Deadlock avoidance problems are investigated for automated manufacturing systems with flexible routings. Based on the Petri net models of the systems, this paper proposes, for the first time, the concept of perfect ma...Deadlock avoidance problems are investigated for automated manufacturing systems with flexible routings. Based on the Petri net models of the systems, this paper proposes, for the first time, the concept of perfect maximal resourcetransition circuits and their saturated states. The concept facilitates the development of system liveness characterization and deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors. Deadlock is characterized as some perfect maximal resource-transition circuits reaching their saturated states. For a large class of manufacturing systems, which do not contain center resources, the optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors are presented. For a general manufacturing system, a method is proposed for reducing the system Petri net model so that the reduced model does not contain center resources and, hence, has optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisor. The controlled reduced Petri net model can then be used as the liveness supervisor of the system.展开更多
In this paper, we consider the problem of automatic synthesis of decentralized supervisor for uncertain discrete event systems. In particular, we study the case when the uncontrolled plant is unknown a priori. To deal...In this paper, we consider the problem of automatic synthesis of decentralized supervisor for uncertain discrete event systems. In particular, we study the case when the uncontrolled plant is unknown a priori. To deal with the unknown plants, we first characterize the conormality of prefix-closed regular languages and propose formulas for computing the supremal conormal sublanguages; then sufficient conditions for the existence of decentralized supervisors are given in terms of language controllability and conormality and a learning-based algorithm to synthesize the supervisor automatically is proposed. Moreover, the paper also studies the on-line decentralized supervisory control of concurrent discrete event systems that are composed of multiple interacting unknown modules. We use the concept of modular controllability to characterize the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the local supervisors, which consist of a set of local supervisor modules, one for each plant module and which determines its control actions based on the locally observed behaviors, and an on-line learning-based local synthesis algorithm is also presented. The correctness and convergence of the proposed algorithms are proved, and their implementation are illustrated through examples.展开更多
This study examined the relationship between budget participation and managerial performance as mediated by trust in supervisor and explored the moderating role of budget-goal difficulty on budget participation, trust...This study examined the relationship between budget participation and managerial performance as mediated by trust in supervisor and explored the moderating role of budget-goal difficulty on budget participation, trust in supervisor, and managerial performance. One-hundred-fifty-eight useful responses were drawn at random from subordinate managers of manufacturing companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. The mediating effect of trust in supervisor was examined by path analysis. Subgroup analysis was used to examine the contingency effect of budget-goal difficulty on the mediating role of trust in supervisor between budget participation and performance. The findings support our hypotheses and demonstrate the mediating effect of trust in supervisor and the moderating effect of budget-goal difficulty.展开更多
A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or l...A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or livelocks.The proposed method takes an uncontrolled and bounded PN model(UPNM)of the FMS.Firstly,the reduced PNM(RPNM)is obtained from the UPNM by using PN reduction rules to reduce the computation burden.Then,the set of strict minimal siphons(SMSs)of the RPNM is computed.Next,the complementary set of SMSs is computed from the set of SMSs.By the union of these two sets,the superset of SMSs is computed.Finally,the set of subnets of the RPNM is obtained by applying the PN reduction rules to the superset of SMSs.All these subnets suffer from deadlocks.These subnets are then ordered from the smallest one to the largest one based on a criterion.To enforce liveness on these subnets,a set of control places(CPs)is computed starting from the smallest subnet to the largest one.Once all subnets are live,this process provides the LES,consisting of a set of CPs to be used for the UPNM.The live controlled PN model(CPNM)is constructed by merging the LES with the UPNM.The SbDaC policy is applicable to all classes of PNs related to FMS prone to deadlocks or livelocks.Several FMS examples are considered from the literature to highlight the applicability of the SbDaC policy.In particular,three examples are utilized to emphasize the importance,applicability and effectiveness of the SbDaC policy to realistic FMS with very large state spaces.展开更多
