[ Objective] The study aimed to explore the denaturalization law of β-Iactoglobulin （β-LG） under instantaneous high-pressure（IHP） con- dition. [Methed] Using fresh milk as testing material, effects of pressure, ...[ Objective] The study aimed to explore the denaturalization law of β-Iactoglobulin （β-LG） under instantaneous high-pressure（IHP） con- dition. [Methed] Using fresh milk as testing material, effects of pressure, feed temperature and treatment time on the denaturalization of β-LG were studied via SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and sulfhydryl content detection after IHP treatment. [ Result] IHP could induce the agglomeration and depo- lymerization Of β-LG. The agglomeration of the β-LG increased with the elevated pressure from 20 to 60 MPa, but 80 MPa pressure led to depolyme- rization. The effect of feed temperature （25 -45 ℃） was similar to that of the pressure, while the influence of treatment time （2 -8 min） was not obvious. [ Conclusion] The study provided a theoretical basis for the elimination of allergens in β-LG and the application of IHP technology in milk treatment.展开更多
AIM： To substantiate the claims of Unani and Arabian traditional medicine practitioners on the gastroprotective potential effect of a popular spice anise, ＂Pimpinella anisum L.＂ on experimentally-induced gastric ul...AIM： To substantiate the claims of Unani and Arabian traditional medicine practitioners on the gastroprotective potential effect of a popular spice anise, ＂Pimpinella anisum L.＂ on experimentally-induced gastric ulceration and secretion in rats. METHODS： Acute gastric ulceration in rats was produced by various noxious chemicals including 80% ethanol, 0.2 mol/L NaOH, 25% NaCI and indomethacin. Anti-secretory studies were undertaken using pylorusligated Shay rat technique. Levels of gastric non-protein sulfhydryls （NP-SH） and wall mucus were estimated and gastric tissue was also examined histologically. Anise aqueous suspension was used in two doses （250 and 500 mg/kg body weight） in all experiments. RESULTS： Anise significantly inhibited gastric mu- cosal damage induced by necrotizing agents and indomethacin. The anti-ulcer effect was further confirmed histologically. In pylorus-ligated Shay rats, anise suspension significantly reduced the basal gastric acid secretion, acidity and completely inhibited the rumenal ulceration. On the other hand, the suspension significantly replenished ethanol-induced depleted levels of gastric mucosal NP-SH and gastric wall mucus concentration. CONCLUSION： Anise aqueous suspension possesses significant cytoprotective and anti-ulcer activities against experimentallynduced gastric lesions. The anti-ulcer effect of anise is possibly prostaglandin-mediated and/orthrough its anti-secretory and antioxidative properties.展开更多
Primary biliary cirrhosis is a multifactor autoimmune disease characterized by hepatic and systemic manifestations,with immune system dysregulation and abnormalities in the hepatic metabolism of bile salts,lipids,and ...Primary biliary cirrhosis is a multifactor autoimmune disease characterized by hepatic and systemic manifestations,with immune system dysregulation and abnormalities in the hepatic metabolism of bile salts,lipids,and nutrients,as well as destruction of membrane lipids and mitochondrial dysfunction.Both oxidative and nitrosative stress are associated with ongoing manifestations of the disease.In particular,abnormalities in nitric oxide metabolism and thiol oxidation already occur at early stages,thus leading to the hypothesis that these biochemical events play a pathogenic role in primary biliary cirrhosis.Moreover,the association of these metabolic abnormalities with the progression of the disease may indicate some biochemical parameters as early diagnostic markers of disease evolution,and may open up the potential for pharmacological intervention to inhibit intra-and extra-cellular stress events for resuming hepatocellular functions.The following paragraphs summarize the current knowledge by outlining molecular mechanisms of the disease related to these stress events.展开更多
The authors dealt with the effects of dynamic high pressure micro-fluidization（untreated and 20-160 MPa treated） on the structure and physico-chemical properties of egg white solutions[6%（mass fraction） or 61.2 mg...The authors dealt with the effects of dynamic high pressure micro-fluidization（untreated and 20-160 MPa treated） on the structure and physico-chemical properties of egg white solutions[6%（mass fraction） or 61.2 mg protein/mL]. Micro-fluidization treatment resulted in a decrease in mean particle size, and little change in solubility. It was found that the residual denaturation enthalpy was decreased with the increase of pressure from 20 to 100 MPa and from 120 to 160 MPa, reaching into the maximum at 160 MPa. There was an increase of surface hydrophobicity with the maximum at 100 MPa observed. Simultaneously, micro-fluidization treatment also resulted in a decrease in the content of sulfhydryl groups.展开更多
A new adsorbent for heavy metal ions, sulfhydryl chitosan (S chitosan), was produced by treatment of chitosan with sulhydryl acetic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Its structure was confirmed by e...A new adsorbent for heavy metal ions, sulfhydryl chitosan (S chitosan), was produced by treatment of chitosan with sulhydryl acetic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Its structure was confirmed by elemental analysis and FT IR spectra analysis. The adsorption properties of sulfhydryl chitosan for Cu(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅲ) and Ni(Ⅱ) were investigated, and the effect of pH value on adsorption, adsorption kinetics, and selective adsorption was examined. It was shown that S chitosan has good adsorption for Pb(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) like chitosan, is also insoluble in acid solution; has good adsorption kinetic properties for heavy metal ions; and can be used in acid solution. The adsorption capacities of S chitosan can be affected by media acidity. The adsorbed Cu(Ⅱ) Cd(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ) could be eluted by diluted chlorhydric acid.展开更多
