Forests are experiencing more frequent and intense wildfires in Canada,which pose considerable threats to water quantity and quality,particularly during the summer low-flow period when water demand is high.While the i...Forests are experiencing more frequent and intense wildfires in Canada,which pose considerable threats to water quantity and quality,particularly during the summer low-flow period when water demand is high.While the impacts of wildfire on hydrology have been widely assessed at the watershed scale,the underlying mechanisms of the responses of summer low flows remain poorly understood.In this study,we employed an integrated research framework that combines hydrometric monitoring with geochemical tracing to evaluate how the 2021 White Rock Lake Wildfire affected summer low flows,and to identify the underlying mechanisms governing these responses in the Okanagan Valley,British Columbia(BC),Canada.We found that(1)summer low flows,represented by Q90(flows exceeded at 90%of the time in summer)significantly increased following the wildfire(p<0.05);(2)summer low flows were primarily regulated by snow water in early summer(July),while dominated by groundwater in late summer(August and September);and(3)enhanced snow water contribution and reduced evapotranspiration(ET)were two primary contributors to the increased summer low flows.Our results provide insights for developing sustainable water management strategies for the region in the context of climate change and increasing forest disturbance.This study also demonstrates that the combination of hydrometric monitoring and geochemical tracing is an effective approach towards uncovering mechanisms that drive low-flow responses.展开更多
The temporal variations during 1948-2010 and vertical structures of the summer Somali and Australia cross-equatorial flows （CEFs） and the implications for the Asian summer monsoon were explored in this study. The st...The temporal variations during 1948-2010 and vertical structures of the summer Somali and Australia cross-equatorial flows （CEFs） and the implications for the Asian summer monsoon were explored in this study. The strongest southerly and northerly CEFs exist at 925 hPa and 150 hPa level, respectively. The low-level Somali （LLS） CEFs were significantly connected with the rainfall in most regions of India （especially the monsoon regions）, except in a small area in southwest India. In comparison to the climatology, the low- level Australia （LLA） CEFs exhibited stronger variations at interannual time scale and are more closely connected to the East Asian summer monsoon circulation than to the LLS CEFs. The East Asian summer monsoon circulation anomalies related to stronger LLA CEFs were associ- ated with less water vapor content and less rainfall in the region between the middle Yellow River and Yangtze River and with more water vapor and more rainfall in southern China. The sea-surface tempera- ture anomalies east of Australia related to summer LLA CEFs emerge in spring and persist into summer, with implications for the seasonal prediction of summer rainfall in East Asia. The connection between the LLA CEFs and East Asian summer monsoon rainfall may be partly due to its linkage with E1 Nino-Southern Oscillation. In addition, both the LLA and LLS CEFs .exhibited interdecadal shifts in the late 1970s and the late 1990s, consistent with the phase shifts of Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）.展开更多
