaporators,which will consume a lot of raw materials.Thus,a new two-dimensional hydrogel evaporator is urgently needed to alleviate this problem.Here,a double layer hydrogel evaporator was designed by twice vacuum filtration.Furthermore,through the arched design and the introduction of concentrated brine drainage system,the hydrogel evaporator has enhanced water transportation and tailored water transportation path.Such a unique drainage evaporation system greatly improves the stability of the evaporator.Thereby,a good balance is established between photothermal conversion and water supply,and solar energy is utilized efficiently.It can remain stable in continuous evaporation for up to 12 h with an excellent evaporation rate of 2.70 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1 sun irradiation.Meanwhile,the drainage system realized the 1.8×10^(-10)mol m^(-2)s^(-1)diffusion flux of concentrated brine.Through one-time freeze-drying preparation,an arch-shaped drainage evaporator was used to prepare an evaporation area of more than 20 cm^(2).With the self-made condensate collecting device in outdoor environment,the fresh water yield reaches 7.5 L m^(-2)d^(-1).This provides a new scheme for building a new hydrogel evaporator and solving the fresh water crisis.展开更多
Bioactive peptides have various excellent biological activities and serve as functional foods to prevent chronic diseases in the human body.This article investigated the regulatory effect of egg white peptides(EPs)on ...Bioactive peptides have various excellent biological activities and serve as functional foods to prevent chronic diseases in the human body.This article investigated the regulatory effect of egg white peptides(EPs)on the intestine barrier of young mice with colitis.The results showed that the intake of EPs could protect the intestines from inflammation damage.Besides,the expression of tight junction proteins and mucin is upregulated.Markedly,the intake of EPs can increase the concentration of amino acids in the serum of young mice,which is crucial for nutritional supplementation during intestinal inflammation process.Proteomics analysis implied that EPs can regulate protein expression in the intestine,involving multiple inflammatory pathways including phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(AKT)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway.This demonstrated the health benefits of bioactive peptides and provides a theoretical basis for the development of animal derived proteins as functional foods.展开更多
This study evaluates the effectiveness of microwave technology in producing activated carbon from lemongrass waste,an underutilized agricultural byproduct.Microwave-assisted production offers faster heating,lower ener...This study evaluates the effectiveness of microwave technology in producing activated carbon from lemongrass waste,an underutilized agricultural byproduct.Microwave-assisted production offers faster heating,lower energy consumption,and better process control compared to conventionalmethods.It also enhances pore development,resulting in larger,cleaner,and more uniform pores,making the activated carbon more effective for adsorption.The microwave-assisted process significantly accelerates production,reducing the required time to just 10 min at a power of 400 W.Activated carbon derived from lemongrass waste at 400 W exhibits a water absorption capacity of 7.88%,ash content of 5.51%,volatile matter of 6.96%,fixed carbon of 75.79%,and an iodine number of 790.97 g iodine/100 g.Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)analysis confirms the formation of larger,cleaner,and smoother pores,contributing to increased porosity and pore size.Additionally,Energy Dispersive X-ray(EDX)analysis identifies key elements in the lemongrass waste,with carbon being the dominant component at 75.57%.The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area is measured at 818 m^(2)/g,with an average pore diameter of 1.91 nm,classifying the material as microporous.The activated carbon,meeting quality standards,is applied as an adsorbent in acid mine drainage(AMD)treatment,with varying mass concentrations introduced intowastewater samples.Adsorption tests confirmthat the microparticle carbon adsorption profile follows the Langmuir model,indicating a monolayer adsorption process.Furthermore,adsorption kineticswere analyzed over different time intervals,revealing that the process alignswith both pseudo-first-order(PFO)and pseudo-second-order(PSO)models,with all cases predominantly following the PFO rate equation.展开更多
Coastal cities in Vietnam face increasing urban flooding vulnerability due to climate change-induced extreme pre-cipitation.This study evaluates the response capacity of urban drainage systems,using Vung Tau City as a...Coastal cities in Vietnam face increasing urban flooding vulnerability due to climate change-induced extreme pre-cipitation.This study evaluates the response capacity of urban drainage systems,using Vung Tau City as a case study.We employed a comprehensive approach,combining Intensity-Duration-Frequency(IDF)curve analysis with hydrodynamic modeling,to assess drainage performance under current and projected rainfall intensities.A significant rainfall event on June 19,2020(54.4 mm in 3 h,peaking at 42 mm/h),which exceeded the 5-year return period design(TCVN 7957:2008),caused widespread flooding(25-50 cm depths).Design rainfall hyetographs for 2,5,and 10-year return periods(TCVN 7957:2008)were developed.Results show that under more extreme scenarios,flooded areas increase significantly,with depths up to 1.05 m in the 10-year scenario and prolonged durations due to stormwater routing through regulatory lakes.The analysis reveals the current infrastructure meets only 64%of the 5-year return period demands and merely 41% for a 10-year period.This research highlights the urgent need for enhanced flood management in Vung Tau and similar coastal cities,suggesting upgrades to drainage capacity,implementation of sustainable urban drainage systems,and improved early warning.These insights are valuable for developing climate-resilient infrastructure.