AIM: To study the effect of bromophenacyl bromide (BPB), a phospholipase A2 inhibitor on gastric secretion and to protect chemically induced gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats. METHODS: Acid secretion studies were un...AIM: To study the effect of bromophenacyl bromide (BPB), a phospholipase A2 inhibitor on gastric secretion and to protect chemically induced gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats. METHODS: Acid secretion studies were undertaken in pylorus-ligated rats with BPB treatment (0, 5, 15 and 45 mg/kg). Gastric and duodenal lesions in the rats were induced by ethanol and cysteamine respectively. The levels of gastric wall mucus, nonprotein sulfhydryls (NP- SH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also measured in the glandular stomach of rats following ethanol induced gastric lesions. RESULTS: BPB produced a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric acid secretion and acidity in rats. Pretreatment with BPB significantly attenuated the formation of etha- nol induced gastric lesion. BPB also protected intestinal mucosa against cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers. The antiulcer activity of BPB was associated with signifi- cant inhibition of ethanol-induced depletion of gastric wall mucus, NP-SH and MPO. These findings pointed towards the mediation of sulfhydryls in BPB induced gas- trointestinal cytoprotection. CONCLUSION: BPB possesses significant antiulcer and cytoprotective activity against experimentally induced gastroduodenal lesions.展开更多
AIM： To validate gastric anti-ulcer properties of Rocket ＂Eruca sativa＂ on experimentally-induced gastric secretion and ulceration in albino rats. METHODS： Gastric acid secretion studies were undertaken using pylo...AIM： To validate gastric anti-ulcer properties of Rocket ＂Eruca sativa＂ on experimentally-induced gastric secretion and ulceration in albino rats. METHODS： Gastric acid secretion studies were undertaken using pylorus-ligated rats. Gastric lesions in the rats were induced by noxious chemicals including ethanol, strong alkalis, indomethacin and hypothermic restraint stress. The levels of gastric wall mucus （GWM）, nonprotein sulfhydryls （NP-SH） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were also measured in the glandular stomach of rats following ethanol administration. The gastric tissue was also examined histologically. The extract was used in two doses （250 and 500 mg/kg body weight） in all experiments. RESULTS： In pylorus-ligated Shay rats, the ethanolic extract of Rocket ＂Eruca sativa L.＂ （EER） significantly and dose-dependently reduced the basal gastric acid secretion, titratable acidity and ruminal ulceration. Rocket extract significantly attenuated gastric ulceration induced by necrotizing agents （80% ethanol, 0.2 mol/L NaOH, 25% NaCl）, indomethacin and hypothermic restraint stress. The anti-ulcer effect was further confirmed histologically. On the other hand, the extract significantly replenished GWM and NP-SH levels, as well as the MDA level significantly reduced by extract pretreatment. CONCLUSION： Rocket extract possesses antisecretory, cytoprotective, and anti-ulcer activities against experimentally-induced gastric lesions. The anti-ulcer effect is possibly through prostaglandinmediated activity and/or through its anti-secretory and antioxidant properties.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide poisoning(COP) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This study was to investigate the levels of serum paraoxonase(PON), arylesterase(ARYL), ceruloplasmin(Cp), and sul...BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide poisoning(COP) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This study was to investigate the levels of serum paraoxonase(PON), arylesterase(ARYL), ceruloplasmin(Cp), and sulfhydryl(-SH) in the treatment of COP, and to further understand the pathophysiology of COP.METHODS: This prospective study comprised 107 individuals with COP(group 1) and 50 healthy volunteers(group 2). Serum, plasma, and erythrocyte samples were taken on admission from all participants with COP. This process was repeated in the 90 th and 180 th minutes of treatment. Samples were taken from the control group only once. The levels of plasma PON, ARYL, Cp activity and-SH were measured in both groups.RESULTS: Age, gender, and carboxyhemoglobin level were not correlated with PON, ARYL, Cp, and-SH levels. PON, ARYL, and-SH levels were signifi cantly decreased in group 1 compared with group 2. Conversely, Cp was signifi cantly elevated in group 1 in contrast to group 2. Although ARYL was lower on admission in patients with COP than that was observed in the 90 th and 180 th minutes(P<0.001), Cp was higher on admission than at the other time points(P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Participants with COP had decreased levels of antioxidants(PON, ARLY, and-SH). COP represses the antioxidant system.展开更多
A new di-function adsorbent(JN-3)was prepared by sulfhydryl modified.Comparing with Amberlite XAD-4 and NDA-150,the equilibrium adsorption for phenol on the JN-3 from aqueous solutions was tested,perfect adsorption ca...A new di-function adsorbent(JN-3)was prepared by sulfhydryl modified.Comparing with Amberlite XAD-4 and NDA-150,the equilibrium adsorption for phenol on the JN-3 from aqueous solutions was tested,perfect adsorption capacity was shown.Pb^(2+)can be also removed by JN-3 because of the chelate interaction between sulfhydryl groups and metal ions.This adsorbent could be used in removal of combine pollutants such as phenolic compounds and heavy metal ions from waste streams.展开更多
Significant correlations exist for the total sample between the dough viscoelastic properties and quality, but little information about these links is available. This study investigates the relationship between the gl...Significant correlations exist for the total sample between the dough viscoelastic properties and quality, but little information about these links is available. This study investigates the relationship between the gluten molecular conformation and the dough viscoelastic properties of the Zhengmai 379 wheat variety with different relative humidity(RH) values during storage.The results showed that protein extractability, free sulfhydryl(SH) groups, and wet gluten contents decreased to a certain degree during storage, while the glutenin quantity significantly varied. Significant negative correlation coefficients were found between the dough viscosity at 50% RH and the β-turn contents at 40% RH(-0.918) or 60% RH(-0.949)(P < 0.01), the dough viscosity at50% RH and the β-turn contents at 50% RH(-0.912)(P < 0.05), and the dough viscosity at 50% RH and the α-helix/β-sheet ratio at 40% RH(-0.875), 50% RH(-0.869), or 60% RH(-0.843)(P < 0.05). Significant correlation coefficients were further observed between the dough viscosity at 50% RH and the β-sheet contents at 60% RH(0.927)(P < 0.01) and between the dough viscosity at50% RH and the β-sheet contents at 40% RH(0.910) or 50% RH(0.908)(P < 0.05). A decrease in the free SH groups of gluten and an increase in the low-molecular weight contents suggested that gliadin was incorporated via SS crosslinking to the glutenin-like protein, which did not dissolve in ethanol.展开更多