Global gridded daily mean data from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis(1948-2012) are used to obtain the onset date,retreat date and duration time series of the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) for the past 65 years.The su...Global gridded daily mean data from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis(1948-2012) are used to obtain the onset date,retreat date and duration time series of the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) for the past 65 years.The summer monsoon onset(retreat) date is defined as the time when the mean zonal wind at 850 hPa shifts steadily from easterly(westerly) to westerly(easterly) and the pseudo-equivalent potential temperature at the same level remains steady at greater than 335 K(less than 335 K) in the South China Sea area[110-120°E(10-20°N)].The clockwise vortex of the equatorial Indian Ocean region,together with the cross-equatorial flow and the subtropical high,plays a decisive role in the burst of the SCSSM.The onset date of the SCSSM is closely related to its intensity.With late(early) onset of the summer monsoon,its intensity is relatively strong(weak),and the zonal wind undergoes an early(late) abrupt change in the upper troposphere.Climate warming significantly affects the onset and retreat dates of the SCSSM and its intensity.With climate warming,the number of early-onset(-retreat) years of the SCSSM is clearly greater(less),and the SCSSM is clearly weakened.展开更多
After defining landslide and debris flow, human activity, and precipitation indices, using with landslide and debris flow disaster data in low-latitude plateau of China, reflecting human activity and precipitation dat...After defining landslide and debris flow, human activity, and precipitation indices, using with landslide and debris flow disaster data in low-latitude plateau of China, reflecting human activity and precipitation data, the influence of human activity and precipitation on mid-long term evolution of landslide and debris flow was studied with the wavelet technique. Results indicate that mid-long evolution of landslide and debris flow disaster trends to increase 0.9 unit every year, and presents obvious stage feature. The abrupt point from rare to frequent periods took place in 1993. There is significant in-phase resonance oscillation between human activity and landslide and debris flow frequency on a scale of 11-16 years, in which the variation of human activity occurs about 0.2-2.8 years before landslide and debris flow variation. Thus, the increase of landslide and debris flow frequency in low latitude plateau of China may be mainly caused by geo-environmental degradation induced by human activity. After the impact of human activity is removed, there is sig- nificant in-phase resonance oscillation between landslide and debris flow frequency and summer rainfall in low-latitude plateau of China in quasi-three-year and quasi-six-year scales, in which the variation of summer precipitation occurs about 0.0-0.8 years before landslide and debris flow variation. Summer precipitation is one of important external causes which impacts landslide and debris flow frequency in low-latitude plateau of China. The mid-long term evolution predicting model of landslide and debris flow disasters frequency in low-latitude plateau region with better fitting and predicting ability was built by considering human activity and summer rainfall.展开更多
利用1979—2014年ERA-Interim逐月的风场、海平面气压场和位势高度场等再分析资料以及中国160站降水观测资料,采用回归分析等方法分析了盛夏(7、8月)南海(South China Sea,SCS)低空越赤道气流(Cross-Equatorial Flow,CEF)的变化及其与...利用1979—2014年ERA-Interim逐月的风场、海平面气压场和位势高度场等再分析资料以及中国160站降水观测资料,采用回归分析等方法分析了盛夏(7、8月)南海(South China Sea,SCS)低空越赤道气流(Cross-Equatorial Flow,CEF)的变化及其与东亚夏季风的联系,结果表明:盛夏南海低空越赤道气流(SCEF)强度指数与南海夏季风强度指数呈显著的正相关关系,与东亚副热带夏季风强度指数呈显著的负相关关系。当盛夏SCEF偏强(弱)时,亚洲热带低压及西太平洋赤道辐合带增强(减弱),西太平洋副热带高压强度减弱(增强)、东撤(西伸),南海北部和西北太平洋地区为明显的气旋式(反气旋式)环流异常,使得南海夏季风增强(减弱)和东亚副热带夏季风减弱(增强)。此外,当盛夏SCEF偏强时,由于东亚副热带夏季风减弱,我国华南地区为东北风异常,华北地区为偏南风异常,受其影响,我国华南地区为显著的水汽辐合区,华中地区为显著的水汽辐散区,使得盛夏华南地区降水增多,华中地区降水减少;反之亦然。展开更多