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver abscess is a serious hepatic infectious disease for which percutaneous drainage has become the preferred treatment method due to its minimally invasive advantages.With the rising prevalence of non-alc...BACKGROUND Liver abscess is a serious hepatic infectious disease for which percutaneous drainage has become the preferred treatment method due to its minimally invasive advantages.With the rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease reaching 29.2%in Chinese adults,the number of patients with liver abscess combined with fatty liver has shown a significant increasing trend clinically.AIM To analyze risk factors affecting prognosis after percutaneous drainage in liver abscess patients with fatty liver.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 165 liver abscess patients with fatty liver who underwent percutaneous drainage from January 2020 to April 2024.Patients were divided into good prognosis(n=121,73.3%)and poor prognosis groups(n=44,26.7%)based on 30-day outcomes.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors.RESULTS The poor prognosis group had older age(65.2±11.8 years vs 56.1±11.9 years,P<0.001),higher diabetes prevalence(70.5%vs 47.2%,P=0.008),elevated inflammatory markers,and lower serum albumin(26.8±4.2 g/L vs 32.1±5.6 g/L,P<0.001).Moderate-to-severe fatty liver was more prevalent in the poor prognosis group(68.2%vs 38.0%,P=0.001).Multivariate analysis identified five independent risk factors:Age≥65 years(OR=2.847,P=0.007),diabetes history(OR=3.124,P=0.003),abscess diameter≥8 cm(OR=2.591,P=0.015),serum albumin<30 g/L(OR=3.456,P=0.001),and moderate-to-severe fatty liver(OR=2.213,P=CONCLUSION)Advanced age,diabetes history,large abscess,hypoalbuminemia,and moderate-to-severe fatty liver are independent risk factors for poor prognosis after percutaneous drainage in liver abscess patients with fatty liver.展开更多
Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)via green method is an outstanding alternative to conventional/regular methods;however,the safety or toxicity of the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs in vivo is not fully explored.T...Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)via green method is an outstanding alternative to conventional/regular methods;however,the safety or toxicity of the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs in vivo is not fully explored.This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficiency of cinnamaldehyde-loaded chitosan nanoparticles(Cin@CSNPs)against oxidative damage and genotoxicity of ZnO-NPs in mice.ZnO-NPs were biosynthesized using the extract of fresh leaves of Mentha pulegium L.Cin was extracted from cinnamon essential oil,and was loaded into chitosan nanoparticle(Cin@CSNPs).Both ZnO-NPs,Cin@CSNPs and CSNPs were characterized.The in vitro release of Cin@CSNPs was determined.In the biological study,6 groups of male BALB/c mice were treated by gavage for 3 weeks as follows,control group,the group received ZnO-NPs(25 mg/kg b.w),the groups received Cin@CSNPs at low dose(50 mg/kg b.w)or high dose(100 mg/kg b.w),and the groups received ZnO-NPs plus Cin@CSNPs at the 2 tested doses.Blood and tissue samples were collected for different biochemical,genetical and histological studies.The particle size of ZnO-NPs,CSNPs,and Cin@CSNPs were(20.78±2.60),(170.0±3.7),and(218.23±2.90)nm,andξ-potential were(32.7±4.6),(8.32±0.27)and(4.80±0.21)mV,respectively.ZnO-NPs disturbed the biochemical and oxidative stress indices,AFP,CEA,TNF-α,chromosomal aberrations in somatic and germ cells,and sperm abnormality along with severe pathological changes in the hepatic,renal,and testicular tissues.Cin@CSNPs improved significantly all the parameters tested and the histological picture in a dose-dependent.Therefore,the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs exhibit oxidative damage and genotoxicity,and Cin@CSNPs have potential protective effects against the risks of ZnO-NPs and may be a promising tool to overcome the challenges of using Cin in food and pharmaceuticals applications.展开更多
基金Ontario Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Agribusiness(OMAFA)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)+1 种基金AdisseoOntario Sheep Farmers。
文摘Background Selenium(Se)is an essential soil mineral that can be incorporated into animal feedstuffs.Because of a lack of soil Se in some regions,organic or inorganic supplementation strategies must be implemented to prevent deficiencies and promote optimal ovine health.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to assess how inorganic versus organic Se supplementation influenced ewe Se status and immune function during late gestation and postpartum.Dorset Rideau ewes(n=110)were fed a Se deficient diet from gestation d 110 through postpartum d 49 and received one of four daily oral Se treatments diluted in 5 mL of sugar water:0 mg Se,0.3 mg inorganic Se,0.3 mg organic Se,and 0.6 mg organic Se.Throughout the trial,the ewes received various immune challenges,including intramuscular immunizations with a novel antigen(ovalbumin;OVA)on trial d 0 and 10,an intradermal OVA challenge on d 20,and a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)endotoxin challenge on trial d 49.Results The organic Se treatment groups had higher serum Se concentrations on most trial days compared to the 0.3 mg inorganic and control groups(P<0.05).No significant treatment differences were found for the dermal hypersensitivity response to OVA,anti-OVA antibody response,glutathione peroxidase activity,cytokine response,cortisol response,or rectal temperature(P>0.05).However,4 h post-LPS injection,the serum albumin concentration was significantly lower in the 0.3 mg inorganic group compared to both organic Se groups,potentially indicating a higher degree of inflammation in the ewes supplemented with the inorganic Se.Conclusions The results of this study indicate that organic Se supplementation can promote a higher Se status in ewes over time,but Se supplementation during this study period did not affect tested immunological parameters.This lack of difference in immune responsiveness between groups may be due to an absence of true serum Se deficiencies in the Se-deficient group or the levels of Se supplementation being insufficient to significantly improve immunocompetence.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant No.2023YFD2301900)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(Grant No.23NSFSC0055).