The studies were performed to investigate the mechanism of phenamiphos affecting muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M-AchR) of the brain synaptosome in rats.The results showed that phenamiphos inhibited the binding of...The studies were performed to investigate the mechanism of phenamiphos affecting muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M-AchR) of the brain synaptosome in rats.The results showed that phenamiphos inhibited the binding of 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate (3H-QNB) to the brain synaptosome in rats, and this effect was dose and time-depen dent. This suggests that phenamiphos might directly affect M-AchR. The KD and Bmax of phenamiphos to M-AchR were measured and found to be 1. 3 × 10-7 mol/L and 4. 57pmol/mg protein, respectively. It belongs to non-specific inhibition of phenamiphos on the binding of 3H-QNB to M-AchR. It was also found that phenamiphos decreased the level of protein sulfhydryl group in brain synaptosome membrane. Dithiothreitol (DTT) and the reduced glutathion (GSH) prevented the decrease of protein sulfhydrylgroup and the inhibition of phenamiphos on the binding of 3H-QNB to M-AchR. These showed that phenamiphos could affect the sulfhydryl group of M-AchR surface.展开更多
Melatonin (MEL) was investigated for protection against the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (Dox) that is well known for its oxidative damage to various body organs. It was aimed to have a comparison of this prot...Melatonin (MEL) was investigated for protection against the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (Dox) that is well known for its oxidative damage to various body organs. It was aimed to have a comparison of this protection to heart, liver and kidney in the treated subjects. In this study, groups of mice were treated with Dox and melatonin and their individual or combined effects were evaluated by assessing lipidperoxidation, non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) and nitrate/nitrite (NO) contents in these tissues. Plasma aminotransferases, LDH and CK-MB enzyme activities were measured. Moreover, these tissues were subject to histopathological assessment. MEL co-treatment significantly prevented any rise in lipidperoxides more significantly in heart and liver as compared to kidney. In tandem, MEL prevented a decline in GSH that was observed by Dox alone in liver and kidney. Dox significantly increased total NO levels in all the tissues. Melatonin at both dose levels could not afford protection against nitrosative stress. MEL in combination treatment provided significant展开更多
According to our research, the use of radon inhalation in experimental animals, particularly in genetically determined rats with epileptic seizures, altered all parameters of the epileptic seizure development picture,...According to our research, the use of radon inhalation in experimental animals, particularly in genetically determined rats with epileptic seizures, altered all parameters of the epileptic seizure development picture, namely the hidden period, the first and second wild jog duration after the audiogenic signal. On the third day, no response to the audiogenic signal was observed at all, and not even a single episode of tonic-clonic seizures. All mentioned suggest that radon inhalation could be used to treat epilepsy. Presented study is the first precedent of attempt R-Ho through inhalation for treatment of epileptic seizures in animal models with further translation to clinical study in humans through pilot phase II study. More profound and scientifically systematized approach is needed to determine uniqueness of Tskhaltubo water springs, great importance investigation of the mechanisms of radon effects on the excitatory and inhibitory functioning of CNS and further clinical studies to establish its effect on humans.展开更多
Induced-acetaldehyde toxic effects on gluatathione [GSH] metabolism and sulfhydryl (SH) groups in liver and in brain of female albino rats with reference to age was studied.The total -SH groups were decreased whereas ...Induced-acetaldehyde toxic effects on gluatathione [GSH] metabolism and sulfhydryl (SH) groups in liver and in brain of female albino rats with reference to age was studied.The total -SH groups were decreased whereas the specific activities of glutathione-S-transferase [GST] and glutathione peroxidase [GP0] were increased in acetaldehyde treated rats. However, the specific activity levels of glutathione reductase [GR] and Γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase [Γ-GCS] were decreased. In general, acetaldehyde indueed changes in the specific activities of the enzymes that increase with increasing age展开更多
Sickle cell disease(SCD) is the first molecular disease in the literature. Although the structural alteration and dysfunction of the sickle hemoglobin(HbS) are well understood, the many factors modifying the clinical ...Sickle cell disease(SCD) is the first molecular disease in the literature. Although the structural alteration and dysfunction of the sickle hemoglobin(HbS) are well understood, the many factors modifying the clinical signs and symptoms of the disease are under investigation. Besides having an abnormal electrophoretic mobility and solubility, HbS is unstable. The autooxidation rate of the abnormal HbS has been reported to be almost two times of the normal. There are two more components of the oxidative damage in SCD: Free radical induced oxidative damage during vaso-occlusion induced ischemia-reperfusion injury and decreased antioxidant capacity in the erythrocyte and in the circulation. We will discuss the effects of oxidative alterations in the erythrocyte and in the plasma of SCD patients in this review.展开更多