【目的】保护性耕作有利于水土保持和提高土壤有机碳库,而对氮素氨挥发的影响并不是很清楚。研究长期定位试验下华北农田施肥后氨挥发发生规律,探索保护性耕作条件下的氮素利用率。【方法】采用间歇动态箱式法对翻耕、旋耕和免耕3种耕...【目的】保护性耕作有利于水土保持和提高土壤有机碳库,而对氮素氨挥发的影响并不是很清楚。研究长期定位试验下华北农田施肥后氨挥发发生规律,探索保护性耕作条件下的氮素利用率。【方法】采用间歇动态箱式法对翻耕、旋耕和免耕3种耕作方式下冬小麦-夏玉米农田氨挥发通量及其影响因素进行比较研究。【结果】相对于翻耕和旋耕处理,免耕显著促进了小麦季和玉米季地表追肥的氨挥发,但显著降低了小麦基肥期的氨挥发速率。翻耕、旋耕和免耕下小麦-玉米全生育期氨挥发损失量为15.8、18.4和28.6 kg hm-2 a-1,分别占施肥量的4.9%、5.7%和8.8%。实验室培养分析表明,免耕和旋耕显著提高了表层(0—5 cm)土壤脲酶活性,加速尿素水解为NH4+,从而促进氨挥发。【结论】免耕条件下,肥料表施易发生氨挥发,采用一次性深施是减少免耕氨挥发的有效途径之一。展开更多
基金the China Scholarship Council(CSC)the Uplifting Reciprocal Research Scholarship Program for sponsoring Shixuan Lyu+1 种基金supported by MITACS Accelerate(No.IT39116)the Okanagan Basin Water Board water conservation and quality improvement grant program。
文摘Forests are experiencing more frequent and intense wildfires in Canada,which pose considerable threats to water quantity and quality,particularly during the summer low-flow period when water demand is high.While the impacts of wildfire on hydrology have been widely assessed at the watershed scale,the underlying mechanisms of the responses of summer low flows remain poorly understood.In this study,we employed an integrated research framework that combines hydrometric monitoring with geochemical tracing to evaluate how the 2021 White Rock Lake Wildfire affected summer low flows,and to identify the underlying mechanisms governing these responses in the Okanagan Valley,British Columbia(BC),Canada.We found that(1)summer low flows,represented by Q90(flows exceeded at 90%of the time in summer)significantly increased following the wildfire(p<0.05);(2)summer low flows were primarily regulated by snow water in early summer(July),while dominated by groundwater in late summer(August and September);and(3)enhanced snow water contribution and reduced evapotranspiration(ET)were two primary contributors to the increased summer low flows.Our results provide insights for developing sustainable water management strategies for the region in the context of climate change and increasing forest disturbance.This study also demonstrates that the combination of hydrometric monitoring and geochemical tracing is an effective approach towards uncovering mechanisms that drive low-flow responses.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos. 2009CB421406 and 2010CB950304)the Special Fund for the Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology+1 种基金Grant Nos. GYHY201006022 and GYHY200906018)the strategic technological program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05090405)
文摘The temporal variations during 1948-2010 and vertical structures of the summer Somali and Australia cross-equatorial flows （CEFs） and the implications for the Asian summer monsoon were explored in this study. The strongest southerly and northerly CEFs exist at 925 hPa and 150 hPa level, respectively. The low-level Somali （LLS） CEFs were significantly connected with the rainfall in most regions of India （especially the monsoon regions）, except in a small area in southwest India. In comparison to the climatology, the low- level Australia （LLA） CEFs exhibited stronger variations at interannual time scale and are more closely connected to the East Asian summer monsoon circulation than to the LLS CEFs. The East Asian summer monsoon circulation anomalies related to stronger LLA CEFs were associ- ated with less water vapor content and less rainfall in the region between the middle Yellow River and Yangtze River and with more water vapor and more rainfall in southern China. The sea-surface tempera- ture anomalies east of Australia related to summer LLA CEFs emerge in spring and persist into summer, with implications for the seasonal prediction of summer rainfall in East Asia. The connection between the LLA CEFs and East Asian summer monsoon rainfall may be partly due to its linkage with E1 Nino-Southern Oscillation. In addition, both the LLA and LLS CEFs .exhibited interdecadal shifts in the late 1970s and the late 1990s, consistent with the phase shifts of Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）.