Born in Penglai,Shandong Province in 1942,Jiang Baolin is currently working as a doctoral supervisor at the Chinese National Academy of Arts.He’s also a committee member and researcher at the China National Academy o...Born in Penglai,Shandong Province in 1942,Jiang Baolin is currently working as a doctoral supervisor at the Chinese National Academy of Arts.He’s also a committee member and researcher at the China National Academy of Painting.He graduated from Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts(now China Academy of Art),studying under such masters as Lu Yanshao and Gu Kunbo,and later pursued his master’s degree at the Central Academy of Fine Arts,sitting at the feet of masters like Li Keran.展开更多
This paper deals with the synthesis of Petri net supervisor enforcing the more expressive constraints including marking terms, firing vector terms and Parikh vector terms. The method is developed to handle uncontrolla...This paper deals with the synthesis of Petri net supervisor enforcing the more expressive constraints including marking terms, firing vector terms and Parikh vector terms. The method is developed to handle uncontrollable and unobservable transitions existing in the constraints. The “greater-than or equal” general constraints can also be transformed into “less-than or equal” Parikh constraints. An example is analyzed to show how the problem is solved. General constraint is first transformed into Parikh vector constraints, and Matrix-Transformation is proposed to obtain the admissible constraints without uncontrollable and unobservable transitions. Then the supervisor can be constructed based on constraints only consisting of Parikh vector terms. The method is proved to be more concise and effective than the method presented by Iordache and Moody especially when applied to large scale systems.展开更多
In this paper,a deadlock prevention policy for robotic manufacturing cells with uncontrollable and unobservable events is proposed based on a Petri net formalism.First,a Petri net for the deadlock control of such syst...In this paper,a deadlock prevention policy for robotic manufacturing cells with uncontrollable and unobservable events is proposed based on a Petri net formalism.First,a Petri net for the deadlock control of such systems is defined.Its admissible markings and first-met inadmissible markings(FIMs)are introduced.Next,place invariants are designed via an integer linear program(ILP)to survive all admissible markings and prohibit all FIMs,keeping the underlying system from reaching deadlocks,livelocks,bad markings,and the markings that may evolve into them by firing uncontrollable transitions.ILP also ensures that the obtained deadlock-free supervisor does not observe any unobservable transition.In addition,the supervisor is guaranteed to be admissible and structurally minimal in terms of both control places and added arcs.The condition under which the supervisor is maximally permissive in behavior is given.Finally,experimental results with the proposed method and existing ones are given to show its effectiveness.展开更多
Behavior-based autonomous systems rely on human intelligence to resolve multi-mission conflicts by designing mission priority rules and nonlinear controllers.In this work,a novel twolayer reinforcement learning behavi...Behavior-based autonomous systems rely on human intelligence to resolve multi-mission conflicts by designing mission priority rules and nonlinear controllers.In this work,a novel twolayer reinforcement learning behavioral control(RLBC)method is proposed to reduce such dependence by trial-and-error learning.Specifically,in the upper layer,a reinforcement learning mission supervisor(RLMS)is designed to learn the optimal mission priority.Compared with existing mission supervisors,the RLMS improves the dynamic performance of mission priority adjustment by maximizing cumulative rewards and reducing hardware storage demand when using neural networks.In the lower layer,a reinforcement learning controller(RLC)is designed to learn the optimal control policy.Compared with existing behavioral controllers,the RLC reduces the control cost of mission priority adjustment by balancing control performance and consumption.All error signals are proved to be semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded(SGUUB).Simulation results show that the number of mission priority adjustment and the control cost are significantly reduced compared to some existing mission supervisors and behavioral controllers,respectively.展开更多
In this paper, the problem of hybrid model predictive control(HMPC) strategy based on fuzzy supervisor for piecewise autoregressive with exogenous input(PWARX) models is addressed. We first represent the nonlinear beh...In this paper, the problem of hybrid model predictive control(HMPC) strategy based on fuzzy supervisor for piecewise autoregressive with exogenous input(PWARX) models is addressed. We first represent the nonlinear behavior of the system with a PWARX model. Then, we transform the obtained PWARX model into a mixed logical dynamic(MLD) model in order to apply the proposed predictive control which is able to stabilize such systems along desired reference trajectories while satisfying operating constraints.Finally, we propose to introduce a fuzzy supervisor allowing the readjustment of the HMPC tuning parameters in order to maintain the desired performance. Simulation and experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