文摘Investigating the biological processes of iron(Fe)homeostasis is crucial for comprehending crop genetic improvement,which in turn helps address human malnutrition.This study utilized phenotyping,ionomics,and transcriptome analysis to uncover the regulatory mechanism of Fe homeostasis in rice under different Fe concentrations and during Fe supplementation.Our results showed both Fe deficiency and excess impede rice growth,with Fe excess exerting a more severe impact,particularly on the roots.The decrease in crown roots under excessive Fe conditions likely serves as an adaptive mechanism to counteract Fe toxicity.Transcriptomic analysis identified 4652 differentially expressed genes affected by Fe stress and supplementation.When Fe is supplemented to Fe-deficient rice,there are upregulations in the expression of genes related to Fe ion concentration and Fe homeostasis at 10 min and 2 h after supplementation,respectively,along with a brief downregulation at 30 min.This indicated a protective mechanism in the roots during Fe uptake.Notably,shoots with a lack of Fe accumulation did not show re-entry of Fe after supplementation,and there was a sustained downregulation of Fe-regulated genes.This suggests that the signaling from roots to shoots influences the response of shoots to Fe supplementation in rice.The molecular changes in Fe homeostasis discovered in this study can contribute to the improvement of rice.
文摘Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)in patients with surgically altered anatomy remains a challenging field in therapeutic endoscopy due to the complex anatomical reconstructions that limit access to the biliary tree.Over the past two decades,device-assisted enteroscopy(DAE),including singleballoon,double-balloon,and motorized spiral enteroscopy,has expanded the feasibility of ERCP in this population,with overall technical success rates generally reported between 70%and 90%.Nevertheless,these techniques are technically demanding,time-consuming,and frequently affected by limited reach and unstable positioning.More recently,interventional endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided procedures have emerged as highly effective alternatives,significantly improving clinical outcomes in selected patients,particularly in those with long-limb Roux-en-Y reconstructions where conventional methods are less effective.Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage continues to represent a valuable salvage option when endoscopic approaches fail,though it is associated with a greater burden of reinterventions and adverse events.This minireview provides a comprehensive overview of the main endoscopic strategies for biliary drainage in altered anatomy,focusing on technical considerations,efficacy,and safety profiles of DAE-assisted ERCP,EUS-guided interventions,and motorized systems.The evolving landscape of biliary drainage in this setting highlights the need for tailored treatment strategies,multidisciplinary collaboration,referral to high-volume centers,and further prospective studies to refine patient selection and optimize clinical outcomes.
基金Key Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province,Grant/Award Number:2024SF2-GJHX-45National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82472191The Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,Grant/Award Number:2024JC-ZDXM-49。
文摘Background:Ex vivo lung perfusion(EVLP)has emerged as a critical technique for lung preservation and evaluation prior to transplantation.While conventional rat EVLP systems utilize closed-loop dual cannulation of pulmonary artery(PA)and vein,the effect of the simplified model using single PA cannulation with passive venous drainage is unknown.Methods:We developed two EVLP models in rats:a semi-closed circuit with PA-only cannulation and left atrial incision for passive venous drainage(SC-EVLP),and a closed circuit employing both arterial and venous cannulation(C-EVLP).Donor lungs were perfused for a defined duration and subsequently orthotopically transplanted.We evaluated pulmonary function parameters,histopathological injury scores,inflammatory cytokine levels,and apoptotic marker expression at the end of perfusion and posttransplantation.Results:Compared to the conventional EVLP,the SC-EVLP group exhibited significantly lower PA pressure and improved dynamic lung compliance throughout perfusion.Although the levels of tumor necrosis factor-αin the perfusate were higher in the SC-EVLP group,other cytokine levels in the perfusate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exhibited no significant differences.Pulmonary edema was reduced in the SC-EVLP group,as indicated by a lower lung wet-to-dry ratio.After transplantation,lungs from the SC-EVLP group exhibited lower histological injury scores,reduced apoptosis,and decreased serum cytokine levels,suggesting attenuated inflammation and tissue damage.Conclusions:In a rat model,single PA cannulation with passive venous drainage reduced pulmonary edema during EVLP and reduced lung injury and systemic inflammation after transplantation.