基金National Key Basic Research and Development Planning Program of China(Program 973)(2013CB430202)Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20130997)+1 种基金National Natural Science Fund of China(91337109)Project Funded by the Priority Academic program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Global gridded daily mean data from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis(1948-2012) are used to obtain the onset date,retreat date and duration time series of the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) for the past 65 years.The summer monsoon onset(retreat) date is defined as the time when the mean zonal wind at 850 hPa shifts steadily from easterly(westerly) to westerly(easterly) and the pseudo-equivalent potential temperature at the same level remains steady at greater than 335 K(less than 335 K) in the South China Sea area[110-120°E(10-20°N)].The clockwise vortex of the equatorial Indian Ocean region,together with the cross-equatorial flow and the subtropical high,plays a decisive role in the burst of the SCSSM.The onset date of the SCSSM is closely related to its intensity.With late(early) onset of the summer monsoon,its intensity is relatively strong(weak),and the zonal wind undergoes an early(late) abrupt change in the upper troposphere.Climate warming significantly affects the onset and retreat dates of the SCSSM and its intensity.With climate warming,the number of early-onset(-retreat) years of the SCSSM is clearly greater(less),and the SCSSM is clearly weakened.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U0933603)National Science and Technology Sup-port Program(Grant No.2011BAC09B07)
文摘After defining landslide and debris flow, human activity, and precipitation indices, using with landslide and debris flow disaster data in low-latitude plateau of China, reflecting human activity and precipitation data, the influence of human activity and precipitation on mid-long term evolution of landslide and debris flow was studied with the wavelet technique. Results indicate that mid-long evolution of landslide and debris flow disaster trends to increase 0.9 unit every year, and presents obvious stage feature. The abrupt point from rare to frequent periods took place in 1993. There is significant in-phase resonance oscillation between human activity and landslide and debris flow frequency on a scale of 11-16 years, in which the variation of human activity occurs about 0.2-2.8 years before landslide and debris flow variation. Thus, the increase of landslide and debris flow frequency in low latitude plateau of China may be mainly caused by geo-environmental degradation induced by human activity. After the impact of human activity is removed, there is sig- nificant in-phase resonance oscillation between landslide and debris flow frequency and summer rainfall in low-latitude plateau of China in quasi-three-year and quasi-six-year scales, in which the variation of summer precipitation occurs about 0.0-0.8 years before landslide and debris flow variation. Summer precipitation is one of important external causes which impacts landslide and debris flow frequency in low-latitude plateau of China. The mid-long term evolution predicting model of landslide and debris flow disasters frequency in low-latitude plateau region with better fitting and predicting ability was built by considering human activity and summer rainfall.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42275025]the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number 2023084].
文摘利用1979—2014年ERA-Interim逐月的风场、海平面气压场和位势高度场等再分析资料以及中国160站降水观测资料,采用回归分析等方法分析了盛夏(7、8月)南海(South China Sea,SCS)低空越赤道气流(Cross-Equatorial Flow,CEF)的变化及其与东亚夏季风的联系,结果表明:盛夏南海低空越赤道气流(SCEF)强度指数与南海夏季风强度指数呈显著的正相关关系,与东亚副热带夏季风强度指数呈显著的负相关关系。当盛夏SCEF偏强(弱)时,亚洲热带低压及西太平洋赤道辐合带增强(减弱),西太平洋副热带高压强度减弱(增强)、东撤(西伸),南海北部和西北太平洋地区为明显的气旋式(反气旋式)环流异常,使得南海夏季风增强(减弱)和东亚副热带夏季风减弱(增强)。此外,当盛夏SCEF偏强时,由于东亚副热带夏季风减弱,我国华南地区为东北风异常,华北地区为偏南风异常,受其影响,我国华南地区为显著的水汽辐合区,华中地区为显著的水汽辐散区,使得盛夏华南地区降水增多,华中地区降水减少;反之亦然。
文摘【目的】保护性耕作有利于水土保持和提高土壤有机碳库,而对氮素氨挥发的影响并不是很清楚。研究长期定位试验下华北农田施肥后氨挥发发生规律,探索保护性耕作条件下的氮素利用率。【方法】采用间歇动态箱式法对翻耕、旋耕和免耕3种耕作方式下冬小麦-夏玉米农田氨挥发通量及其影响因素进行比较研究。【结果】相对于翻耕和旋耕处理,免耕显著促进了小麦季和玉米季地表追肥的氨挥发,但显著降低了小麦基肥期的氨挥发速率。翻耕、旋耕和免耕下小麦-玉米全生育期氨挥发损失量为15.8、18.4和28.6 kg hm-2 a-1,分别占施肥量的4.9%、5.7%和8.8%。实验室培养分析表明,免耕和旋耕显著提高了表层(0—5 cm)土壤脲酶活性,加速尿素水解为NH4+,从而促进氨挥发。【结论】免耕条件下,肥料表施易发生氨挥发,采用一次性深施是减少免耕氨挥发的有效途径之一。