The supervisory system and the examination system are two indigenous political systems of China,and the former has a longer history than the latter when it comes to the origin.Having inherited the essence of the super...The supervisory system and the examination system are two indigenous political systems of China,and the former has a longer history than the latter when it comes to the origin.Having inherited the essence of the supervisory system since the Qin Dynasty,the supervisory rules in the Ming Dynasty opened a new chapter of legal thoughts of monitoring.This paper started with the design of the supervisory institutions in the Ming Dynasty recorded in the historical materials such as the Memoir of Ming Dynasty and The Interpretive Supplements to"The Great Learning",to get a glimpse of the main content of the legal thoughts of supervisory at that time,and tried to"take history as a mirror"to provide insights and lessons of the legal thoughts of supervisory in the Ming Dynasty for the later generations.展开更多
As a sequel to our recent work [1], in which a control framework was developed for large-scale joint swarms of unmanned ground (UGV) and aerial (UAV) vehicles, the present paper proposes cognitive and meta-cognitive s...As a sequel to our recent work [1], in which a control framework was developed for large-scale joint swarms of unmanned ground (UGV) and aerial (UAV) vehicles, the present paper proposes cognitive and meta-cognitive supervisor models for this kind of distributed robotic system. The cognitive supervisor model is a formalization of the recently Nobel-awarded research in brain science on mammalian and human path integration and navigation, performed by the hippocampus. This is formalized here as an adaptive Hamiltonian path integral, and efficiently simulated for implementation on robotic vehicles as a pair of coupled nonlinear Schr?dinger equations. The meta-cognitive supervisor model is a modal logic of actions and plans that hinges on a weak causality relation that specifies when atoms may change their values without specifying that they must change. This relatively simple logic is decidable yet sufficiently expressive to support the level of inference needed in our application. The atoms and action primitives of the logic framework also provide a straight-forward way of connecting the meta-cognitive supervisor with the cognitive supervisor, with other modules, and to the meta-cognitive supervisors of other robotic platforms in the swarm.展开更多
In this paper, we study the supervisory control problem of discrete event systems assuming that cyber-attacks might occur. In particular, we focus on the problem of liveness enforcement and consider a sensor-reading m...In this paper, we study the supervisory control problem of discrete event systems assuming that cyber-attacks might occur. In particular, we focus on the problem of liveness enforcement and consider a sensor-reading modification attack(SM-attack) that may disguise the occurrence of an event as that of another event by intruding sensor communication channels. To solve the problem, we introduce non-deterministic supervisors in the paper, which associate to every observed sequence a set of possible control actions offline and choose a control action from the set randomly online to control the system. Specifically, given a bounded Petri net(PN) as the reference formalism and an SMattack, an algorithm that synthesizes a liveness-enforcing nondeterministic supervisor tolerant to the SM-attack is proposed for the first time.展开更多
In this paper, a new reliable hierarchical model is suggested for a two-wagon train Networked Control System. Each wagon has a Controller that carries the control load and an Entertainment server that handles the ente...In this paper, a new reliable hierarchical model is suggested for a two-wagon train Networked Control System. Each wagon has a Controller that carries the control load and an Entertainment server that handles the entertainment. A supervisory controller runs on top of the two controllers and the two entertainment servers. Contrary to a similar model in the literature, the Supervisory node replaces a Controller as soon as it fails (Active Supervisor). All system states are analyzed and simulated using OPNET. It is shown that, for all states, this architecture has zero control packets dropped and the end-to-end delay is below the maximum target delay. A comparison between this Active model and the other model in the literature is presented. It is found that the entertainment in this new architecture is kept available for the passengers in more of the system states when compared to the architecture previously presented in the literature.展开更多
Background:In the pursuit of fostering employees’well-being,leaders are recognized as playing a vital role.However,so far,most of the existing research has focused on leadership behavior and the superficial interacti...Background:In the pursuit of fostering employees’well-being,leaders are recognized as playing a vital role.However,so far,most of the existing research has focused on leadership behavior and the superficial interaction between leaders and members but has unexpectedly ignored the specific supporting role of supervisors in the career development of employees,that is,supervisory career support.Additionally,the internal mechanism of how career support from supervisors is related to and promotes employees’wellbeing is still unclear.Based on social cognitive career theory(SCCT),this study aimed to explore whether,how,and when supervisory career support affects employee well-being by introducing the two paths of‘career prospect’and‘career confidence.’Methods:During July 2023,this study employed a cross-sectional design.We gathered participants from corporate situated in Southern China.Results:Results based on a large sample of 14,533 employees showed that supervisory career support was positively related to employees’well-being through the dual path of career prospects(opportunity)and career confidence(ability).Employees high in proactive personality experienced the above positive effects most.Conclusion:This study provides meaningful implications for managers to implement personalized support strategies to improve employees’well-being.展开更多
