目的探讨案例学习(case-based learning,CBL)-问题学习(problem-based learning,PBL)-循证医学(evidence-based medicine,EBM)整合教学法在肾脏内科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果。方法选取2023年2月1日—8月31日期间于肾脏内科轮转...目的探讨案例学习(case-based learning,CBL)-问题学习(problem-based learning,PBL)-循证医学(evidence-based medicine,EBM)整合教学法在肾脏内科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果。方法选取2023年2月1日—8月31日期间于肾脏内科轮转时间为2个月的60名内科规培医师,按照1∶1比例随机分为试验组(CBL-PBL-EBM组)和对照组(CBL组)。对比分析两组规培医师轮转结束时的理论考试、病案分析、综合能力评分。结果试验组与对照组理论考核成绩差异无统计学意义(45.21±3.67 vs 44.02±4.90,P>0.05)。试验组病案分析考核成绩高于对照组(42.48±2.35 vs 38.45±3.24,P<0.05),综合评分高于对照组(92.24±1.69 vs 89.21±1.56,P<0.05),同时试验组在自主学习、文献查询能力、批判性思维、归纳总结能力方面的评分也明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CBL-PBL-EBM整合教学法在教学效果上总体优于CBL教学法,能够有效实现规培目标,并促进肾脏内科规培医师综合素质的提升。展开更多
Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI coun...Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI countries).Therefore,this study aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of sustainable development of BRI countries in a reasonable and objective manner.Eventually,this study employs the super efficiency slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model,which considers unexpected outputs to measure the level of sustainable development of BRI countries.The dynamic change and composition of the sustainable development level of these countries are calculated using the global Malmquist-Luenberger index.Furthermore,the Tobit model is used to identify the factors influencing the level of sustainable development of BRI countries in general and in various categories.The empirical results suggest the following points.(a)The overall level of sustainable development of BRI countries is low,whereas those of high-income and middle-and high-income countries are relatively high.(b)The overall sustainable development levels of BRI countries declined to a certain extent in 2008 owing to the effect of the financial crisis,.However,the sustainable development level of other countries,barring low-income countries,has gradually increased since 2011.(c)Since 2008,technological progress has replaced technical efficiency as the main driving force behind the improvement of the sustainable development level of BRI countries.(d)A U-shaped relationship is observed between the economic and sustainable development levels of these countries.(e)The level of science and technology and the proportion of renewable energy consumption can promote the sustainable development of these countries.Moreover,a negative correlation exists between the level of opening to the outside world and that of sustainable development of countries that mainly export resource-based products and are dominated by labor-intensive export industries.Barring low-income countries,the energy structure plays an effective role in improving the level of sustainable development.Finally,the study presents suggestions for China in the process of coping with the sustainable development of relevant countries during its promotion of the BRI.展开更多
Since the “smart growth” was put forward in the late 90s, it has become an accepted design idea and concept in the field of urban design in the world, and has been deeply studied and applied. In order to better prom...Since the “smart growth” was put forward in the late 90s, it has become an accepted design idea and concept in the field of urban design in the world, and has been deeply studied and applied. In order to better promote “smart grown”, we set up an evaluation system, which consists of eleven indicators. In this paper, Oxford City and Fengzhen City are used as the objects of the study. Then smart growth evaluation model is established. The weight of the index is calculated by the entropy method. We use the model to evaluate the development plans of the two cities, from which to calculate the contribution of the indicators on the level of smart growth. Finally, we use the super-efficient data envelopment analysis model (DEA) to rank the importance of the indicators to the smart growth. The results show that the level of smart growth in Oxford is higher than that in Fengzhen. And “Multifunctional Building Density in Central City”, “The Density of Public Area in Central City” two indicators account for more than 36% weight. The contribution of the two indicators is also located in the top two indicators. Two cities focus on the direction of smart growth is also different. In summary, the differences between China and Western countries in urban planning are mainly focused on housing and public resources.展开更多
