Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms lig...Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms ligand bonds or hydrogen bonds with sulfur ions in lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),thus inhibiting the shuttle effect.Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that lithium‑sulfur(Li‑S)batteries employing the NH2‑SS interlayer exhibited discharge specific capacities of 1048 and 789 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.2C and 2C,respectively,and even at 4C,the initial discharge specific capacity remained at 590 mAh·g^(-1),outperforming the Li‑S battery with unmodified SS as the interlayer.展开更多
Long-life energy storage batteries are integral to energy storage systems and electric vehicles,with lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently being the preferred option for extended usage-life energy storage.To further ex...Long-life energy storage batteries are integral to energy storage systems and electric vehicles,with lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently being the preferred option for extended usage-life energy storage.To further extend the life span of LIBs,it is essential to intensify investments in battery design,manufacturing processes,and the advancement of ancillary materials.The pursuit of long durability introduces new challenges for battery energy density.The advent of electrode material offers effective support in enhancing the battery’s long-duration performance.Often underestimated as part of the cathode composition,the binder plays a pivotal role in the longevity and electrochemical performance of the electrode.Maintaining the mechanical integrity of the electrode through judicious binder design is a fundamental requirement for achieving consistent long-life cycles and high energy density.This paper primarily concentrates on the commonly employed cathode systems in lithium-ion batteries,elucidates the significance of binders for both,discusses the application status,strengths,and weaknesses of novel binders,and ultimately puts forth corresponding optimization strategies.It underscores the critical function of binders in enhancing battery performance and advancing the sustainable development of lithium-ion batteries,aiming to offer fresh insights and perspectives for the design of high-performance LIBs.展开更多
Hard carbon(HC)in sodium-ion batteries is searched by numerous investigations,which can offer the excellent performance of reversible Na^(+)insertion and extraction.The covalent heteroatom doping in HC is recently wor...Hard carbon(HC)in sodium-ion batteries is searched by numerous investigations,which can offer the excellent performance of reversible Na^(+)insertion and extraction.The covalent heteroatom doping in HC is recently worth concentrating,which can dilate the interlayer spacing of graphite to adjust the electrochemical storage performance in carbon anodes.However,the reported doping strategies of the modified HC have only resulted in limited improvement,especially unobvious effects on tuning porous structure.In this study,tannin extract and K_(2)SO_(4) are respectively utilized as carbon source and sulfur source for the fabrication of HC,in which K_(2)SO_(4) can contribute to the heteroatom doping,and the pore forming as well.The tannin-derived sulfur-doped carbon anode shows the excellent cycle stability,achieving a high reversible capacity of 520.5 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g.Even after 500 cycles at a current density of 3 A/g,a high specific capacity of 236.7 mAh/g and a capacity retention rate of 92.6%can be reserved.Compared with the initial carbon,the adsorption energy of Na^(+)is multifold times higher,whereas Na^(+)diffusion energy barriers manyfold decrease.Moreover,the full battery assembled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/tannin-based HC demonstrates a stable cycling performance.This work can manifest the potentiality of the tannin-based electrode as anode for a high-performance sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),which could especially offer an explanation of Na^(+)storage and solid-electrolyte interface(SEI)stability to the electrochemical performance.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries require efficient catalysts to accelerate polysulfide conversion and mitigate the shuttle effect.However,the rational design of catalysts remains challenging due to the lack of a systemat...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries require efficient catalysts to accelerate polysulfide conversion and mitigate the shuttle effect.However,the rational design of catalysts remains challenging due to the lack of a systematic strategy that rationally optimizes electronic structures and mesoscale transport properties.In this work,we propose an autogenously transformed CoWO_(4)/WO_(2) heterojunction catalyst,integrating a strong polysulfide-adsorbing intercalation catalyst with a metallic-phase promoter for enhanced activity.CoWO_(4) effectively captures polysulfides,while the CoWO_(4)/WO_(2) interface facilitates their S-S bond activation on heterogenous catalytic sites.Benefiting from its directional intercalation channels,CoWO_(4) not only serves as a dynamic Li-ion reservoir but also provides continuous and direct pathways for rapid Li-ion transport.Such synergistic interactions across the heterojunction interfaces enhance the catalytic activity of the composite.As a result,the CoWO_(4)/WO_(2) heterostructure demonstrates significantly enhanced catalytic performance,delivering a high capacity of 1262 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 C.Furthermore,its rate capability and high sulfur loading performance are markedly improved,surpassing the limitations of its single-component counterparts.This study provides new insights into the catalytic mechanisms governing Li-S chemistry and offers a promising strategy for the rational design of high-performance Li-S battery catalysts.展开更多
Ferroptosis has exhibited great potential in therapies and intracellular reducing agents of sulfur species(RSSs) in the thiol-dependent redox systems are crucial in ferroptosis.This makes the simultaneous detection of...Ferroptosis has exhibited great potential in therapies and intracellular reducing agents of sulfur species(RSSs) in the thiol-dependent redox systems are crucial in ferroptosis.This makes the simultaneous detection of multiple RSSs significant for evaluating ferroptosis therapy.However,the traditional techniques,including fluorescent(FL) imaging and electrospray ionization-based mass spectrometry(MS) detection,cannot achieve the discrimination of different RSSs.Herein,simultaneous MS detection of multiple RSSs,including cysteine(Cys),homocysteine(Hcy),glutathione(GSH) and hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),was obtained upon enhancing ionization efficiency by a fluorescent probe(NBD-O-1).Based on the interaction between NBD-O-1 and RSSs,the complex of RSSs with a fragment of NBD-O-1 can be generated,which can be easily ionized for MS detection in the negative mode.Therefore,the intracellular RSSs can be well detected upon the incubation of He La cells with the probe of NBD-O-1,exhibiting the total RSS levels by the FL imaging and further providing expression of each RSS by enhanced MS detection.Furthermore,the RSSs during ferroptosis in He La cells have been evaluated using the present strategy,demonstrating the potential for ferroptosis examinations.This work has made an unconventional application of a fluorescent probe to enhance the detection of multiple RSSs by MS,providing significant molecular information for addressing the ferroptosis mechanism.展开更多