Operational mechanism of supervisory audit in Chinese listed companies is not ideal, the supervisory effect of the listed company rely on features of supervisors＇ board and member of the supervisors＇ board. Based on...Operational mechanism of supervisory audit in Chinese listed companies is not ideal, the supervisory effect of the listed company rely on features of supervisors＇ board and member of the supervisors＇ board. Based on the comparison of supervisory audit in Britain, Germany, France and Japan, and the empirical research on 100 listed companies in a share market, the paper analyses supervisory audit in Chinese listed companies, and proposes some perfection solutions to strengthen supervisory audit.展开更多
This study aimed to assess the effect of customer verbal aggression(CVA)on job burnout(JB)in frontline employee in both hotels and travel agencies,trying to reveal if there is a difference between both sectors in this...This study aimed to assess the effect of customer verbal aggression(CVA)on job burnout(JB)in frontline employee in both hotels and travel agencies,trying to reveal if there is a difference between both sectors in this context.The study additionally tested the moderation role of perceived supervisor support(PSS)in the relation between customer verbal aggression and burnout in hotels and travel agencies.Two versions of the questionnaire were distributed online.The first among hotels employees and the second was addressed to travel agencies employees;613 were retrieved and analyzed using the version of Spss 23.0.The results showed a significant difference among the level of customer verbal aggression,job burnout,and perceived supervisor support in hotels and travel agencies.Although there was a significant relation between customer verbal aggression and job burnout among frontline employees in both settings,this relationship was moderated by PSS in hotels but not in travel agencies.Eventually,the study concludes with recommendations and practical managerial implications in this regard and it can be considered as a first step for helping practitioners to efficiently manage such a phenomenon.展开更多
基金the State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering at Xi'an Jiaotong University. China.
文摘Deadlock avoidance problems are investigated for automated manufacturing systems with flexible routings. Based on the Petri net models of the systems, this paper proposes, for the first time, the concept of perfect maximal resourcetransition circuits and their saturated states. The concept facilitates the development of system liveness characterization and deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors. Deadlock is characterized as some perfect maximal resource-transition circuits reaching their saturated states. For a large class of manufacturing systems, which do not contain center resources, the optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors are presented. For a general manufacturing system, a method is proposed for reducing the system Petri net model so that the reduced model does not contain center resources and, hence, has optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisor. The controlled reduced Petri net model can then be used as the liveness supervisor of the system.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(Nos.NSF-CNS-1239222,NSF-EECS-1253488)
文摘In this paper, we consider the problem of automatic synthesis of decentralized supervisor for uncertain discrete event systems. In particular, we study the case when the uncontrolled plant is unknown a priori. To deal with the unknown plants, we first characterize the conormality of prefix-closed regular languages and propose formulas for computing the supremal conormal sublanguages; then sufficient conditions for the existence of decentralized supervisors are given in terms of language controllability and conormality and a learning-based algorithm to synthesize the supervisor automatically is proposed. Moreover, the paper also studies the on-line decentralized supervisory control of concurrent discrete event systems that are composed of multiple interacting unknown modules. We use the concept of modular controllability to characterize the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the local supervisors, which consist of a set of local supervisor modules, one for each plant module and which determines its control actions based on the locally observed behaviors, and an on-line learning-based local synthesis algorithm is also presented. The correctness and convergence of the proposed algorithms are proved, and their implementation are illustrated through examples.