[目的]评估疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Group,DRG)支付方式改革对肺癌手术患者住院费用的影响,为进一步完善DRG支付方式改革提供参考。[方法]收集某肿瘤专科医院2020年1月1日至2023年12月31日期间出院的肺癌手术患者数据,采用...[目的]评估疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Group,DRG)支付方式改革对肺癌手术患者住院费用的影响,为进一步完善DRG支付方式改革提供参考。[方法]收集某肿瘤专科医院2020年1月1日至2023年12月31日期间出院的肺癌手术患者数据,采用熵平衡匹配控制各组患者人口学特征差异,采用双重差分模型评估DRG支付改革对肺癌手术患者住院费用及住院天数的影响。[结果]本研究共纳入7921例肺癌手术患者,经熵平衡匹配后进行双重差分模型分析。结果显示:与DRG支付改革前相比,改革后肺癌手术患者住院费用、药品费用以及诊断费用分别降低了8.2%(P<0.001)、26.2%(P<0.001)以及10.0%(P=0.002),但材料费、治疗费、医疗服务费以及住院天数变化不明显(P>0.05)。[结论]DRG支付方式改革能够降低肺癌手术患者住院费用,但仍需加强对住院费用结构的优化,进一步提高体现医务人员劳动技术价值的费用占比。展开更多
目的探讨循证医学教育(evidence-based medicine education,EBME)模式结合翻转课堂教学法在呼吸内科住院医师规范化培训中的临床教学查房中的作用和效果。方法选择2020年1—12月安徽医科大学第二附属医院呼吸内科住培学员113名为研究对...目的探讨循证医学教育(evidence-based medicine education,EBME)模式结合翻转课堂教学法在呼吸内科住院医师规范化培训中的临床教学查房中的作用和效果。方法选择2020年1—12月安徽医科大学第二附属医院呼吸内科住培学员113名为研究对象,将学员分为三组(EBME模式联合翻转课堂教学组39名、EBME模式教学组36名、传统教学组38名),对三组培训后采用定类与定量统计分析及问卷调查相结合,对出科考试、技能考试、综合评价和满意度问卷调查进行对比分析。结果EBME模式结合翻转课堂教学法组别学员的各项理论考核和培训成效满意度问卷调查结果均优越于对比组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论EBME模式与翻转课堂联合的教学模式应用于临床教学查房,有利于提高学员的综合学习能力、搜集循证能力、临床思维能力和临床实践能力,为住院医师规范化培训开拓新模式和新思路。展开更多
文摘目的探讨案例学习(case-based learning,CBL)-问题学习(problem-based learning,PBL)-循证医学(evidence-based medicine,EBM)整合教学法在肾脏内科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果。方法选取2023年2月1日—8月31日期间于肾脏内科轮转时间为2个月的60名内科规培医师,按照1∶1比例随机分为试验组(CBL-PBL-EBM组)和对照组(CBL组)。对比分析两组规培医师轮转结束时的理论考试、病案分析、综合能力评分。结果试验组与对照组理论考核成绩差异无统计学意义(45.21±3.67 vs 44.02±4.90,P>0.05)。试验组病案分析考核成绩高于对照组(42.48±2.35 vs 38.45±3.24,P<0.05),综合评分高于对照组(92.24±1.69 vs 89.21±1.56,P<0.05),同时试验组在自主学习、文献查询能力、批判性思维、归纳总结能力方面的评分也明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CBL-PBL-EBM整合教学法在教学效果上总体优于CBL教学法,能够有效实现规培目标,并促进肾脏内科规培医师综合素质的提升。
文摘Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI countries).Therefore,this study aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of sustainable development of BRI countries in a reasonable and objective manner.Eventually,this study employs the super efficiency slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model,which considers unexpected outputs to measure the level of sustainable development of BRI countries.The dynamic change and composition of the sustainable development level of these countries are calculated using the global Malmquist-Luenberger index.Furthermore,the Tobit model is used to identify the factors influencing the level of sustainable development of BRI countries in general and in various categories.The empirical results suggest the following points.(a)The overall level of sustainable development of BRI countries is low,whereas those of high-income and middle-and high-income countries are relatively high.(b)The overall sustainable development levels of BRI countries declined to a certain extent in 2008 owing to the effect of the financial crisis,.However,the sustainable development level of other countries,barring low-income countries,has gradually increased since 2011.(c)Since 2008,technological progress has replaced technical efficiency as the main driving force behind the improvement of the sustainable development level of BRI countries.(d)A U-shaped relationship is observed between the economic and sustainable development levels of these countries.(e)The level of science and technology and the proportion of renewable energy consumption can promote the sustainable development of these countries.Moreover,a negative correlation exists between the level of opening to the outside world and that of sustainable development of countries that mainly export resource-based products and are dominated by labor-intensive export industries.Barring low-income countries,the energy structure plays an effective role in improving the level of sustainable development.Finally,the study presents suggestions for China in the process of coping with the sustainable development of relevant countries during its promotion of the BRI.
