Alternative methods for biodiesel purification that focus on ease of operation,cost reduction,and elimination of contaminated residues or that are easier to treat have received more attention.The dry wash route was us...Alternative methods for biodiesel purification that focus on ease of operation,cost reduction,and elimination of contaminated residues or that are easier to treat have received more attention.The dry wash route was used as an alternative to the wet route in biodiesel production.Filter membranes were developed based on cellulose nanofibers as the matrix and sugarcane bagasse fibers or soy hulls,as reinforcement to the matrix,before and after two chemical treatments(carboxymethylation and regeneration with sulfuric acid).The filters were characterized by permeability capacity,morphology,wettability,porosity,SEM and mechanical properties.The filtered biodiesel was also completely characterized.One of the major impacts of dry purification of biodiesel was the glycerin content after filtration.The filters CNFBR 20-28,CNFSR 5-28,CNFSR 5-35,and CNFBC 5-28 produced purified biodiesel with glycerin content below 0.02%(200 mg/L).Another relevant fact is related to the best results for acidity index,combined alkalinity,and glycerin content,obtained by the regenerated filter CNFBR 20-28,which presented a considerable permeate flow rate value above 4145 L h^(-1) m^(-2),which can be related to compacted lamellar layers observed by SEM.The produced filters were applied to biodiesel purification using a low-pressure filtration system and a simple vacuum pump,which resulted in an appreciable reduction in cost.The produced filter with sugarcane bagasse fiber carboxymethylated at 28 mesh of granulometry was efficient for biodiesel purification,including the efficient removal of free glycerin,in agreement with the standards defined by the national controlling agencies.展开更多
Isochorismate synthase(ICS),a key rate-limiting enzyme in the salicylic acid(SA)biosynthesis pathway in plants,is essential for plant growth and defense against diseases.However,there has been no report on ICS in suga...Isochorismate synthase(ICS),a key rate-limiting enzyme in the salicylic acid(SA)biosynthesis pathway in plants,is essential for plant growth and defense against diseases.However,there has been no report on ICS in sugarcane(Saccharum spp.).In this study,18 SsICSs,42 ShICSs,and 36 SzICSs were identified from the genomes of sugarcane AP85-441(Saccharum spontaneum),XTT22(Saccharum spp.hybrid cultivar),and ZZ1(Saccharum spp.hybrid cultivar),respectively.These were phylogenetically divided into three groups,forming distinct clades that were evolutionarily divergent from those in dicotyledonous species.The evolutionary profile of the ICS gene family suggested expansion through whole-genome duplication/segmental events and strong purifying selection.Promoter cis-element and transcriptome analyses indicated that the ICS gene family responded to disease stress.We cloned the ScICS(isochorismate synthase)gene from sugarcane cultivar XTT22 leaves,and found it was localized in chloroplasts.In vivo and in vitro interaction studies revealed an interaction between ScICS and an ScMYB transcription factor.We showed that ScWRKY28 positively regulated ScICS expression by binding to its promoter.ScICS overexpression in transgenic tobacco confirmed its effectiveness in enhancing disease resistance.There was a significant increase in SA content following pathogen infection along with activation of downstream signaling pathways and defense mechanisms.This study establishes the groundwork for functional studies of sugarcane ICS genes and enhances our understanding of the mechanisms of disease resistance in sugarcane.展开更多
Natural rubber(NR)foams are widely used.However,further studies are required for preparing eco-friendly NR foam and determining the optimum physical properties appropriate for application.This study aims to create an ...Natural rubber(NR)foams are widely used.However,further studies are required for preparing eco-friendly NR foam and determining the optimum physical properties appropriate for application.This study aims to create an NR foam from rubber reinforced with sugarcane bagasse ash(SCBA)and sodium alginate.The results showed that the SCBA was primarily composed of silica or silicon dioxide(87.52%by weight)and carbon(11.41%by weight).This study investigated the influence of the amount of sodium alginate(0-5 phr)used in the NR foam formation.The addition of SCBA on the NR foam affected the density,swelling behavior,and crosslink density of the foam.The results identified an optimal loading level that improved the density and morphology of the foam.The hardness and modulus of the NR foam increased with increasing amounts of SCBA,suggesting insufficient reinforcement.The NR exhibited the highest compressive stress at the SCBA concentration of 5 phr.This study facilitates the development of NR as green material and other support materials.展开更多