文摘Bcakground: Pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) is a common complication arising from acute or chronic pancreatitis, trauma, or pancreatic duct obstruction. When acute fluid collection persists for 4 - 6 weeks and is encapsulated by a fibrous wall, it is classified as a pancreatic pseudocyst. While PPC is generally asymptomatic in many patients, it can manifest with persistent abdominal pain, dyspepsia, intra-cystic infection, and potentially lead to gastrointestinal obstruction in some cases. Although smaller PPCs may resolve spontaneously, larger PPCs tend to be refractory to absorption and often necessitate surgical intervention to prevent complications such as intracystic hemorrhage. Objective: To explore the efficacy of percutaneous catheterization with negative pressure in the treatment of large pancreatic pseudocysts. Methods: The cases of large pancreatic pseudocysts treated in our hospital from 2004 to 2022 were retrospectively collected, and the general condition, operation time, drainage time, feeding time, postoperative complications, hospital stay, cost and follow-up of the patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 132 patients with large pancreatic pseudocysts were collected. The average operation time was 32.4 ± 2.1 min;The retention time of the drainage tube was 30 ± 1.8 days in the percutaneous negative pressure drainage group;The postoperative feeding time was no fasting after local anesthesia drainage;Postoperative complications (bleeding, infection, pancreatic leakage, recurrence, anastomotic leakage, etc.): Two of the 132 patients had recurrent cysts, which were cured by re-puncture and negative pressure drainage. The length of hospital stay was 6 ± 1.1 days;The cost was 11,200 ± 1300 yuan;Follow-up: The follow-up time ranged from 1 to 3 years, and the patients had no discomfort. Conclusion: Percutaneous catheterization and negative pressure drainage can effectively treat large pancreatic pseudocysts. Compared with other treatment methods, it is simple and effective, the postoperative recovery of patients is faster, the physical damage is less, the hospital stay is shorter, and the cost is lower.
文摘Although time-dependent deformation of geomaterials underpins slope-failure prediction models,the influence of strain rate on shearing strength and deformation behavior of loess remains unclear.The consolidated undrained(CU)and drained(CD)triaxial testing elucidated the impact of strain rate(0.005–0.3 mm/min)on strength envelopes,deformation moduli,pore pressures,and dilatancy characteristics of unsaturated and quasi-saturated loess.Under drained conditions with a controlled matric suction of 50 kPa,increasing strain rates from 0.005 mm/min to 0.011 mm/min induced decreases in failure deviatoric stress(qf),initial deformation modulus(Ei),and cohesion(c),while friction angles remained unaffected.Specimens displayed initial contractive volumetric strains transitioning to dilation across varying confining pressures.Higher rates diminished contractive volumetric strains and drainage volumes,indicating reduced densification and strength in the shear zone.Under undrained conditions,both unsaturated and quasi-saturated(pore pressure coefficient B=0.75)loess exhibited deteriorating mechanical properties with increasing rates from 0.03 mm/min to 0.3 mm/min.For unsaturated loess,reduced contractive volumetric strains at higher rates manifested relatively looser structures in the pre-peak stress phase.The strength decrement in quasi-saturated loess arose from elevated excess porewater pressures diminishing effective stresses.Negative porewater pressures emerged in quasi-saturated loess at lower confining pressures and strain rates.Compared to previous studies,the qf and Ei exhibited rate sensitivity below threshold values before attaining minima with marginal subsequent influence.The underlying mechanism mirrors the transition from creep to accelerated deformation phase of landslides.
文摘BACKGROUND Common bile duct stones pose a high risk of recurrence or disease progression if not promptly treated.However,there is still no optimal treatment approach.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of modified pancreatic duct stent drainage in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)for treating common bile duct stones.METHODS This retrospective study included 175 patients with common bile duct stones treated at Taizhou Fourth People’s Hospital between January 1,2021,and November 30,2023.The patients were divided into three groups-the modified pancreatic duct stent drainage group(59 cases),the nasobiliary drainage group(58 cases),and the standard biliary drainage group(58 cases).Preoperative general clinical data,laboratory indicators,and the visual analog scale(VAS)at two time points(24 hours before and after surgery)were compared,along with postoperative complications across the three groups.RESULTS Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,gamma-glutamyltransferase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,Creactive protein,and amylase were significantly lower in the modified pancreatic duct stent drainage group and the standard biliary drainage group than those in the nasobiliary drainage group(P<0.05).However,no statistically significant differences were observed in white blood cells,hemoglobin,or neutrophil levels among the three groups(P>0.05).The standard biliary drainage group had significantly lower VAS scores[(4.36±1.18)points]than those for the modified pancreatic duct stent drainage group[(4.92±1.68)points](P=0.033),and the nasobiliary drainage group[(5.54±1.24)points](P=0.017).There were no statistically significant differences in complication rates across the three groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Compared to standard biliary drainage and nasobiliary drainage,the modified pancreatic duct stent used during ERCP for patients with bile duct stones significantly reduced hepatocyte injury,improved liver function parameters,alleviated inflammation and pain,enhanced patient comfort,and demonstrated superior safety.