文摘This study examined the relationship between budget participation and managerial performance as mediated by trust in supervisor and explored the moderating role of budget-goal difficulty on budget participation, trust in supervisor, and managerial performance. One-hundred-fifty-eight useful responses were drawn at random from subordinate managers of manufacturing companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. The mediating effect of trust in supervisor was examined by path analysis. Subgroup analysis was used to examine the contingency effect of budget-goal difficulty on the mediating role of trust in supervisor between budget participation and performance. The findings support our hypotheses and demonstrate the mediating effect of trust in supervisor and the moderating effect of budget-goal difficulty.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to King Saud University,Saudi Arabia for funding this work through the Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-704),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or livelocks.The proposed method takes an uncontrolled and bounded PN model(UPNM)of the FMS.Firstly,the reduced PNM(RPNM)is obtained from the UPNM by using PN reduction rules to reduce the computation burden.Then,the set of strict minimal siphons(SMSs)of the RPNM is computed.Next,the complementary set of SMSs is computed from the set of SMSs.By the union of these two sets,the superset of SMSs is computed.Finally,the set of subnets of the RPNM is obtained by applying the PN reduction rules to the superset of SMSs.All these subnets suffer from deadlocks.These subnets are then ordered from the smallest one to the largest one based on a criterion.To enforce liveness on these subnets,a set of control places(CPs)is computed starting from the smallest subnet to the largest one.Once all subnets are live,this process provides the LES,consisting of a set of CPs to be used for the UPNM.The live controlled PN model(CPNM)is constructed by merging the LES with the UPNM.The SbDaC policy is applicable to all classes of PNs related to FMS prone to deadlocks or livelocks.Several FMS examples are considered from the literature to highlight the applicability of the SbDaC policy.In particular,three examples are utilized to emphasize the importance,applicability and effectiveness of the SbDaC policy to realistic FMS with very large state spaces.
文摘Born in Penglai,Shandong Province in 1942,Jiang Baolin is currently working as a doctoral supervisor at the Chinese National Academy of Arts.He’s also a committee member and researcher at the China National Academy of Painting.He graduated from Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts(now China Academy of Art),studying under such masters as Lu Yanshao and Gu Kunbo,and later pursued his master’s degree at the Central Academy of Fine Arts,sitting at the feet of masters like Li Keran.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60504024), Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(No. 20050905), and "151 Talent Project" of Zhejiang Province,China
文摘This paper deals with the synthesis of Petri net supervisor enforcing the more expressive constraints including marking terms, firing vector terms and Parikh vector terms. The method is developed to handle uncontrollable and unobservable transitions existing in the constraints. The “greater-than or equal” general constraints can also be transformed into “less-than or equal” Parikh constraints. An example is analyzed to show how the problem is solved. General constraint is first transformed into Parikh vector constraints, and Matrix-Transformation is proposed to obtain the admissible constraints without uncontrollable and unobservable transitions. Then the supervisor can be constructed based on constraints only consisting of Parikh vector terms. The method is proved to be more concise and effective than the method presented by Iordache and Moody especially when applied to large scale systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61773206)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20170131)+1 种基金Jiangsu Overseas Visiting Scholar Program for University Prominent Young&Middle-aged Teachers and Presidents(2019-19)the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Abdulaziz University(RG-20-135-38)。
