The study employed a descriptive mixed-methods qualitative case study approach.Material and interview-based data were collected from two EFL classes in a private international school in central China.Findings from RQ1...The study employed a descriptive mixed-methods qualitative case study approach.Material and interview-based data were collected from two EFL classes in a private international school in central China.Findings from RQ1 suggest that teacher-made summative tests were largely dependable to the extent that the tests reflect the syllabus-based construct and address students’affective factors.Findings from RQ2 suggest that facilitating factors including in-school continuous professional development(CPD)and teacher collegiality practices may enhance FUST’s prospective role.展开更多
Disruption of the MEKK1-MKK1/MKK2-MPK4 kinase cascade leads to activation of immunity mediated by the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)immune receptor SUMM2,which monitors the phosphorylation status of CRCK3...Disruption of the MEKK1-MKK1/MKK2-MPK4 kinase cascade leads to activation of immunity mediated by the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)immune receptor SUMM2,which monitors the phosphorylation status of CRCK3.Here we report that two receptor-like kinases(RLKs),MDS1,and MDS2,function redundantly to promote SUMM2-mediated immunity.Activation of SUMM2-mediated immunity is dependent on MDS1,and to a less extent on MDS2.MDS1 associates with CRCK3 in planta and can phosphorylate CRCK3 in vitro,suggesting that it may target CRCK3 to positively regulate SUMM2-mediated signaling.Our finding highlights a new defense mechanism where RLKs promote NLR-mediated immunity.展开更多
文摘The study employed a descriptive mixed-methods qualitative case study approach.Material and interview-based data were collected from two EFL classes in a private international school in central China.Findings from RQ1 suggest that teacher-made summative tests were largely dependable to the extent that the tests reflect the syllabus-based construct and address students’affective factors.Findings from RQ2 suggest that facilitating factors including in-school continuous professional development(CPD)and teacher collegiality practices may enhance FUST’s prospective role.
文摘Disruption of the MEKK1-MKK1/MKK2-MPK4 kinase cascade leads to activation of immunity mediated by the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)immune receptor SUMM2,which monitors the phosphorylation status of CRCK3.Here we report that two receptor-like kinases(RLKs),MDS1,and MDS2,function redundantly to promote SUMM2-mediated immunity.Activation of SUMM2-mediated immunity is dependent on MDS1,and to a less extent on MDS2.MDS1 associates with CRCK3 in planta and can phosphorylate CRCK3 in vitro,suggesting that it may target CRCK3 to positively regulate SUMM2-mediated signaling.Our finding highlights a new defense mechanism where RLKs promote NLR-mediated immunity.