文摘Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is considered the gold standard for treating benign and malignant biliary obstructions.However,its use in complex biliary obstructions is limited.Over the past decades,therapeutic endosonography(EUS)and emerging technologies such as lumen-apposing metal stents have enabled endoscopic treatment of conditions previously requiring nonendoscopic or surgical approaches.Studies show that EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy is a reliable alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the treatment of distal malignant biliary obstructions and can be considered a primary drainage modality in centers with adequate expertise.For malignant hilar biliary obstructions,draining at least 50%of viable liver tissue often requires combining different modalities.The treatment strategy in these patients should be individualized,depending on the Bismuth classification,patient physical status,and intended systemic therapy.Due to the lack of evidence,general recommendations cannot be made for EUS-guided hepaticoduodenostomy or combined procedures with transhepatic bridging stents.These novel techniques should be limited to selected palliative cases where conventional methods have failed and conducted within clinical trials to generate evidence before broader application.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2023MH331.
文摘BACKGROUND A case study of multiple distinct levels of skipped thoracolumbar spine infection was reported in which 13 successful vacuum sealing drainage(VSD)surgeries were treated.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent a total of 13 procedures within our medical facility,including five performed under local anesthesia and eight performed under general anesthesia.The source of the ailment was ultimately identified as Enterobacter cloacae.After the last procedure,the patient's symptoms were alleviated,and the recovery process was satisfactory.Three months post-operation,the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores had improved to 100%.Imageological examination revealed a satisfactory position of internal fixation,and the abnormal signals in the vertebral body and intervertebral space had been eliminated when compared to the pre-operative results.CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that the extreme lateral approach debridement combined with multiple VSD operations is a secure and successful method of treatment for recurrent spinal infection,providing an alternative to traditional surgery.
文摘BACKGROUND Severe acute cholangitis is a potentially life-threatening disease in low-middle income countries(LMIC).Due to limited endoscopic services,these patients mostly undergo percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD).Studies from developed countries reported more complications with PTBD as compared with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).AIM To compare safety,therapeutic success,and survival among the PTBD and ERCP procedure in severe cholangitis in LMIC.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in the Aga Khan University Hospital from January 2017 to December 2023.All patients who had severe acute cholangitis and underwent ERCP or PTBD were included.Patients were followed for complications,procedure success,and mortality.Data was gathered through an electronic medical record system and analyzed usingχ²and two sample t-tests.RESULTS A total of 33 patients were recruited,consisting of 12 females and 21 males with a mean age of 61 years.Among these participants,12 patients underwent ERCP,and the remaining 21 patients underwent PTBD.Therapeutic success was seen more in the ERCP group[11/12(97.1%)]than in the PTBD group[12/21 patients(57.1%)].Post-procedure complications were seen in both groups;however,more were observed in the PTBD cohort with a significant P value of 0.02.There were no mortalities among the patients who underwent ERCP while 5(23.8%)mortalities were seen in the PTBD group.CONCLUSION Fewer post-procedure complications and deaths were observed after ERCP than after PTBD,laying the foundation for large prospective studies and shifting the local paradigm of acute cholangitis treatment in LMICs.
文摘Objective: This study aims to investigate the drainage effect and clinical outcomes of negative pressure chest drainage in patients after two-port thoracoscopic valve surgery, comparing the differences in postoperative pain, hospital stay, and other factors between the negative pressure group and the control group. Methods: This study is a prospective controlled trial that selected patients undergoing two-port thoracoscopic valve surgery at a certain hospital from January 2019 to December 2024. Patients were randomly assigned to the control group and the negative pressure group using a random number table method. The control group consisted of 30 patients (20 males, 10 females, mean age 42.03 ± 12.89 years), and the negative pressure group consisted of 35 patients (26 males, 9 females, mean age 41.84 ± 11.83 years). The control group received traditional chest drainage, while the negative pressure group received negative pressure chest drainage. Postoperative pain scores, hospital stay, drainage time, number of tube blockages, and incidences of pneumothorax or subcutaneous emphysema were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: The negative pressure group had a significantly shorter postoperative drainage time compared to the control group (49.09 ± 11.99 hours vs. 79.10 ± 7.32 hours, P < 0.001). The postoperative pain score was lower in the negative pressure group (4.49 ± 1.27 vs. 7.03 ± 0.85, P < 0.001), and the hospital stay was significantly shorter (9.83 ± 1.69 days vs. 14.73 ± 2.32 days, P < 0.001). The incidence of pneumothorax or subcutaneous emphysema was significantly lower in the negative pressure group than in the control group (14.29% vs. 56.67%, P = 0.0003). Conclusion: The application of negative pressure chest drainage in patients after two-port thoracoscopic valve surgery can effectively reduce postoperative pain, shorten hospital stay, and lower the incidence of tube blockage and pneumothorax, demonstrating good clinical outcomes.