Efficient removal of trace radiostrontium from contaminated highly saline wastewater,such as seawater,remains a critical but challenging task due to the coexistence of large excess of hard cations like Na^(+),K^(+),Mg...Efficient removal of trace radiostrontium from contaminated highly saline wastewater,such as seawater,remains a critical but challenging task due to the coexistence of large excess of hard cations like Na^(+),K^(+),Mg^(2+)and particularly Ca^(2+),which shares similar physicochemical properties with Sr2+.Herein,we successfully boosted the selectivity by a sulfhydryl-functionalized NaA zeolite(SH-NaA)via ion exchange coupled with reinforced soft-soft interactions between sulfhydryl groups and Sr2+.Remarkably,SH-NaA achieved a 99.8%removal efficiency of Sr2+in the presence of a tenfold excess of Ca^(2+),with a distribution coefficient(Kd)of 4.98×10^(5)mL/g.The effectiveness of SH-NaA in accurately capturing Sr2+was further validated by its superior dynamic adsorption performance in natural seawater compared to pristine NaA zeolite.Batch experiments highlighted SH-NaA’s exceptional Sr2+removal efficiency(qm=233.36 mg/g),rapid adsorption kinetics(1 min),superior decontamination depth(Kd=6.71×10^(5)mL/g),and robust irradiation stability(400 kGyγ-ray).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and in situ Fouriertransform infrared(FTIR)analyses underscored the pivotal role of sulfhydryl groups in Sr2+capture.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that the sulfhydryl-functionalized NaA zeolite exhibits the best selectivity toward Sr2+,with an interaction energy of-2.55 eV.These findings demonstrate that organic group functionalized zeolites hold significant promise for environmental remediation applications.展开更多
Conventional strategies for highly reversible Zn anodes usually involve complex and time-consuming production processes of current collectors,expensive and toxic electrolyte additives,or the introduction of inactive m...Conventional strategies for highly reversible Zn anodes usually involve complex and time-consuming production processes of current collectors,expensive and toxic electrolyte additives,or the introduction of inactive materials in protective layer.Here,we develop a fast,facile,and environmentally friendly biopolishing method to prepare dendrite-free Zn anodes,which merely involves the simple immersion of Zn foil in a biocompatible cysteine aqueous solution.The ravine structure formed by sulfhydryl etching for 30 min not only increases the electroactive area of Zn anode but also regulates the distribution of electric field and Zn ions,ensuring the homogeneous deposition and stripping of Zn ions.The biopolished Zn anode can be operated steadily for 2,000 h with a low voltage hysteresis at a current density of 1 mA·cm^(−2).In addition,Zn anodes with a cycle life of 500 h can be built by soaking for only 5 min,proving the high efficiency of the proposed method.This strategy is generalized to substances with sulfhydryl groups for polishing Zn electrodes with improved performance.The cysteine-polished Zn//activated carbon supercapacitor can stably run for 20,000 cycles without obvious capacity attenuation.The proposed strategy shows potential for producing advanced Zn anodes.展开更多
Objective To observe sulfhydryl compound variation in the injury of pancreatic cells and the effects of external sulfhydryl compounds on cytoprotection.Methods Male Wistar mice were divided randomly into three group...Objective To observe sulfhydryl compound variation in the injury of pancreatic cells and the effects of external sulfhydryl compounds on cytoprotection.Methods Male Wistar mice were divided randomly into three groups: groups A and B served as animal models (retrograde duct infusion with 5% sodium taurocholate), in group A, 45 animals were treated with normal saline therapy, in group B, 45 aminals were treated with Tiopronin therapy; and group C, 15 animals, were designated as normal control. Animals were killed at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h, and pancreatic tissue was analyzed for total sulfhydryl (TSH), nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathology, serum amylase (Sam) and C reactive protein (CRP) were assessed as well.Results Levels of Sam and CRP increased in both group A and group B, with corresponding pathological changes of acute nerotic pancreatitis (ANP). Levels of TSH, NPSH and protein sulfhydryl (PSH) in group A decreased markedly during pancreatitis (P<0.01), but MDA increased significantly (P<0.01). The depletion of NPSH in group B was markedly ameliorated at 4 h or 6 h, when Tiopronin was prophylactically administered (P<0.05), after which the level of MDA showed very little increase when compared to group A (P<0.01). Histopathological damage was attenuated to a certain extent, in regards to serum amylase and CRP.Conclusions All sulfhydryl compounds decreased significantly during ANP; external sulfhydryl compound could protect the pancreatic cells most likely as a type of scavengers of oxygen free radicals, which are critically involved in the pathophysiology of ANP. Sulfhydryl plays an important role in the action of pancreatic cytoprotection.展开更多
Biochar is an effective absorbent for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil,but functional optimization is still needed to improve its performance in field application.Here,we characterized the physical structures...Biochar is an effective absorbent for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil,but functional optimization is still needed to improve its performance in field application.Here,we characterized the physical structures and surface chemical properties of raw wood biochar and palm biochar(WB and PB)and the corresponding sulfhydryl-modified biochar(SWB and SPB).Their adsorption capacity for Pb was evaluated by combining thermodynamic and kinetic adsorption at 0.01 mol/L KCl and corresponding model simulation.The results demonstrated successful grafting of sulfhydryl groups onto the biochar,which dramatically reduced the specific surface area(SSA)and pore volume of biochar.The pKa in the surface complexation model(SCM)indicated similar proton affinity between sulfhydryl groups and original functional groups on the biochar.SCM could satisfactorily fit the Pb adsorption behaviors,and model analysis revealed that Pb tended to be adsorbed on low-proton affin-ity sites at low pH,but high-proton affinity sites became dominant in Pb adsorption with increasing pH and adsorbed almost all Pb ions at pH>7.0.Besides,the Pb adsorption density of SWB and SPB was improved by 8.86 and 3.64 folds relative to that of WB and PB,respectively.Over 90% of initially added Pb ions were removed in 1440 and 720 min by raw and sulfhydryl-modified biochar,respectively,indicating that sulfhydryl modification accelerated the Pb adsorption of biochar.These results suggest that site density,SSA and pore structure of biochar play crucial roles in heavy metal adsorption,and sulfhydryl modification may improve the performance of biochar in remediating heavy metal contaminated soil.展开更多