文摘Since the “smart growth” was put forward in the late 90s, it has become an accepted design idea and concept in the field of urban design in the world, and has been deeply studied and applied. In order to better promote “smart grown”, we set up an evaluation system, which consists of eleven indicators. In this paper, Oxford City and Fengzhen City are used as the objects of the study. Then smart growth evaluation model is established. The weight of the index is calculated by the entropy method. We use the model to evaluate the development plans of the two cities, from which to calculate the contribution of the indicators on the level of smart growth. Finally, we use the super-efficient data envelopment analysis model (DEA) to rank the importance of the indicators to the smart growth. The results show that the level of smart growth in Oxford is higher than that in Fengzhen. And “Multifunctional Building Density in Central City”, “The Density of Public Area in Central City” two indicators account for more than 36% weight. The contribution of the two indicators is also located in the top two indicators. Two cities focus on the direction of smart growth is also different. In summary, the differences between China and Western countries in urban planning are mainly focused on housing and public resources.
文摘[目的]评估疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Group,DRG)支付方式改革对肺癌手术患者住院费用的影响,为进一步完善DRG支付方式改革提供参考。[方法]收集某肿瘤专科医院2020年1月1日至2023年12月31日期间出院的肺癌手术患者数据,采用熵平衡匹配控制各组患者人口学特征差异,采用双重差分模型评估DRG支付改革对肺癌手术患者住院费用及住院天数的影响。[结果]本研究共纳入7921例肺癌手术患者,经熵平衡匹配后进行双重差分模型分析。结果显示:与DRG支付改革前相比,改革后肺癌手术患者住院费用、药品费用以及诊断费用分别降低了8.2%(P<0.001)、26.2%(P<0.001)以及10.0%(P=0.002),但材料费、治疗费、医疗服务费以及住院天数变化不明显(P>0.05)。[结论]DRG支付方式改革能够降低肺癌手术患者住院费用,但仍需加强对住院费用结构的优化,进一步提高体现医务人员劳动技术价值的费用占比。
文摘目的探讨循证医学教育(evidence-based medicine education,EBME)模式结合翻转课堂教学法在呼吸内科住院医师规范化培训中的临床教学查房中的作用和效果。方法选择2020年1—12月安徽医科大学第二附属医院呼吸内科住培学员113名为研究对象,将学员分为三组(EBME模式联合翻转课堂教学组39名、EBME模式教学组36名、传统教学组38名),对三组培训后采用定类与定量统计分析及问卷调查相结合,对出科考试、技能考试、综合评价和满意度问卷调查进行对比分析。结果EBME模式结合翻转课堂教学法组别学员的各项理论考核和培训成效满意度问卷调查结果均优越于对比组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论EBME模式与翻转课堂联合的教学模式应用于临床教学查房,有利于提高学员的综合学习能力、搜集循证能力、临床思维能力和临床实践能力,为住院医师规范化培训开拓新模式和新思路。