The development of catalytic multicomponent reactions for constructing complex organic scaffolds from readily accessible commodity chemicals is a key pursuit in contemporary synthetic chemistry.Current methods for syn...The development of catalytic multicomponent reactions for constructing complex organic scaffolds from readily accessible commodity chemicals is a key pursuit in contemporary synthetic chemistry.Current methods for synthesizing thioesters primarily rely on the acylation of thiols,which produces substantial waste and requires malodorous,unstable sulfur sources.In this work,we introduce a photocatalyzed hydrogen transfer strategy that enables a three-component synthesis of thioesters using abundant primary alcohols,easily available alkenes and elemental sulfur under mild conditions.This protocol demonstrates broad applicability and high chemo-and regioselectivity for both primary alcohols and alkenes,highlighting the advantage and potential of photo-mediated hydrogen transfer in facilitating multicomponent reactions using primary alcohol and elemental sulfur feedstocks.展开更多
Photo-assisted lithium–sulfur batteries(PALSBs)offer an eco-friendly solution to address the issue of sluggish reaction kinetics of conventional LSBs.However,designing an efficient photoelectrode for practical implem...Photo-assisted lithium–sulfur batteries(PALSBs)offer an eco-friendly solution to address the issue of sluggish reaction kinetics of conventional LSBs.However,designing an efficient photoelectrode for practical implementation remains a significant challenge.Herein,we construct a free-standing polymer–inorganic hybrid photoelectrode with a direct Z-scheme heterostructure to develop high-efficiency PALSBs.Specifically,polypyrrole(PPy)is in situ vapor-phase polymerized on the surface of N-doped TiO_(2) nanorods supported on carbon cloth(N-TiO_(2)/CC),thereby forming a well-defined p–n heterojunction.This architecture efficiently facilitates the carrier separation of photo-generated electron–hole pairs and significantly enhances carrier transport by creating a built-in electric field.Thus,the PPy@N-TiO_(2)/CC can simultaneously act as a photocatalyst and an electrocatalyst to accelerate the reduction and evolution of sulfur,enabling ultrafast sulfur redox dynamics,as convincingly validated by both theoretical simulations and experimental results.Consequently,the PPy@N-TiO_(2)/CC PALSB achieves a high discharge capacity of 1653 mAh g^(−1),reaching 98.7%of the theoretical value.Furthermore,5 h of photo-charging without external voltage enables the PALSB to deliver a discharge capacity of 333 mAh g^(−1),achieving dual-mode energy harvesting capabilities.This work successfully integrates solar energy conversion and storage within a rechargeable battery system,providing a promising strategy for sustainable energy storage technologies.展开更多
The development of high-sulfur-loading Li-S batteries is a key prerequisite for their commercial applications.This requires to surmount the huge polarization,severe polysulfide shuttling and drastic volume change caus...The development of high-sulfur-loading Li-S batteries is a key prerequisite for their commercial applications.This requires to surmount the huge polarization,severe polysulfide shuttling and drastic volume change caused by electrode thickening.High-strength polar binders are ideal for constructing robust and long-life high-loading sulfur cathodes but show very weak interfacial interaction with non-polar sulfur materials.To address this issue,this work devises a highly integrated sulfur@polydopamine/highstrength binder composite cathodes,targeting long-lasting and high-sulfur-loading Li-S batteries.The super-adhesion polydopamine(PD)can form a uniform nano-coating over the graphene/sulfur(G-S)surface and provide strong affinity to the cross-linked polyacrylamide(c-PAM)binder,thus tightly integrating sulfur with the binder network and greatly boosting the overall mechanical strength/conductivity of the electrode.Moreover,the PD coating and c-PAM binder rich in polar groups can form two effective blockades against the effusion of soluble polysulfides.As such,the 4.5 mg cm−2 sulfur-loaded G-S@PD-c-PAM cathode achieves a capacity of 480 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 C,while maintaining a capacity of 396 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.2 C when the sulfur loading rises to 9.1 mg cm−2.This work provides a system-wide concept for constructing high-loading sulfur cathodes through integrated structural design.展开更多
Na-alginate as a binder in an aqueous solvent has been applied in the preparation of sulfur cathodes for lithium-sulfur batteries.Their electrochemical performances have been investigated by a charge-discharge cycle t...Na-alginate as a binder in an aqueous solvent has been applied in the preparation of sulfur cathodes for lithium-sulfur batteries.Their electrochemical performances have been investigated by a charge-discharge cycle test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The EIS tests indicated that the alginate sulfur cathode had lower resistance and better kinetic characteristics than those of the poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) sulfur cathode using PVDF as a binder in a N-methy-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent.The charge-discharge tests showed that the discharge capacity and the capacity retention rate of Na-alginate sulfur cathode were 508 mAh·g-1and 65.4% at the 50th cycle with a current density of 335 mA·g-1.Compared with PVDF sulfur cathode,the alginate sulfur cathode showed a remarkably better cycle performance.These results show that the alginate binder has promising potential for lithium-sulfur battery applications.展开更多
Binders could play crucial or even decisive roles in the fabrication of low-cost, stable and high-capacity electrodes. This is especially the case for the silicon (Si) anodes and sulfur (S) cathodes that undergo large...Binders could play crucial or even decisive roles in the fabrication of low-cost, stable and high-capacity electrodes. This is especially the case for the silicon (Si) anodes and sulfur (S) cathodes that undergo large volume change and active material loss in lithium-ion batteries during prolonged cycles. Herein, a hydrophilic polymer poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PMVEMA) was explored as a dual-functional aqueous binder for the preparation of high-performance silicon anode and sulfur cathode. Benefiting from the dual functions of PMVEMA, i.e., the excellent dispersion ability and strong binding forces, the as-prepared electrodes exhibit improved capacity, rate capability and long-term cycling performance. In particular, the as-prepared Si electrode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 1346.5 mAh g^(−1) at a high rate of 8.4 A/g and maintains 834.5 mAh g^(−1) after 300 cycles at 4.2 A/g, while the as-prepared S cathode exhibits enhanced cycling performance with high remaining discharge capacities of 663.4 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles at 0.2 C and 487.07 mAh g^(−1) after 300 cycles at 1 C, respectively. These encouraging results suggest that PMVEMA could be a universal binder to facilitate the green manufacture of both anode and cathode for high-capacity energy storage systems.展开更多
Lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries are the promising power sources,but their commercialization is significantly impeded by poor energy-storage functions at high sulfur loading.Here we report that such an issue can be effec...Lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries are the promising power sources,but their commercialization is significantly impeded by poor energy-storage functions at high sulfur loading.Here we report that such an issue can be effectively addressed by using a mussel-inspired binder comprised of chitosan grafted with catecholic moiety for sulfur cathodes.The resulting sulfur cathodes possess a high loading up to 12.2 mg cm-2 but also exhibit one of the best electrochemical properties among their counterparts.The excellent performances are attributed to the strong adhesion of the binder to sulfur particles,conducting agent,current collector,and polysulfide.The versatile adhesion effectively increases the sulfur loading,depresses the shuttle effect,and alleviates mechanical pulverization during cycling processes.The present investigation offers a new insight into high performance sulfur cathodes through a bio-adhesion viewpoint.展开更多
Volume expansion and polysulfide shuttle effect are the main barriers for the commercialization of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery.In this work,we in-situ polymerized a cross-linked binder in sulfur cathode to solve the ...Volume expansion and polysulfide shuttle effect are the main barriers for the commercialization of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery.In this work,we in-situ polymerized a cross-linked binder in sulfur cathode to solve the aforementioned problems using a facile method under mild conditions.Polycarbonate diol(PCDL),triethanolamine(TEA) and hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI) were chosen as precursors to prepare the cross-linked binder.The in-situ polymerized binder(PTH) builds a strong network in sulfur cathode,which could restrain the volume expansion of sulfu r.Moreover,by adopting functional groups of oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms,the binder could effectively facilitate transportation of Li-ion and adsorb polysulfide chemically.The Li-S battery with bare sulfur and carbon/sulfur composite cathodes and cross-linked PTH binder displays much better electrochemical performance than that of the battery with PVDF.The PTH-bare S cathode with a mass loading of 5.97 mg/cm^2 could deliver a capacity of 733.3 mAh/g at 0.2 C,and remained 585.5 mAh/g after 100 cycles.This in-situ polymerized binder is proved to be quite effective on restraining the volume expansion and suppressing polysulfide shuttle effect,then improving the electrochemical performance of Li-S battery.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are promising next-generation high energy density batteries but their practical application is hindered by several key problems,such as the intermediate polysulfide shuttling and the elec...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are promising next-generation high energy density batteries but their practical application is hindered by several key problems,such as the intermediate polysulfide shuttling and the electrode degradation caused by the sulfur volume changes.Binder acts as one of the most essential components to build the electrodes of Li-S batteries,playing vital roles in improving the performance and maintaining the integrity of the cathode structure during cycling,especially those with high sulfur loadings.To date,tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the properties of binders,in terms of the viscosity,elasticity,stability,toughness and conductivity,by optimizing the composition and structure of polymer binders.Moreover,the binder modification endows them strong polysulfide trapping ability to suppress the shuttling and decreases the swelling to maintain the porous structure of cathode.In this review,we summarize the recent progress on the binders for Li-S batteries and discuss the various routes,including the binder combination use,functionalization,in-situ polymerization and ion cross-linking,etc.,to enhance their performance in stabilizing the cathode,building the high sulfur loading electrode and improving the cyclic stability.At last,the design principles and the problems in further applications are also highlighted.展开更多
Rational design of hybrid carbon host with high electrical conductivity and strong adsorption toward soluble lithium polysulfides is the main challenge for achieving high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs).Her...Rational design of hybrid carbon host with high electrical conductivity and strong adsorption toward soluble lithium polysulfides is the main challenge for achieving high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs).Herein,novel binder-free Ni@N-doped carbon nanospheres(N-CNSs)films as sulfur host are firstly synthesized via a facile combined hydrothermal-atomic layer deposition method.The cross-linked multilayer N-CNSs films can effectively enhance the electrical conductivity of electrode and provide physical blocking“dams”toward the soluble long-chain polysulfides.Moreover,the doped N heteroatoms and superficial NiO layer on Ni layer can work synergistically to suppress the shuttle of lithium polysulfides by effective chemical interaction/adsorption.In virtue of the unique composite architecture and reinforced dual physical and chemical adsorption to the soluble polysulfides,the obtained Ni@N-CNSs/S electrode is demonstrated with enhanced rate performance(816 mAh g?1 at 2 C)and excellent long cycling life(87%after 200 cycles at 0.1 C),much better than N-CNSs/S electrode and other carbon/S counterparts.Our proposed design strategy offers a promising prospect for construction of advanced sulfur cathodes for applications in LSBs and other energy storage systems.展开更多
Binders are of vital importance in stabilizing the cathodes to enhance the cycling stability of lithiumsulfur(Li-S) batteries. However, conventional binders are typically confronted with the drawback of inability for ...Binders are of vital importance in stabilizing the cathodes to enhance the cycling stability of lithiumsulfur(Li-S) batteries. However, conventional binders are typically confronted with the drawback of inability for adsorbing lithium polysulfide(Li PS), thus resulting in severe active material losing and rapid capacity fading. Herein, a novel water-soluble hyperbranched poly(amidoamine)(HPAA) binder with controllable hyperbranched molecular structure and abundant amino end groups for Li-S battery is designed and fabricated, which can improve efficient adsorption for Li PS and stability of the sulfur cathodes. Besides, the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds in HPAA binder can contribute to the structural stability of S cathode and integration of the conductive paths. Therefore, the Li-S battery with this functional binder exhibits excellent cycle performance with a capacity retention of 91% after 200 cycles at 0.1 C.Even at a high sulfur loading of 5.3 mg cm-2, a specific capacity of 601 mA h g-1 can also be achieved.Density functional theory(DFT) calculation further demonstrates that the enhanced electrochemical stability derives from the high binding energy between amino groups and LiP S and the wide electrochemical window(6.87 e V) of HPAA molecule. Based on the above all, this functional polymer will lighten a new species of binders for eco-friendly sulfur cathodes and significantly promote the practical applications of high-performance Li-S batteries.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries attract lots of attention due to their high specific capacity,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the low sulfur utilization and short cycle life extremely hinder their application...Lithium-sulfur batteries attract lots of attention due to their high specific capacity,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the low sulfur utilization and short cycle life extremely hinder their application.Herein,we design and fabricate a three-dimensional electrode by a simple filtration method to achieve a high-sulfur loading.Biomass porous carbon is employed as a current collector,which not only enhances the electronic transport but also effectively limits the volume expansion of the active material.Meanwhile,an optimized carboxymethyl cellulose binder is chosen.The chemical bonding restricts the shuttle effect,leading to improved electrochemical performance.Under the ultrahigh sulfur load of 28mg/cm2,the high capacity of 18mAh/cm2 is still maintained,and stable cycling performance is obtained.This study demonstrates a viable strategy to develop promising lithium-sulfur batteries with a three-dimensional electrode,which promotes sulfur loading and electrochemical performance.展开更多