基金supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no.2022–67015-36376 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
文摘Background The creatine-creatine kinase-phosphocreatine(Cr-CK-PCr)system maintains intracellular ratios of ATP/ADP for support of cellular functions and has been characterized at the placental-uterine interface of rodents,primates,swine and sheep,and thus may support fetal development.This study determined effects of dietary supplementation of creatine(Cr)to gestating gilts on fetal development,the number and ratio of primary and secondary muscle fibers,and on protein expression in endometrium and fetal biceps-femoris muscle,respectively in fetal pigs on d 60 and d 90 of gestation.Methods Reproductively mature gilts were synchronized to estrus using Matrix,observed for estrus(d 0),and artificially inseminated 12 h and 36 h later.Gilts were individually housed and fed 0.86 kg of 14%crude protein diet twice daily that meets nutritional requirements for pregnant gilts.Gilts were assigned to either basal diet control(CON)group,or Cr supplemented group(provided 30 g Cr monohydrate daily)from d 10 to either d 60 or d 90 of gestation.Gilts were euthanized and hysterectomized on either d 60 or d 90 of gestation.These protocols were completed in two replicates,as gilts were bred in spring and euthanized in summer or bred in fall and euthanized in winter(n=20 gilts/replicate).Litter size,crown-rump length,sex,and fetal weight was recorded.Three female and male fetuses closest to mean litter weight were selected to assess effects of treatment on weight of fetal brain,kidney,liver,spleen,and biceps-femoris muscle.Data were analyzed to determine effects of treatment,days of gestation,replicate,and sex on litter size,fetal measurements,and incidence of intrauterine growth restriction.Results Dietary Cr supplementation increased fetal brain weight to body weight ratios on d 90 of gestation(P<0.05)and fetal kidney weight to body weight ratios on d 60 of gestation(P<0.01),while days of gestation had significant effect on expression of mitochondrial CK isoform in gilt endometria(P<0.05).Conclusions Results suggest that dietary supplementation of Cr in gestating gilts enhanced development of select fetal organs and contribute to understanding roles of the Cr-CK-PCr system in pregnancy.
文摘BACKGROUND Historically intraoperative drains were employed after pancreatic surgery but over the last decade,there has been debate over the routine usage of drains.AIM To assess the necessity of intra-abdominal drain placement,identify the most effective drain type,and determine the optimal timing for drain removal.METHODS A systematic review of electronic databases,including PubMed,MEDLINE,PubMed Central,and Google Scholar,was conducted using Medical Subject Headings and keywords until December 2023.From an initial pool of 1910 articles,48 were included after exclusion and screening.The primary outcomes analyzed were clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula(CR-POPF),delayed gastric emptying(DGE),overall morbidity,and mortality.Subgroup analyses were performed for pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy.RESULTS Routine use of drains is associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of CR-POPF and DGE.Conversely,patients who did not have drains placed experienced a significant reduction in morbidity,readmission rates,and reoperations.No significant differences were observed between active and passive drain types.Early drain removal(<3 days)yielded favorable outcomes compared to delayed removal.CONCLUSION Analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies did not demonstrate an advantage of routine drain placement following pancreatic resection,potentially contributing to increased morbidity and mortality.The decision to use drains should be left to the discretion of the operating surgeon.However,early drain removal can substantially reduce morbidity.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,China,No.2022YFC2503603.