文摘In this paper,a deadlock prevention policy for robotic manufacturing cells with uncontrollable and unobservable events is proposed based on a Petri net formalism.First,a Petri net for the deadlock control of such systems is defined.Its admissible markings and first-met inadmissible markings(FIMs)are introduced.Next,place invariants are designed via an integer linear program(ILP)to survive all admissible markings and prohibit all FIMs,keeping the underlying system from reaching deadlocks,livelocks,bad markings,and the markings that may evolve into them by firing uncontrollable transitions.ILP also ensures that the obtained deadlock-free supervisor does not observe any unobservable transition.In addition,the supervisor is guaranteed to be admissible and structurally minimal in terms of both control places and added arcs.The condition under which the supervisor is maximally permissive in behavior is given.Finally,experimental results with the proposed method and existing ones are given to show its effectiveness.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61603094)。
文摘Behavior-based autonomous systems rely on human intelligence to resolve multi-mission conflicts by designing mission priority rules and nonlinear controllers.In this work,a novel twolayer reinforcement learning behavioral control(RLBC)method is proposed to reduce such dependence by trial-and-error learning.Specifically,in the upper layer,a reinforcement learning mission supervisor(RLMS)is designed to learn the optimal mission priority.Compared with existing mission supervisors,the RLMS improves the dynamic performance of mission priority adjustment by maximizing cumulative rewards and reducing hardware storage demand when using neural networks.In the lower layer,a reinforcement learning controller(RLC)is designed to learn the optimal control policy.Compared with existing behavioral controllers,the RLC reduces the control cost of mission priority adjustment by balancing control performance and consumption.All error signals are proved to be semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded(SGUUB).Simulation results show that the number of mission priority adjustment and the control cost are significantly reduced compared to some existing mission supervisors and behavioral controllers,respectively.
文摘In this paper, the problem of hybrid model predictive control(HMPC) strategy based on fuzzy supervisor for piecewise autoregressive with exogenous input(PWARX) models is addressed. We first represent the nonlinear behavior of the system with a PWARX model. Then, we transform the obtained PWARX model into a mixed logical dynamic(MLD) model in order to apply the proposed predictive control which is able to stabilize such systems along desired reference trajectories while satisfying operating constraints.Finally, we propose to introduce a fuzzy supervisor allowing the readjustment of the HMPC tuning parameters in order to maintain the desired performance. Simulation and experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
基金Scientific Planning Project of Tianjin Philosophy and Social Science Monitoring the legal system and political trend-Research on the relationship between the Duchayuan during Tianqi period and the political situation of the late Ming DynastyProject No.TJFX19-002。
文摘The supervisory system and the examination system are two indigenous political systems of China,and the former has a longer history than the latter when it comes to the origin.Having inherited the essence of the supervisory system since the Qin Dynasty,the supervisory rules in the Ming Dynasty opened a new chapter of legal thoughts of monitoring.This paper started with the design of the supervisory institutions in the Ming Dynasty recorded in the historical materials such as the Memoir of Ming Dynasty and The Interpretive Supplements to"The Great Learning",to get a glimpse of the main content of the legal thoughts of supervisory at that time,and tried to"take history as a mirror"to provide insights and lessons of the legal thoughts of supervisory in the Ming Dynasty for the later generations.
文摘As a sequel to our recent work [1], in which a control framework was developed for large-scale joint swarms of unmanned ground (UGV) and aerial (UAV) vehicles, the present paper proposes cognitive and meta-cognitive supervisor models for this kind of distributed robotic system. The cognitive supervisor model is a formalization of the recently Nobel-awarded research in brain science on mammalian and human path integration and navigation, performed by the hippocampus. This is formalized here as an adaptive Hamiltonian path integral, and efficiently simulated for implementation on robotic vehicles as a pair of coupled nonlinear Schr?dinger equations. The meta-cognitive supervisor model is a modal logic of actions and plans that hinges on a weak causality relation that specifies when atoms may change their values without specifying that they must change. This relatively simple logic is decidable yet sufficiently expressive to support the level of inference needed in our application. The atoms and action primitives of the logic framework also provide a straight-forward way of connecting the meta-cognitive supervisor with the cognitive supervisor, with other modules, and to the meta-cognitive supervisors of other robotic platforms in the swarm.