High-energy density lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries have received intensive attention as promising energy storage system.Among diverse sulfur-based cathodes,sulfurized pyrolyzed poly(acrylonitrile)(S@pPAN)cathode deliv...High-energy density lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries have received intensive attention as promising energy storage system.Among diverse sulfur-based cathodes,sulfurized pyrolyzed poly(acrylonitrile)(S@pPAN)cathode delivered superior electrochemical performance.However,the sulfur content of S@pPAN is relatively low(<50 wt%),which significantly limits the energy density.Herein,a hydrogel SA-Cu binder was proposed with a crosslinking network constructed by Cu^(2+) ions.The introduction of Cu^(2+) ions enabled excellent electrochemical behaviors of S@pPAN cathode even with high sulfur content of 52.6 wt% via chemical interaction with sulfur and polysulfide.Moreover,a favorable cathode interphase was formed containing electrochemically active and conductive CuSx.S@pPAN/SA-Cu exhibited a high sulfur utilization of 85.3%,long cycling stability over 1000 cycles and remarkable capacity of 1200 mAh g_(s)^(-1) even at10 C.Furthermore,ascribed to the improved electrode structure,high-loading electrode(sulfur loading:4 mg cm^(-2)) displayed stable cycling with areal capacity of 5.26 mAh cm^(-2)(1315 mAh g_(s)^(-1)) after 40 cycles.This study provides new directions to prepare high-sulfur content and high-loading S@pPAN cathode for higher energy density.展开更多
The lithium-sulfur(Li-S)battery is one of the most promising substitutes for current energy storage systems because of its low cost,high theoretical capacity,and high energy density.However,the high solubility of inte...The lithium-sulfur(Li-S)battery is one of the most promising substitutes for current energy storage systems because of its low cost,high theoretical capacity,and high energy density.However,the high solubility of intermediate products(i.e.,lithium polysulfides)and the resultant shuttle effect lead to rapidly fading capacity and a low coulombic efficiency,which hinder the practical application of Li-S batteries.In this study,block copolymers are constructed with both an ethylene oxide unit and a styrene unit and then used as binders for Li-S batteries.Electrochemical performance improvements are attributed to the synergistic effects contributed by the different units of the block copolymer.The ethylene oxide unit traps polysulfide,which bonds strongly with the intermediate lithium polysulfide,and enhances the transport of lithium ions to reach high capacity.Meanwhile,the styrene unit maintains cathode integrity by improving the mechanical properties and elasticity of the constructed block copolymer to accommodate the large volume changes.By enabling multiple functions via different units in the polymer chain,high sulfur utilization is achieved,polysulfide diffusion is confined,and the shuttle effect is suppressed during the cycle life of Li-S batteries,as revealed by operando ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and S Kedge X-ray absorption spectroscopy.展开更多
The most difficult problem in hot gas desulfurization in Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle （IGCC） is the pulverization of sulfur removal sorbents.Appropriate binders for hot gas sulfur removal sorbents can...The most difficult problem in hot gas desulfurization in Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle （IGCC） is the pulverization of sulfur removal sorbents.Appropriate binders for hot gas sulfur removal sorbents can solve the pulverization problem.In this paper,six sorbents with binders of different argillaceous minerals were prepared by mechanical mixing method.Desulfurization behavior for hot gas desulfurization sorbents was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor.Result showed that sorbent NTKW2 with binder of clay had a better sulfidation performance.NTKW2 had a more stable performance than other sorbents in the continuous sulfidation-regeneration cycles.Sulfur capacity of sorbent remained the same in each cycle.The desulfurization efficiency and mechanical strength of NTKW2 were the best among the tested sorbents.The behavior of NTKW2 at different temperatures showed different performances,and the best reaction temperature was 550 ℃.Higher heat stability,sulfur capacity and desulfurization efficiency were found on NTKW2 in six continuous sulfidation-regeneration cycles.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are great candidates for energy storage systems, but need to overcome theissues of low sulfur utilization and polysulfide shuttling for use in large-scale commercial applications.Rece...Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are great candidates for energy storage systems, but need to overcome theissues of low sulfur utilization and polysulfide shuttling for use in large-scale commercial applications.Recently, quaternized polymers have received much attention for their polysulfide trapping propertiesdue to electrostatic interaction. In this work, we report a series of polyarylether sulfone (PSF) binderswith different cation structures including imidazolium (Im), triethylammonium (Tr), and morpholinium(Mo). The ability of the these quaternized binders and the conventional poly(vinylidene fluoride) or PVDFbinder to capture polysulfide increases in the order of PVDF << PSF-Mo < PSF-Tr< PSF-Im. The delocalizedcharge on the imidazolium cation may promote the interaction between PSF-Im and polysulfide asindicated by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study. The PSF-Im based cathodes showed the highestcapacity retention (77% at 0.2 C after 100 cycles and 84% at 0.5 C after 120 cycles), and the bestrate capability. This work demonstrates the importance of the cation structure in the design of efficientquaternized binders for high performance Li–S batteries.展开更多
文摘Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms ligand bonds or hydrogen bonds with sulfur ions in lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),thus inhibiting the shuttle effect.Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that lithium‑sulfur(Li‑S)batteries employing the NH2‑SS interlayer exhibited discharge specific capacities of 1048 and 789 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.2C and 2C,respectively,and even at 4C,the initial discharge specific capacity remained at 590 mAh·g^(-1),outperforming the Li‑S battery with unmodified SS as the interlayer.