We demonstrate improved peptide linkers which allow both conjugation to biomolecules such as DNA and self-assembly with luminescent semiconductor quantum dots.A hexahistidine peptidyl sequence was generated by standar...We demonstrate improved peptide linkers which allow both conjugation to biomolecules such as DNA and self-assembly with luminescent semiconductor quantum dots.A hexahistidine peptidyl sequence was generated by standard solid phase peptide synthesis and modified with the succinimidyl ester of iodoacetamide to yield a thiol-reactive iodoacetyl polyhistidine linker.The reactive peptide was conjugated to dye-labeled thiolated DNA which was utilized as a model target biomolecule.Agarose gel electrophoresis and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis confirmed that the linker allowed the DNA to self-assemble with quantum dots via metal-affinity driven coordination.In contrast to previous peptidyl linkers that were based on disulfide exchange and were thus labile to reduction,the reactive haloacetyl chemistry demonstrated here results in a more stable thioether bond linking the DNA to the peptide which can withstand strongly reducing environments such as the intracellular cytoplasm.As thiol groups occur naturally in proteins,can be engineered into cloned proteins,inserted into nascent peptides or added to DNA during synthesis,the chemistry demonstrated here can provide a simple method for self-assembling a variety of stable quantum dot bioconjugates.展开更多
文摘[ Objective] The study aimed to explore the denaturalization law of β-Iactoglobulin （β-LG） under instantaneous high-pressure（IHP） con- dition. [Methed] Using fresh milk as testing material, effects of pressure, feed temperature and treatment time on the denaturalization of β-LG were studied via SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and sulfhydryl content detection after IHP treatment. [ Result] IHP could induce the agglomeration and depo- lymerization Of β-LG. The agglomeration of the β-LG increased with the elevated pressure from 20 to 60 MPa, but 80 MPa pressure led to depolyme- rization. The effect of feed temperature （25 -45 ℃） was similar to that of the pressure, while the influence of treatment time （2 -8 min） was not obvious. [ Conclusion] The study provided a theoretical basis for the elimination of allergens in β-LG and the application of IHP technology in milk treatment.
基金Supported by King AbdulAziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Spices Project No. AR1637
文摘AIM： To substantiate the claims of Unani and Arabian traditional medicine practitioners on the gastroprotective potential effect of a popular spice anise, ＂Pimpinella anisum L.＂ on experimentally-induced gastric ulceration and secretion in rats. METHODS： Acute gastric ulceration in rats was produced by various noxious chemicals including 80% ethanol, 0.2 mol/L NaOH, 25% NaCI and indomethacin. Anti-secretory studies were undertaken using pylorusligated Shay rat technique. Levels of gastric non-protein sulfhydryls （NP-SH） and wall mucus were estimated and gastric tissue was also examined histologically. Anise aqueous suspension was used in two doses （250 and 500 mg/kg body weight） in all experiments. RESULTS： Anise significantly inhibited gastric mu- cosal damage induced by necrotizing agents and indomethacin. The anti-ulcer effect was further confirmed histologically. In pylorus-ligated Shay rats, anise suspension significantly reduced the basal gastric acid secretion, acidity and completely inhibited the rumenal ulceration. On the other hand, the suspension significantly replenished ethanol-induced depleted levels of gastric mucosal NP-SH and gastric wall mucus concentration. CONCLUSION： Anise aqueous suspension possesses significant cytoprotective and anti-ulcer activities against experimentallynduced gastric lesions. The anti-ulcer effect of anise is possibly prostaglandin-mediated and/orthrough its anti-secretory and antioxidative properties.
文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis is a multifactor autoimmune disease characterized by hepatic and systemic manifestations,with immune system dysregulation and abnormalities in the hepatic metabolism of bile salts,lipids,and nutrients,as well as destruction of membrane lipids and mitochondrial dysfunction.Both oxidative and nitrosative stress are associated with ongoing manifestations of the disease.In particular,abnormalities in nitric oxide metabolism and thiol oxidation already occur at early stages,thus leading to the hypothesis that these biochemical events play a pathogenic role in primary biliary cirrhosis.Moreover,the association of these metabolic abnormalities with the progression of the disease may indicate some biochemical parameters as early diagnostic markers of disease evolution,and may open up the potential for pharmacological intervention to inhibit intra-and extra-cellular stress events for resuming hepatocellular functions.The following paragraphs summarize the current knowledge by outlining molecular mechanisms of the disease related to these stress events.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20666004)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China(No.IRT0540)
文摘The authors dealt with the effects of dynamic high pressure micro-fluidization（untreated and 20-160 MPa treated） on the structure and physico-chemical properties of egg white solutions[6%（mass fraction） or 61.2 mg protein/mL]. Micro-fluidization treatment resulted in a decrease in mean particle size, and little change in solubility. It was found that the residual denaturation enthalpy was decreased with the increase of pressure from 20 to 100 MPa and from 120 to 160 MPa, reaching into the maximum at 160 MPa. There was an increase of surface hydrophobicity with the maximum at 100 MPa observed. Simultaneously, micro-fluidization treatment also resulted in a decrease in the content of sulfhydryl groups.
文摘A new adsorbent for heavy metal ions, sulfhydryl chitosan (S chitosan), was produced by treatment of chitosan with sulhydryl acetic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Its structure was confirmed by elemental analysis and FT IR spectra analysis. The adsorption properties of sulfhydryl chitosan for Cu(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅲ) and Ni(Ⅱ) were investigated, and the effect of pH value on adsorption, adsorption kinetics, and selective adsorption was examined. It was shown that S chitosan has good adsorption for Pb(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) like chitosan, is also insoluble in acid solution; has good adsorption kinetic properties for heavy metal ions; and can be used in acid solution. The adsorption capacities of S chitosan can be affected by media acidity. The adsorbed Cu(Ⅱ) Cd(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ) could be eluted by diluted chlorhydric acid.