文摘BACKGROUND Bile duct leaks(BDLs)are serious postsurgical adverse events.Typically,conservative management with ab-dominal drainage is the initial treatment option.However,prolonged abdominal drainage without improvement can lead to biliary stricture and delay the optimal timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).AIM To identify the optimal timing for ERCP and the period during which clinical observation with conservative management is acceptable,balancing ERCP success and the risk of biliary strictures.METHODS We conducted a multicenter retrospective study involving 448 patients with BDLs between November 2002 and November 2022.The patients were divided into four groups based on the timing of ERCP:3 days,7 days,14 days,and 21 days.The primary outcome was clinical success,defined as the resolution of BDL and related symptoms within 6 months without additional percutaneous drainage,surgery,or death.The secondary outcome was incidence of biliary strictures.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with ERCP success and biliary stricture occurrence.RESULTS In a cohort of 448 consecutive patients diagnosed with BDLs,354 were excluded,leaving 94 patients who underwent ERCP.Clinical success was achieved in 84%of cases(79/94),with a median ERCP timing of 20 days(9.5-35.3 days).Biliary strictures were identified in 29(30.9%)patients.Performing ERCP within 3 weeks,compared to after 3 weeks,was associated with higher success rates[92.0%(46/50)vs 75.0%(33/44),P=0.032]and a lower incidence of biliary stricture incidence[18.0%(9/50)vs 45.5%(20/44),P=0.005].Subsequent multivariate analysis confirmed the association with higher success rates(odds ratio=4.168,P=0.045)and lower biliary stricture rates(odds ratio=0.256,P=0.007).CONCLUSION Performing ERCP for BDLs within 3 weeks may be associated with a higher success rate and a lower biliary stricture rate.If patients with BDLs do not respond to conservative treatment,ERCP is suggested to be performed within 3 weeks.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52075309)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities(21JP021)。
文摘Hydrogel has developed into a very important platform in solar interface evaporator.However,the current hydrogel evaporators are usually three-dimensional evaporators,which will consume a lot of raw materials.Thus,a new two-dimensional hydrogel evaporator is urgently needed to alleviate this problem.Here,a double layer hydrogel evaporator was designed by twice vacuum filtration.Furthermore,through the arched design and the introduction of concentrated brine drainage system,the hydrogel evaporator has enhanced water transportation and tailored water transportation path.Such a unique drainage evaporation system greatly improves the stability of the evaporator.Thereby,a good balance is established between photothermal conversion and water supply,and solar energy is utilized efficiently.It can remain stable in continuous evaporation for up to 12 h with an excellent evaporation rate of 2.70 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1 sun irradiation.Meanwhile,the drainage system realized the 1.8×10^(-10)mol m^(-2)s^(-1)diffusion flux of concentrated brine.Through one-time freeze-drying preparation,an arch-shaped drainage evaporator was used to prepare an evaporation area of more than 20 cm^(2).With the self-made condensate collecting device in outdoor environment,the fresh water yield reaches 7.5 L m^(-2)d^(-1).This provides a new scheme for building a new hydrogel evaporator and solving the fresh water crisis.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272346)Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University.
文摘Bioactive peptides have various excellent biological activities and serve as functional foods to prevent chronic diseases in the human body.This article investigated the regulatory effect of egg white peptides(EPs)on the intestine barrier of young mice with colitis.The results showed that the intake of EPs could protect the intestines from inflammation damage.Besides,the expression of tight junction proteins and mucin is upregulated.Markedly,the intake of EPs can increase the concentration of amino acids in the serum of young mice,which is crucial for nutritional supplementation during intestinal inflammation process.Proteomics analysis implied that EPs can regulate protein expression in the intestine,involving multiple inflammatory pathways including phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(AKT)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway.This demonstrated the health benefits of bioactive peptides and provides a theoretical basis for the development of animal derived proteins as functional foods.
基金funded by the Ministry of Research,Technology,and Higher Education under Grant Number B/67/D.D3/KD.02.00/2019as part of the BPPDN(Beasiswa Pendidikan Pascasarjana Dalam Negeri—Domestic Postgraduate Education Scholarship)program.
文摘This study evaluates the effectiveness of microwave technology in producing activated carbon from lemongrass waste,an underutilized agricultural byproduct.Microwave-assisted production offers faster heating,lower energy consumption,and better process control compared to conventionalmethods.It also enhances pore development,resulting in larger,cleaner,and more uniform pores,making the activated carbon more effective for adsorption.The microwave-assisted process significantly accelerates production,reducing the required time to just 10 min at a power of 400 W.Activated carbon derived from lemongrass waste at 400 W exhibits a water absorption capacity of 7.88%,ash content of 5.51%,volatile matter of 6.96%,fixed carbon of 75.79%,and an iodine number of 790.97 g iodine/100 g.Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)analysis confirms the formation of larger,cleaner,and smoother pores,contributing to increased porosity and pore size.Additionally,Energy Dispersive X-ray(EDX)analysis identifies key elements in the lemongrass waste,with carbon being the dominant component at 75.57%.The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area is measured at 818 m^(2)/g,with an average pore diameter of 1.91 nm,classifying the material as microporous.The activated carbon,meeting quality standards,is applied as an adsorbent in acid mine drainage(AMD)treatment,with varying mass concentrations introduced intowastewater samples.Adsorption tests confirmthat the microparticle carbon adsorption profile follows the Langmuir model,indicating a monolayer adsorption process.Furthermore,adsorption kineticswere analyzed over different time intervals,revealing that the process alignswith both pseudo-first-order(PFO)and pseudo-second-order(PSO)models,with all cases predominantly following the PFO rate equation.
基金supported by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment project 2024.06.04,“Research on the application of artificial intelligence combined with remote sensing in warning of flood risks due to heavy rain and high tides for coastal cities”,grant number 2024.06.04.