基金We would like to show gratitude to the Yunnan Province Basic Research Major Project(202501BC070006(Y.Wang))Key Industry Science and Technology Projects for University Services in Yunnan Province(FWCY ZNT2024002(Y.Wang))+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279070(L.Wang))and(U21A20170(X.He))the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0705703(L.Wang))Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L242005(X.He))Key Industry Science and Technology Projects for University Services in Yunnan Province(FWCY BSPY2024011(T.Lai)).
文摘Long-life energy storage batteries are integral to energy storage systems and electric vehicles,with lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently being the preferred option for extended usage-life energy storage.To further extend the life span of LIBs,it is essential to intensify investments in battery design,manufacturing processes,and the advancement of ancillary materials.The pursuit of long durability introduces new challenges for battery energy density.The advent of electrode material offers effective support in enhancing the battery’s long-duration performance.Often underestimated as part of the cathode composition,the binder plays a pivotal role in the longevity and electrochemical performance of the electrode.Maintaining the mechanical integrity of the electrode through judicious binder design is a fundamental requirement for achieving consistent long-life cycles and high energy density.This paper primarily concentrates on the commonly employed cathode systems in lithium-ion batteries,elucidates the significance of binders for both,discusses the application status,strengths,and weaknesses of novel binders,and ultimately puts forth corresponding optimization strategies.It underscores the critical function of binders in enhancing battery performance and advancing the sustainable development of lithium-ion batteries,aiming to offer fresh insights and perspectives for the design of high-performance LIBs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32271791,32171709 and 22475053)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2024JJ7643)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.22ZR1404100).
文摘Hard carbon(HC)in sodium-ion batteries is searched by numerous investigations,which can offer the excellent performance of reversible Na^(+)insertion and extraction.The covalent heteroatom doping in HC is recently worth concentrating,which can dilate the interlayer spacing of graphite to adjust the electrochemical storage performance in carbon anodes.However,the reported doping strategies of the modified HC have only resulted in limited improvement,especially unobvious effects on tuning porous structure.In this study,tannin extract and K_(2)SO_(4) are respectively utilized as carbon source and sulfur source for the fabrication of HC,in which K_(2)SO_(4) can contribute to the heteroatom doping,and the pore forming as well.The tannin-derived sulfur-doped carbon anode shows the excellent cycle stability,achieving a high reversible capacity of 520.5 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g.Even after 500 cycles at a current density of 3 A/g,a high specific capacity of 236.7 mAh/g and a capacity retention rate of 92.6%can be reserved.Compared with the initial carbon,the adsorption energy of Na^(+)is multifold times higher,whereas Na^(+)diffusion energy barriers manyfold decrease.Moreover,the full battery assembled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/tannin-based HC demonstrates a stable cycling performance.This work can manifest the potentiality of the tannin-based electrode as anode for a high-performance sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),which could especially offer an explanation of Na^(+)storage and solid-electrolyte interface(SEI)stability to the electrochemical performance.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075131 and 22078265)the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics under Grants(No.22JSZ005)the State-Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems(No.MPCS-2021-A).
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries require efficient catalysts to accelerate polysulfide conversion and mitigate the shuttle effect.However,the rational design of catalysts remains challenging due to the lack of a systematic strategy that rationally optimizes electronic structures and mesoscale transport properties.In this work,we propose an autogenously transformed CoWO_(4)/WO_(2) heterojunction catalyst,integrating a strong polysulfide-adsorbing intercalation catalyst with a metallic-phase promoter for enhanced activity.CoWO_(4) effectively captures polysulfides,while the CoWO_(4)/WO_(2) interface facilitates their S-S bond activation on heterogenous catalytic sites.Benefiting from its directional intercalation channels,CoWO_(4) not only serves as a dynamic Li-ion reservoir but also provides continuous and direct pathways for rapid Li-ion transport.Such synergistic interactions across the heterojunction interfaces enhance the catalytic activity of the composite.As a result,the CoWO_(4)/WO_(2) heterostructure demonstrates significantly enhanced catalytic performance,delivering a high capacity of 1262 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 C.Furthermore,its rate capability and high sulfur loading performance are markedly improved,surpassing the limitations of its single-component counterparts.This study provides new insights into the catalytic mechanisms governing Li-S chemistry and offers a promising strategy for the rational design of high-performance Li-S battery catalysts.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2024YFA1509600)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22474010 and 22274012)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2233300007)。
文摘Ferroptosis has exhibited great potential in therapies and intracellular reducing agents of sulfur species(RSSs) in the thiol-dependent redox systems are crucial in ferroptosis.This makes the simultaneous detection of multiple RSSs significant for evaluating ferroptosis therapy.However,the traditional techniques,including fluorescent(FL) imaging and electrospray ionization-based mass spectrometry(MS) detection,cannot achieve the discrimination of different RSSs.Herein,simultaneous MS detection of multiple RSSs,including cysteine(Cys),homocysteine(Hcy),glutathione(GSH) and hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),was obtained upon enhancing ionization efficiency by a fluorescent probe(NBD-O-1).Based on the interaction between NBD-O-1 and RSSs,the complex of RSSs with a fragment of NBD-O-1 can be generated,which can be easily ionized for MS detection in the negative mode.Therefore,the intracellular RSSs can be well detected upon the incubation of He La cells with the probe of NBD-O-1,exhibiting the total RSS levels by the FL imaging and further providing expression of each RSS by enhanced MS detection.Furthermore,the RSSs during ferroptosis in He La cells have been evaluated using the present strategy,demonstrating the potential for ferroptosis examinations.This work has made an unconventional application of a fluorescent probe to enhance the detection of multiple RSSs by MS,providing significant molecular information for addressing the ferroptosis mechanism.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22071185 and 22271224)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2042019kf0008)Wuhan University startup funding for financial support。