文摘AIM: To study the effect of bromophenacyl bromide (BPB), a phospholipase A2 inhibitor on gastric secretion and to protect chemically induced gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats. METHODS: Acid secretion studies were undertaken in pylorus-ligated rats with BPB treatment (0, 5, 15 and 45 mg/kg). Gastric and duodenal lesions in the rats were induced by ethanol and cysteamine respectively. The levels of gastric wall mucus, nonprotein sulfhydryls (NP- SH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also measured in the glandular stomach of rats following ethanol induced gastric lesions. RESULTS: BPB produced a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric acid secretion and acidity in rats. Pretreatment with BPB significantly attenuated the formation of etha- nol induced gastric lesion. BPB also protected intestinal mucosa against cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers. The antiulcer activity of BPB was associated with signifi- cant inhibition of ethanol-induced depletion of gastric wall mucus, NP-SH and MPO. These findings pointed towards the mediation of sulfhydryls in BPB induced gas- trointestinal cytoprotection. CONCLUSION: BPB possesses significant antiulcer and cytoprotective activity against experimentally induced gastroduodenal lesions.
文摘AIM： To validate gastric anti-ulcer properties of Rocket ＂Eruca sativa＂ on experimentally-induced gastric secretion and ulceration in albino rats. METHODS： Gastric acid secretion studies were undertaken using pylorus-ligated rats. Gastric lesions in the rats were induced by noxious chemicals including ethanol, strong alkalis, indomethacin and hypothermic restraint stress. The levels of gastric wall mucus （GWM）, nonprotein sulfhydryls （NP-SH） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were also measured in the glandular stomach of rats following ethanol administration. The gastric tissue was also examined histologically. The extract was used in two doses （250 and 500 mg/kg body weight） in all experiments. RESULTS： In pylorus-ligated Shay rats, the ethanolic extract of Rocket ＂Eruca sativa L.＂ （EER） significantly and dose-dependently reduced the basal gastric acid secretion, titratable acidity and ruminal ulceration. Rocket extract significantly attenuated gastric ulceration induced by necrotizing agents （80% ethanol, 0.2 mol/L NaOH, 25% NaCl）, indomethacin and hypothermic restraint stress. The anti-ulcer effect was further confirmed histologically. On the other hand, the extract significantly replenished GWM and NP-SH levels, as well as the MDA level significantly reduced by extract pretreatment. CONCLUSION： Rocket extract possesses antisecretory, cytoprotective, and anti-ulcer activities against experimentally-induced gastric lesions. The anti-ulcer effect is possibly through prostaglandinmediated activity and/or through its anti-secretory and antioxidant properties.
文摘BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide poisoning(COP) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This study was to investigate the levels of serum paraoxonase(PON), arylesterase(ARYL), ceruloplasmin(Cp), and sulfhydryl(-SH) in the treatment of COP, and to further understand the pathophysiology of COP.METHODS: This prospective study comprised 107 individuals with COP(group 1) and 50 healthy volunteers(group 2). Serum, plasma, and erythrocyte samples were taken on admission from all participants with COP. This process was repeated in the 90 th and 180 th minutes of treatment. Samples were taken from the control group only once. The levels of plasma PON, ARYL, Cp activity and-SH were measured in both groups.RESULTS: Age, gender, and carboxyhemoglobin level were not correlated with PON, ARYL, Cp, and-SH levels. PON, ARYL, and-SH levels were signifi cantly decreased in group 1 compared with group 2. Conversely, Cp was signifi cantly elevated in group 1 in contrast to group 2. Although ARYL was lower on admission in patients with COP than that was observed in the 90 th and 180 th minutes(P<0.001), Cp was higher on admission than at the other time points(P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Participants with COP had decreased levels of antioxidants(PON, ARLY, and-SH). COP represses the antioxidant system.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50778088).
文摘A new di-function adsorbent(JN-3)was prepared by sulfhydryl modified.Comparing with Amberlite XAD-4 and NDA-150,the equilibrium adsorption for phenol on the JN-3 from aqueous solutions was tested,perfect adsorption capacity was shown.Pb^(2+)can be also removed by JN-3 because of the chelate interaction between sulfhydryl groups and metal ions.This adsorbent could be used in removal of combine pollutants such as phenolic compounds and heavy metal ions from waste streams.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0400203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571780 and 31771897)+2 种基金General Science and Technology Research Projects of Zhengzhou(N2013G0077)Key Scientific Research Project of Universities in Henan Province(16A210018)the focus on Fostering Basic Research Fund of Henan University of Technology(2013JCYJ05)
文摘Significant correlations exist for the total sample between the dough viscoelastic properties and quality, but little information about these links is available. This study investigates the relationship between the gluten molecular conformation and the dough viscoelastic properties of the Zhengmai 379 wheat variety with different relative humidity(RH) values during storage.The results showed that protein extractability, free sulfhydryl(SH) groups, and wet gluten contents decreased to a certain degree during storage, while the glutenin quantity significantly varied. Significant negative correlation coefficients were found between the dough viscosity at 50% RH and the β-turn contents at 40% RH(-0.918) or 60% RH(-0.949)(P < 0.01), the dough viscosity at50% RH and the β-turn contents at 50% RH(-0.912)(P < 0.05), and the dough viscosity at 50% RH and the α-helix/β-sheet ratio at 40% RH(-0.875), 50% RH(-0.869), or 60% RH(-0.843)(P < 0.05). Significant correlation coefficients were further observed between the dough viscosity at 50% RH and the β-sheet contents at 60% RH(0.927)(P < 0.01) and between the dough viscosity at50% RH and the β-sheet contents at 40% RH(0.910) or 50% RH(0.908)(P < 0.05). A decrease in the free SH groups of gluten and an increase in the low-molecular weight contents suggested that gliadin was incorporated via SS crosslinking to the glutenin-like protein, which did not dissolve in ethanol.