基金supported in part by the Public Technology Research Plan of Zhejiang Province (LGJ21F030001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62302448)the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Network Standards and Technologies (2013E10012)。
文摘In this paper, we study the supervisory control problem of discrete event systems assuming that cyber-attacks might occur. In particular, we focus on the problem of liveness enforcement and consider a sensor-reading modification attack(SM-attack) that may disguise the occurrence of an event as that of another event by intruding sensor communication channels. To solve the problem, we introduce non-deterministic supervisors in the paper, which associate to every observed sequence a set of possible control actions offline and choose a control action from the set randomly online to control the system. Specifically, given a bounded Petri net(PN) as the reference formalism and an SMattack, an algorithm that synthesizes a liveness-enforcing nondeterministic supervisor tolerant to the SM-attack is proposed for the first time.
文摘In this paper, a new reliable hierarchical model is suggested for a two-wagon train Networked Control System. Each wagon has a Controller that carries the control load and an Entertainment server that handles the entertainment. A supervisory controller runs on top of the two controllers and the two entertainment servers. Contrary to a similar model in the literature, the Supervisory node replaces a Controller as soon as it fails (Active Supervisor). All system states are analyzed and simulated using OPNET. It is shown that, for all states, this architecture has zero control packets dropped and the end-to-end delay is below the maximum target delay. A comparison between this Active model and the other model in the literature is presented. It is found that the entertainment in this new architecture is kept available for the passengers in more of the system states when compared to the architecture previously presented in the literature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project no.72272117).
文摘Background:In the pursuit of fostering employees’well-being,leaders are recognized as playing a vital role.However,so far,most of the existing research has focused on leadership behavior and the superficial interaction between leaders and members but has unexpectedly ignored the specific supporting role of supervisors in the career development of employees,that is,supervisory career support.Additionally,the internal mechanism of how career support from supervisors is related to and promotes employees’wellbeing is still unclear.Based on social cognitive career theory(SCCT),this study aimed to explore whether,how,and when supervisory career support affects employee well-being by introducing the two paths of‘career prospect’and‘career confidence.’Methods:During July 2023,this study employed a cross-sectional design.We gathered participants from corporate situated in Southern China.Results:Results based on a large sample of 14,533 employees showed that supervisory career support was positively related to employees’well-being through the dual path of career prospects(opportunity)and career confidence(ability).Employees high in proactive personality experienced the above positive effects most.Conclusion:This study provides meaningful implications for managers to implement personalized support strategies to improve employees’well-being.
文摘Operational mechanism of supervisory audit in Chinese listed companies is not ideal, the supervisory effect of the listed company rely on features of supervisors＇ board and member of the supervisors＇ board. Based on the comparison of supervisory audit in Britain, Germany, France and Japan, and the empirical research on 100 listed companies in a share market, the paper analyses supervisory audit in Chinese listed companies, and proposes some perfection solutions to strengthen supervisory audit.
文摘This study aimed to assess the effect of customer verbal aggression(CVA)on job burnout(JB)in frontline employee in both hotels and travel agencies,trying to reveal if there is a difference between both sectors in this context.The study additionally tested the moderation role of perceived supervisor support(PSS)in the relation between customer verbal aggression and burnout in hotels and travel agencies.Two versions of the questionnaire were distributed online.The first among hotels employees and the second was addressed to travel agencies employees;613 were retrieved and analyzed using the version of Spss 23.0.The results showed a significant difference among the level of customer verbal aggression,job burnout,and perceived supervisor support in hotels and travel agencies.Although there was a significant relation between customer verbal aggression and job burnout among frontline employees in both settings,this relationship was moderated by PSS in hotels but not in travel agencies.Eventually,the study concludes with recommendations and practical managerial implications in this regard and it can be considered as a first step for helping practitioners to efficiently manage such a phenomenon.