文摘The development of catalytic multicomponent reactions for constructing complex organic scaffolds from readily accessible commodity chemicals is a key pursuit in contemporary synthetic chemistry.Current methods for synthesizing thioesters primarily rely on the acylation of thiols,which produces substantial waste and requires malodorous,unstable sulfur sources.In this work,we introduce a photocatalyzed hydrogen transfer strategy that enables a three-component synthesis of thioesters using abundant primary alcohols,easily available alkenes and elemental sulfur under mild conditions.This protocol demonstrates broad applicability and high chemo-and regioselectivity for both primary alcohols and alkenes,highlighting the advantage and potential of photo-mediated hydrogen transfer in facilitating multicomponent reactions using primary alcohol and elemental sulfur feedstocks.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22109127)the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M702666)+2 种基金the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing (NPU),China (Grant No.2023-TS-02)The financial support from the Youth Project of"Shaanxi High-level Talents Introduction Plan"the Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) are also sincerely appreciated
文摘Photo-assisted lithium–sulfur batteries(PALSBs)offer an eco-friendly solution to address the issue of sluggish reaction kinetics of conventional LSBs.However,designing an efficient photoelectrode for practical implementation remains a significant challenge.Herein,we construct a free-standing polymer–inorganic hybrid photoelectrode with a direct Z-scheme heterostructure to develop high-efficiency PALSBs.Specifically,polypyrrole(PPy)is in situ vapor-phase polymerized on the surface of N-doped TiO_(2) nanorods supported on carbon cloth(N-TiO_(2)/CC),thereby forming a well-defined p–n heterojunction.This architecture efficiently facilitates the carrier separation of photo-generated electron–hole pairs and significantly enhances carrier transport by creating a built-in electric field.Thus,the PPy@N-TiO_(2)/CC can simultaneously act as a photocatalyst and an electrocatalyst to accelerate the reduction and evolution of sulfur,enabling ultrafast sulfur redox dynamics,as convincingly validated by both theoretical simulations and experimental results.Consequently,the PPy@N-TiO_(2)/CC PALSB achieves a high discharge capacity of 1653 mAh g^(−1),reaching 98.7%of the theoretical value.Furthermore,5 h of photo-charging without external voltage enables the PALSB to deliver a discharge capacity of 333 mAh g^(−1),achieving dual-mode energy harvesting capabilities.This work successfully integrates solar energy conversion and storage within a rechargeable battery system,providing a promising strategy for sustainable energy storage technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875155,51675275,21703185 and 21473119)Q.B.Z.acknowledges the Leading Project Foundation of Science Department of Fujian Province(2018H0034)Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project(JCYJ20170818153427106).
文摘The development of high-sulfur-loading Li-S batteries is a key prerequisite for their commercial applications.This requires to surmount the huge polarization,severe polysulfide shuttling and drastic volume change caused by electrode thickening.High-strength polar binders are ideal for constructing robust and long-life high-loading sulfur cathodes but show very weak interfacial interaction with non-polar sulfur materials.To address this issue,this work devises a highly integrated sulfur@polydopamine/highstrength binder composite cathodes,targeting long-lasting and high-sulfur-loading Li-S batteries.The super-adhesion polydopamine(PD)can form a uniform nano-coating over the graphene/sulfur(G-S)surface and provide strong affinity to the cross-linked polyacrylamide(c-PAM)binder,thus tightly integrating sulfur with the binder network and greatly boosting the overall mechanical strength/conductivity of the electrode.Moreover,the PD coating and c-PAM binder rich in polar groups can form two effective blockades against the effusion of soluble polysulfides.As such,the 4.5 mg cm−2 sulfur-loaded G-S@PD-c-PAM cathode achieves a capacity of 480 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 C,while maintaining a capacity of 396 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.2 C when the sulfur loading rises to 9.1 mg cm−2.This work provides a system-wide concept for constructing high-loading sulfur cathodes through integrated structural design.
基金supported by the Strategic Emerging Industries Program of Shenzhen,China(JCYJ20120618164543322)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20803095)
文摘Na-alginate as a binder in an aqueous solvent has been applied in the preparation of sulfur cathodes for lithium-sulfur batteries.Their electrochemical performances have been investigated by a charge-discharge cycle test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The EIS tests indicated that the alginate sulfur cathode had lower resistance and better kinetic characteristics than those of the poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) sulfur cathode using PVDF as a binder in a N-methy-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent.The charge-discharge tests showed that the discharge capacity and the capacity retention rate of Na-alginate sulfur cathode were 508 mAh·g-1and 65.4% at the 50th cycle with a current density of 335 mA·g-1.Compared with PVDF sulfur cathode,the alginate sulfur cathode showed a remarkably better cycle performance.These results show that the alginate binder has promising potential for lithium-sulfur battery applications.
基金This work was financially supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Projects(DP210103266 and DPI 701048343)the Griffith University Ph.D.Scholarships.