文摘Coastal cities in Vietnam face increasing urban flooding vulnerability due to climate change-induced extreme pre-cipitation.This study evaluates the response capacity of urban drainage systems,using Vung Tau City as a case study.We employed a comprehensive approach,combining Intensity-Duration-Frequency(IDF)curve analysis with hydrodynamic modeling,to assess drainage performance under current and projected rainfall intensities.A significant rainfall event on June 19,2020(54.4 mm in 3 h,peaking at 42 mm/h),which exceeded the 5-year return period design(TCVN 7957:2008),caused widespread flooding(25-50 cm depths).Design rainfall hyetographs for 2,5,and 10-year return periods(TCVN 7957:2008)were developed.Results show that under more extreme scenarios,flooded areas increase significantly,with depths up to 1.05 m in the 10-year scenario and prolonged durations due to stormwater routing through regulatory lakes.The analysis reveals the current infrastructure meets only 64%of the 5-year return period demands and merely 41% for a 10-year period.This research highlights the urgent need for enhanced flood management in Vung Tau and similar coastal cities,suggesting upgrades to drainage capacity,implementation of sustainable urban drainage systems,and improved early warning.These insights are valuable for developing climate-resilient infrastructure.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2024ZL039.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver abscess is a serious hepatic infectious disease for which percutaneous drainage has become the preferred treatment method due to its minimally invasive advantages.With the rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease reaching 29.2%in Chinese adults,the number of patients with liver abscess combined with fatty liver has shown a significant increasing trend clinically.AIM To analyze risk factors affecting prognosis after percutaneous drainage in liver abscess patients with fatty liver.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 165 liver abscess patients with fatty liver who underwent percutaneous drainage from January 2020 to April 2024.Patients were divided into good prognosis(n=121,73.3%)and poor prognosis groups(n=44,26.7%)based on 30-day outcomes.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors.RESULTS The poor prognosis group had older age(65.2±11.8 years vs 56.1±11.9 years,P<0.001),higher diabetes prevalence(70.5%vs 47.2%,P=0.008),elevated inflammatory markers,and lower serum albumin(26.8±4.2 g/L vs 32.1±5.6 g/L,P<0.001).Moderate-to-severe fatty liver was more prevalent in the poor prognosis group(68.2%vs 38.0%,P=0.001).Multivariate analysis identified five independent risk factors:Age≥65 years(OR=2.847,P=0.007),diabetes history(OR=3.124,P=0.003),abscess diameter≥8 cm(OR=2.591,P=0.015),serum albumin<30 g/L(OR=3.456,P=0.001),and moderate-to-severe fatty liver(OR=2.213,P=CONCLUSION)Advanced age,diabetes history,large abscess,hypoalbuminemia,and moderate-to-severe fatty liver are independent risk factors for poor prognosis after percutaneous drainage in liver abscess patients with fatty liver.
基金supported by the National Research Centre,Dokki,Cairo,Egypt project#13050302.
文摘Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)via green method is an outstanding alternative to conventional/regular methods;however,the safety or toxicity of the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs in vivo is not fully explored.This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficiency of cinnamaldehyde-loaded chitosan nanoparticles(Cin@CSNPs)against oxidative damage and genotoxicity of ZnO-NPs in mice.ZnO-NPs were biosynthesized using the extract of fresh leaves of Mentha pulegium L.Cin was extracted from cinnamon essential oil,and was loaded into chitosan nanoparticle(Cin@CSNPs).Both ZnO-NPs,Cin@CSNPs and CSNPs were characterized.The in vitro release of Cin@CSNPs was determined.In the biological study,6 groups of male BALB/c mice were treated by gavage for 3 weeks as follows,control group,the group received ZnO-NPs(25 mg/kg b.w),the groups received Cin@CSNPs at low dose(50 mg/kg b.w)or high dose(100 mg/kg b.w),and the groups received ZnO-NPs plus Cin@CSNPs at the 2 tested doses.Blood and tissue samples were collected for different biochemical,genetical and histological studies.The particle size of ZnO-NPs,CSNPs,and Cin@CSNPs were(20.78±2.60),(170.0±3.7),and(218.23±2.90)nm,andξ-potential were(32.7±4.6),(8.32±0.27)and(4.80±0.21)mV,respectively.ZnO-NPs disturbed the biochemical and oxidative stress indices,AFP,CEA,TNF-α,chromosomal aberrations in somatic and germ cells,and sperm abnormality along with severe pathological changes in the hepatic,renal,and testicular tissues.Cin@CSNPs improved significantly all the parameters tested and the histological picture in a dose-dependent.Therefore,the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs exhibit oxidative damage and genotoxicity,and Cin@CSNPs have potential protective effects against the risks of ZnO-NPs and may be a promising tool to overcome the challenges of using Cin in food and pharmaceuticals applications.