文摘The studies were performed to investigate the mechanism of phenamiphos affecting muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M-AchR) of the brain synaptosome in rats.The results showed that phenamiphos inhibited the binding of 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate (3H-QNB) to the brain synaptosome in rats, and this effect was dose and time-depen dent. This suggests that phenamiphos might directly affect M-AchR. The KD and Bmax of phenamiphos to M-AchR were measured and found to be 1. 3 × 10-7 mol/L and 4. 57pmol/mg protein, respectively. It belongs to non-specific inhibition of phenamiphos on the binding of 3H-QNB to M-AchR. It was also found that phenamiphos decreased the level of protein sulfhydryl group in brain synaptosome membrane. Dithiothreitol (DTT) and the reduced glutathion (GSH) prevented the decrease of protein sulfhydrylgroup and the inhibition of phenamiphos on the binding of 3H-QNB to M-AchR. These showed that phenamiphos could affect the sulfhydryl group of M-AchR surface.
文摘Melatonin (MEL) was investigated for protection against the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (Dox) that is well known for its oxidative damage to various body organs. It was aimed to have a comparison of this protection to heart, liver and kidney in the treated subjects. In this study, groups of mice were treated with Dox and melatonin and their individual or combined effects were evaluated by assessing lipidperoxidation, non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) and nitrate/nitrite (NO) contents in these tissues. Plasma aminotransferases, LDH and CK-MB enzyme activities were measured. Moreover, these tissues were subject to histopathological assessment. MEL co-treatment significantly prevented any rise in lipidperoxides more significantly in heart and liver as compared to kidney. In tandem, MEL prevented a decline in GSH that was observed by Dox alone in liver and kidney. Dox significantly increased total NO levels in all the tissues. Melatonin at both dose levels could not afford protection against nitrosative stress. MEL in combination treatment provided significant
文摘According to our research, the use of radon inhalation in experimental animals, particularly in genetically determined rats with epileptic seizures, altered all parameters of the epileptic seizure development picture, namely the hidden period, the first and second wild jog duration after the audiogenic signal. On the third day, no response to the audiogenic signal was observed at all, and not even a single episode of tonic-clonic seizures. All mentioned suggest that radon inhalation could be used to treat epilepsy. Presented study is the first precedent of attempt R-Ho through inhalation for treatment of epileptic seizures in animal models with further translation to clinical study in humans through pilot phase II study. More profound and scientifically systematized approach is needed to determine uniqueness of Tskhaltubo water springs, great importance investigation of the mechanisms of radon effects on the excitatory and inhibitory functioning of CNS and further clinical studies to establish its effect on humans.
文摘Induced-acetaldehyde toxic effects on gluatathione [GSH] metabolism and sulfhydryl (SH) groups in liver and in brain of female albino rats with reference to age was studied.The total -SH groups were decreased whereas the specific activities of glutathione-S-transferase [GST] and glutathione peroxidase [GP0] were increased in acetaldehyde treated rats. However, the specific activity levels of glutathione reductase [GR] and Γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase [Γ-GCS] were decreased. In general, acetaldehyde indueed changes in the specific activities of the enzymes that increase with increasing age
文摘Sickle cell disease(SCD) is the first molecular disease in the literature. Although the structural alteration and dysfunction of the sickle hemoglobin(HbS) are well understood, the many factors modifying the clinical signs and symptoms of the disease are under investigation. Besides having an abnormal electrophoretic mobility and solubility, HbS is unstable. The autooxidation rate of the abnormal HbS has been reported to be almost two times of the normal. There are two more components of the oxidative damage in SCD: Free radical induced oxidative damage during vaso-occlusion induced ischemia-reperfusion injury and decreased antioxidant capacity in the erythrocyte and in the circulation. We will discuss the effects of oxidative alterations in the erythrocyte and in the plasma of SCD patients in this review.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22425061,22176139,22203023,22206144,22306136,U2267222,and U1967217)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022A1515011859)+3 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(BX20230252,2023M742538)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230510)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials(22kfhg02)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Efficient removal of trace radiostrontium from contaminated highly saline wastewater,such as seawater,remains a critical but challenging task due to the coexistence of large excess of hard cations like Na^(+),K^(+),Mg^(2+)and particularly Ca^(2+),which shares similar physicochemical properties with Sr2+.Herein,we successfully boosted the selectivity by a sulfhydryl-functionalized NaA zeolite(SH-NaA)via ion exchange coupled with reinforced soft-soft interactions between sulfhydryl groups and Sr2+.Remarkably,SH-NaA achieved a 99.8%removal efficiency of Sr2+in the presence of a tenfold excess of Ca^(2+),with a distribution coefficient(Kd)of 4.98×10^(5)mL/g.The effectiveness of SH-NaA in accurately capturing Sr2+was further validated by its superior dynamic adsorption performance in natural seawater compared to pristine NaA zeolite.Batch experiments highlighted SH-NaA’s exceptional Sr2+removal efficiency(qm=233.36 mg/g),rapid adsorption kinetics(1 min),superior decontamination depth(Kd=6.71×10^(5)mL/g),and robust irradiation stability(400 kGyγ-ray).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and in situ Fouriertransform infrared(FTIR)analyses underscored the pivotal role of sulfhydryl groups in Sr2+capture.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that the sulfhydryl-functionalized NaA zeolite exhibits the best selectivity toward Sr2+,with an interaction energy of-2.55 eV.These findings demonstrate that organic group functionalized zeolites hold significant promise for environmental remediation applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21825106 and 92061201)the Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in Universities of Henan Province(No.19IRTSTHN022)Zhengzhou University。
文摘Conventional strategies for highly reversible Zn anodes usually involve complex and time-consuming production processes of current collectors,expensive and toxic electrolyte additives,or the introduction of inactive materials in protective layer.Here,we develop a fast,facile,and environmentally friendly biopolishing method to prepare dendrite-free Zn anodes,which merely involves the simple immersion of Zn foil in a biocompatible cysteine aqueous solution.The ravine structure formed by sulfhydryl etching for 30 min not only increases the electroactive area of Zn anode but also regulates the distribution of electric field and Zn ions,ensuring the homogeneous deposition and stripping of Zn ions.The biopolished Zn anode can be operated steadily for 2,000 h with a low voltage hysteresis at a current density of 1 mA·cm^(−2).In addition,Zn anodes with a cycle life of 500 h can be built by soaking for only 5 min,proving the high efficiency of the proposed method.This strategy is generalized to substances with sulfhydryl groups for polishing Zn electrodes with improved performance.The cysteine-polished Zn//activated carbon supercapacitor can stably run for 20,000 cycles without obvious capacity attenuation.The proposed strategy shows potential for producing advanced Zn anodes.