文摘Binders could play crucial or even decisive roles in the fabrication of low-cost, stable and high-capacity electrodes. This is especially the case for the silicon (Si) anodes and sulfur (S) cathodes that undergo large volume change and active material loss in lithium-ion batteries during prolonged cycles. Herein, a hydrophilic polymer poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PMVEMA) was explored as a dual-functional aqueous binder for the preparation of high-performance silicon anode and sulfur cathode. Benefiting from the dual functions of PMVEMA, i.e., the excellent dispersion ability and strong binding forces, the as-prepared electrodes exhibit improved capacity, rate capability and long-term cycling performance. In particular, the as-prepared Si electrode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 1346.5 mAh g^(−1) at a high rate of 8.4 A/g and maintains 834.5 mAh g^(−1) after 300 cycles at 4.2 A/g, while the as-prepared S cathode exhibits enhanced cycling performance with high remaining discharge capacities of 663.4 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles at 0.2 C and 487.07 mAh g^(−1) after 300 cycles at 1 C, respectively. These encouraging results suggest that PMVEMA could be a universal binder to facilitate the green manufacture of both anode and cathode for high-capacity energy storage systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51473041)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51521003)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(no.2017M621262)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.HIT.NSRIF.201831)Postdoctoral Foundation of Hei long Jiang Province(LBH-Z17065)。
文摘Lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries are the promising power sources,but their commercialization is significantly impeded by poor energy-storage functions at high sulfur loading.Here we report that such an issue can be effectively addressed by using a mussel-inspired binder comprised of chitosan grafted with catecholic moiety for sulfur cathodes.The resulting sulfur cathodes possess a high loading up to 12.2 mg cm-2 but also exhibit one of the best electrochemical properties among their counterparts.The excellent performances are attributed to the strong adhesion of the binder to sulfur particles,conducting agent,current collector,and polysulfide.The versatile adhesion effectively increases the sulfur loading,depresses the shuttle effect,and alleviates mechanical pulverization during cycling processes.The present investigation offers a new insight into high performance sulfur cathodes through a bio-adhesion viewpoint.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51672156)Guangdong special support program(No.2015TQ01 N401)+2 种基金Guangdong Province Technical Plan Project(Nos.2017B010119001 and 20178090907005)Shenzhen Technical Plan Project(Nos.JCYJ20170412170706047,JCYJ20170307153806471 and GJHS20170314165324888)Shenzhen Graphene Manufacturing Innovation Center(No.201901161513)。
文摘Volume expansion and polysulfide shuttle effect are the main barriers for the commercialization of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery.In this work,we in-situ polymerized a cross-linked binder in sulfur cathode to solve the aforementioned problems using a facile method under mild conditions.Polycarbonate diol(PCDL),triethanolamine(TEA) and hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI) were chosen as precursors to prepare the cross-linked binder.The in-situ polymerized binder(PTH) builds a strong network in sulfur cathode,which could restrain the volume expansion of sulfu r.Moreover,by adopting functional groups of oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms,the binder could effectively facilitate transportation of Li-ion and adsorb polysulfide chemically.The Li-S battery with bare sulfur and carbon/sulfur composite cathodes and cross-linked PTH binder displays much better electrochemical performance than that of the battery with PVDF.The PTH-bare S cathode with a mass loading of 5.97 mg/cm^2 could deliver a capacity of 733.3 mAh/g at 0.2 C,and remained 585.5 mAh/g after 100 cycles.This in-situ polymerized binder is proved to be quite effective on restraining the volume expansion and suppressing polysulfide shuttle effect,then improving the electrochemical performance of Li-S battery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51772164 and U1601206)the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars(2017B030306006)+2 种基金the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2017BT01N111)the Guangdong Special Support Program(2017TQ04C664)the Shenzhen Basic Research Project(Grant Nos.JCYJ20170412171359175)
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are promising next-generation high energy density batteries but their practical application is hindered by several key problems,such as the intermediate polysulfide shuttling and the electrode degradation caused by the sulfur volume changes.Binder acts as one of the most essential components to build the electrodes of Li-S batteries,playing vital roles in improving the performance and maintaining the integrity of the cathode structure during cycling,especially those with high sulfur loadings.To date,tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the properties of binders,in terms of the viscosity,elasticity,stability,toughness and conductivity,by optimizing the composition and structure of polymer binders.Moreover,the binder modification endows them strong polysulfide trapping ability to suppress the shuttling and decreases the swelling to maintain the porous structure of cathode.In this review,we summarize the recent progress on the binders for Li-S batteries and discuss the various routes,including the binder combination use,functionalization,in-situ polymerization and ion cross-linking,etc.,to enhance their performance in stabilizing the cathode,building the high sulfur loading electrode and improving the cyclic stability.At last,the design principles and the problems in further applications are also highlighted.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51772272 and 51728204)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2018QNA4011)+3 种基金Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province of China(No.2016A010104020)Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou(No.201610010116)Qianjiang Talents Plan D(QJD1602029)Startup Foundation for Hundred-Talent Program of Zhejiang University.
文摘Rational design of hybrid carbon host with high electrical conductivity and strong adsorption toward soluble lithium polysulfides is the main challenge for achieving high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs).Herein,novel binder-free Ni@N-doped carbon nanospheres(N-CNSs)films as sulfur host are firstly synthesized via a facile combined hydrothermal-atomic layer deposition method.The cross-linked multilayer N-CNSs films can effectively enhance the electrical conductivity of electrode and provide physical blocking“dams”toward the soluble long-chain polysulfides.Moreover,the doped N heteroatoms and superficial NiO layer on Ni layer can work synergistically to suppress the shuttle of lithium polysulfides by effective chemical interaction/adsorption.In virtue of the unique composite architecture and reinforced dual physical and chemical adsorption to the soluble polysulfides,the obtained Ni@N-CNSs/S electrode is demonstrated with enhanced rate performance(816 mAh g?1 at 2 C)and excellent long cycling life(87%after 200 cycles at 0.1 C),much better than N-CNSs/S electrode and other carbon/S counterparts.Our proposed design strategy offers a promising prospect for construction of advanced sulfur cathodes for applications in LSBs and other energy storage systems.
基金the Startup Research Fund of Dongguan University of Technology(KCYKYQD2017015)Leading Talents of Innovation and Entrepreneurship of the Dongguan City D2017(16)the Australian Research Council(ARC)through the ARC Discovery project(DP160104340)。
文摘Binders are of vital importance in stabilizing the cathodes to enhance the cycling stability of lithiumsulfur(Li-S) batteries. However, conventional binders are typically confronted with the drawback of inability for adsorbing lithium polysulfide(Li PS), thus resulting in severe active material losing and rapid capacity fading. Herein, a novel water-soluble hyperbranched poly(amidoamine)(HPAA) binder with controllable hyperbranched molecular structure and abundant amino end groups for Li-S battery is designed and fabricated, which can improve efficient adsorption for Li PS and stability of the sulfur cathodes. Besides, the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds in HPAA binder can contribute to the structural stability of S cathode and integration of the conductive paths. Therefore, the Li-S battery with this functional binder exhibits excellent cycle performance with a capacity retention of 91% after 200 cycles at 0.1 C.Even at a high sulfur loading of 5.3 mg cm-2, a specific capacity of 601 mA h g-1 can also be achieved.Density functional theory(DFT) calculation further demonstrates that the enhanced electrochemical stability derives from the high binding energy between amino groups and LiP S and the wide electrochemical window(6.87 e V) of HPAA molecule. Based on the above all, this functional polymer will lighten a new species of binders for eco-friendly sulfur cathodes and significantly promote the practical applications of high-performance Li-S batteries.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51702063 and 51672056)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang(LC2018004)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630340,2019T120254)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University.
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries attract lots of attention due to their high specific capacity,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the low sulfur utilization and short cycle life extremely hinder their application.Herein,we design and fabricate a three-dimensional electrode by a simple filtration method to achieve a high-sulfur loading.Biomass porous carbon is employed as a current collector,which not only enhances the electronic transport but also effectively limits the volume expansion of the active material.Meanwhile,an optimized carboxymethyl cellulose binder is chosen.The chemical bonding restricts the shuttle effect,leading to improved electrochemical performance.Under the ultrahigh sulfur load of 28mg/cm2,the high capacity of 18mAh/cm2 is still maintained,and stable cycling performance is obtained.This study demonstrates a viable strategy to develop promising lithium-sulfur batteries with a three-dimensional electrode,which promotes sulfur loading and electrochemical performance.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1705255 and 21975158)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (20XD1401900)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2019B090908001)。
文摘High-energy density lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries have received intensive attention as promising energy storage system.Among diverse sulfur-based cathodes,sulfurized pyrolyzed poly(acrylonitrile)(S@pPAN)cathode delivered superior electrochemical performance.However,the sulfur content of S@pPAN is relatively low(<50 wt%),which significantly limits the energy density.Herein,a hydrogel SA-Cu binder was proposed with a crosslinking network constructed by Cu^(2+) ions.The introduction of Cu^(2+) ions enabled excellent electrochemical behaviors of S@pPAN cathode even with high sulfur content of 52.6 wt% via chemical interaction with sulfur and polysulfide.Moreover,a favorable cathode interphase was formed containing electrochemically active and conductive CuSx.S@pPAN/SA-Cu exhibited a high sulfur utilization of 85.3%,long cycling stability over 1000 cycles and remarkable capacity of 1200 mAh g_(s)^(-1) even at10 C.Furthermore,ascribed to the improved electrode structure,high-loading electrode(sulfur loading:4 mg cm^(-2)) displayed stable cycling with areal capacity of 5.26 mAh cm^(-2)(1315 mAh g_(s)^(-1)) after 40 cycles.This study provides new directions to prepare high-sulfur content and high-loading S@pPAN cathode for higher energy density.
基金supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,Vehicle Technologies Office,under the Advanced Battery Materials Research(BMR)Program of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231support by the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.106298-001+2 种基金the funding from Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education No.1670/MOB/V/2017/0funding support of SUSTechthe resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center(NERSC)that is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.Department of Energy。
文摘The lithium-sulfur(Li-S)battery is one of the most promising substitutes for current energy storage systems because of its low cost,high theoretical capacity,and high energy density.However,the high solubility of intermediate products(i.e.,lithium polysulfides)and the resultant shuttle effect lead to rapidly fading capacity and a low coulombic efficiency,which hinder the practical application of Li-S batteries.In this study,block copolymers are constructed with both an ethylene oxide unit and a styrene unit and then used as binders for Li-S batteries.Electrochemical performance improvements are attributed to the synergistic effects contributed by the different units of the block copolymer.The ethylene oxide unit traps polysulfide,which bonds strongly with the intermediate lithium polysulfide,and enhances the transport of lithium ions to reach high capacity.Meanwhile,the styrene unit maintains cathode integrity by improving the mechanical properties and elasticity of the constructed block copolymer to accommodate the large volume changes.By enabling multiple functions via different units in the polymer chain,high sulfur utilization is achieved,polysulfide diffusion is confined,and the shuttle effect is suppressed during the cycle life of Li-S batteries,as revealed by operando ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and S Kedge X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
基金supported by the National Key Fundamental Research Project of Science and Technology (973,No.G1999022104-1)NSFC (No.29976029)the National 95 plane (No.97-A26-03-02-02)
文摘The most difficult problem in hot gas desulfurization in Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle （IGCC） is the pulverization of sulfur removal sorbents.Appropriate binders for hot gas sulfur removal sorbents can solve the pulverization problem.In this paper,six sorbents with binders of different argillaceous minerals were prepared by mechanical mixing method.Desulfurization behavior for hot gas desulfurization sorbents was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor.Result showed that sorbent NTKW2 with binder of clay had a better sulfidation performance.NTKW2 had a more stable performance than other sorbents in the continuous sulfidation-regeneration cycles.Sulfur capacity of sorbent remained the same in each cycle.The desulfurization efficiency and mechanical strength of NTKW2 were the best among the tested sorbents.The behavior of NTKW2 at different temperatures showed different performances,and the best reaction temperature was 550 ℃.Higher heat stability,sulfur capacity and desulfurization efficiency were found on NTKW2 in six continuous sulfidation-regeneration cycles.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Dalian(2018J12GX052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21776042)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant no.DUT19ZD214)。
文摘Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are great candidates for energy storage systems, but need to overcome theissues of low sulfur utilization and polysulfide shuttling for use in large-scale commercial applications.Recently, quaternized polymers have received much attention for their polysulfide trapping propertiesdue to electrostatic interaction. In this work, we report a series of polyarylether sulfone (PSF) binderswith different cation structures including imidazolium (Im), triethylammonium (Tr), and morpholinium(Mo). The ability of the these quaternized binders and the conventional poly(vinylidene fluoride) or PVDFbinder to capture polysulfide increases in the order of PVDF << PSF-Mo < PSF-Tr< PSF-Im. The delocalizedcharge on the imidazolium cation may promote the interaction between PSF-Im and polysulfide asindicated by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study. The PSF-Im based cathodes showed the highestcapacity retention (77% at 0.2 C after 100 cycles and 84% at 0.5 C after 120 cycles), and the bestrate capability. This work demonstrates the importance of the cation structure in the design of efficientquaternized binders for high performance Li–S batteries.