文摘Objective To observe sulfhydryl compound variation in the injury of pancreatic cells and the effects of external sulfhydryl compounds on cytoprotection.Methods Male Wistar mice were divided randomly into three groups: groups A and B served as animal models (retrograde duct infusion with 5% sodium taurocholate), in group A, 45 animals were treated with normal saline therapy, in group B, 45 aminals were treated with Tiopronin therapy; and group C, 15 animals, were designated as normal control. Animals were killed at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h, and pancreatic tissue was analyzed for total sulfhydryl (TSH), nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathology, serum amylase (Sam) and C reactive protein (CRP) were assessed as well.Results Levels of Sam and CRP increased in both group A and group B, with corresponding pathological changes of acute nerotic pancreatitis (ANP). Levels of TSH, NPSH and protein sulfhydryl (PSH) in group A decreased markedly during pancreatitis (P<0.01), but MDA increased significantly (P<0.01). The depletion of NPSH in group B was markedly ameliorated at 4 h or 6 h, when Tiopronin was prophylactically administered (P<0.05), after which the level of MDA showed very little increase when compared to group A (P<0.01). Histopathological damage was attenuated to a certain extent, in regards to serum amylase and CRP.Conclusions All sulfhydryl compounds decreased significantly during ANP; external sulfhydryl compound could protect the pancreatic cells most likely as a type of scavengers of oxygen free radicals, which are critically involved in the pathophysiology of ANP. Sulfhydryl plays an important role in the action of pancreatic cytoprotection.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41601231 and 41425006)We are also thankful to Prof.Zuoxiong Liu from the Foreign Language School of HZAU for his help to edit and polish the English language of the manuscript.
文摘Biochar is an effective absorbent for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil,but functional optimization is still needed to improve its performance in field application.Here,we characterized the physical structures and surface chemical properties of raw wood biochar and palm biochar(WB and PB)and the corresponding sulfhydryl-modified biochar(SWB and SPB).Their adsorption capacity for Pb was evaluated by combining thermodynamic and kinetic adsorption at 0.01 mol/L KCl and corresponding model simulation.The results demonstrated successful grafting of sulfhydryl groups onto the biochar,which dramatically reduced the specific surface area(SSA)and pore volume of biochar.The pKa in the surface complexation model(SCM)indicated similar proton affinity between sulfhydryl groups and original functional groups on the biochar.SCM could satisfactorily fit the Pb adsorption behaviors,and model analysis revealed that Pb tended to be adsorbed on low-proton affin-ity sites at low pH,but high-proton affinity sites became dominant in Pb adsorption with increasing pH and adsorbed almost all Pb ions at pH>7.0.Besides,the Pb adsorption density of SWB and SPB was improved by 8.86 and 3.64 folds relative to that of WB and PB,respectively.Over 90% of initially added Pb ions were removed in 1440 and 720 min by raw and sulfhydryl-modified biochar,respectively,indicating that sulfhydryl modification accelerated the Pb adsorption of biochar.These results suggest that site density,SSA and pore structure of biochar play crucial roles in heavy metal adsorption,and sulfhydryl modification may improve the performance of biochar in remediating heavy metal contaminated soil.
基金The authors acknowledge Stephen Lee and Ilya Elashvilli of the CB Directorate/Physical S&T Division(DTRA),ONR,NRL,and the NRLNSI for financial support.
文摘We demonstrate improved peptide linkers which allow both conjugation to biomolecules such as DNA and self-assembly with luminescent semiconductor quantum dots.A hexahistidine peptidyl sequence was generated by standard solid phase peptide synthesis and modified with the succinimidyl ester of iodoacetamide to yield a thiol-reactive iodoacetyl polyhistidine linker.The reactive peptide was conjugated to dye-labeled thiolated DNA which was utilized as a model target biomolecule.Agarose gel electrophoresis and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis confirmed that the linker allowed the DNA to self-assemble with quantum dots via metal-affinity driven coordination.In contrast to previous peptidyl linkers that were based on disulfide exchange and were thus labile to reduction,the reactive haloacetyl chemistry demonstrated here results in a more stable thioether bond linking the DNA to the peptide which can withstand strongly reducing environments such as the intracellular cytoplasm.As thiol groups occur naturally in proteins,can be engineered into cloned proteins,inserted into nascent peptides or added to DNA during synthesis,the chemistry demonstrated here can provide a simple method for self-assembling a variety of stable quantum dot bioconjugates.