Biocomposites are one of the environmentally friendlymaterials as a substitute for synthetic plastics used for various applications in the automotive,household appliances industry,and interiors.In this study,biocompos...Biocomposites are one of the environmentally friendlymaterials as a substitute for synthetic plastics used for various applications in the automotive,household appliances industry,and interiors.In this study,biocomposites from Polylactic Acid(PLA)and sugarcane bagasse fibers(SBF)were made using the 3D Printing method.The effect of alkalization with NaOH of 0(untreated),4%,6%,and 8%of the fibers were studied.The SBF in PLA was kept at 2%v/v from the total biocomposite.The characterization of all biocomposite tested using tensile,flexural,impact,scanning electron microscope(SEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and Fourier TransformInfrared(FTIR).The tensile test results showed that the 6%NaOH concentration on the fibers had the highest tensile strength of 34.59MPa compared to pure PLA.Theflexural and impact strengths of the biocomposite samples in the treatment also showed the highest results of 45.62MPa and 45.03 kJ/m2,respectively.SEMimaging also confirmed the presence of good bonding between the matrix and fibers.The thermal stability of biocomposite showed an increase in the degradation point after alkalization.There was a change in the chemical functional group in the biocomposite with fibers treated by 6%NaOH at a wavenumber of 1150–1030 cm^(−1).These results indicate that PLA biocomposites have competitive properties for application in various industrial sectors.展开更多
Sugarcane is recognized as the fifth largest crop globally,supplying 80%of sugar and 40%of bioenergy production.However,sugarcane genetic research has significantly lagged behind other crops due to its complex genetic...Sugarcane is recognized as the fifth largest crop globally,supplying 80%of sugar and 40%of bioenergy production.However,sugarcane genetic research has significantly lagged behind other crops due to its complex genetic background,high ploidy(8-13×),aneuploidy,limited flowering,and a long growth cycle(more than one year).Cross breeding began in 1887 following the discovery that sugarcane seeds could germinate.Both self-and cross-pollination and selection were conducted by sugarcane breeders,but new cultivars were often eliminated due to disease susceptibility.Within the Saccharum genus,different species possess variable numbers of chromosomes.Wild sugarcane species intercrossed with each other,leading to development of the‘Nobilization’breeding strategy,which significantly improved yield,sucrose,fiber content,and disease resistance,and accelerated genetic improvement of cultivars.In recent years,scientific achievements have also been made in sugarcane genome sequencing,molecular marker development,genetic linkage map construction,localization of quantitative trait locus(QTL),and trait-associated gene identification.This review focuses on the progress in sugarcane genetic research,analyzes the technical difficulties faced,presents opportunities and challenges,and provides guidance and references for future sugarcane genetics research and cultivar breeding.Finally,it offers directions for future on sugarcane genetics.展开更多
Knowledge of the function of growth-regulating factors(GRFs)in sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum and S.spontaneum)growth and development could assist breeders in selecting desirable plant architectures.However,limited i...Knowledge of the function of growth-regulating factors(GRFs)in sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum and S.spontaneum)growth and development could assist breeders in selecting desirable plant architectures.However,limited information about GRFs is available in Saccharum due to their polyploidy.In this study,22 GRFs were identified in the two species and their conserved domains,gene structures,chromosome location,and synteny were characterized.GRF7 expression varied among tissues and responded to diurnal rhythm.SsGRF7-YFP was localized preferentially in the nucleus and appears to act as a transcriptional cofactor.SsGRF7 positively regulated the size and length of rice leaves,possibly by regulating cell size and plant hormones.Of seven potential transcription factors binding to the SsGRF7 promoter in S.spontaneum,four showed positive expression patterns,and two showed negative expression patterns relative to SsGRF7.展开更多
Sugarcane leaves-derived polyphenols(SLP)have been demonstrated to have diverse health-promoting benefits,but the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the anti-metabolic di...Sugarcane leaves-derived polyphenols(SLP)have been demonstrated to have diverse health-promoting benefits,but the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the anti-metabolic disease effects of SLP and the underlying mechanisms in mice.In the current study,we prepared the SLP mainly consisting of three flavonoid glycosides,three phenol derivatives,and two lignans including one new compound,and further demonstrated that SLP reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation,improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,ameliorated hepatic steatosis,and regulated short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production and secondary bile acids metabolism in ob/ob mice.Notably,SLP largely altered the gut microbiota composition,especially enriching the commensal bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides acidifaciens.Oral gavage with the above two strains ameliorated metabolic syndrome(MetS),regulated secondary bile acid metabolism,and increased the production of SCFAs in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice.These results demonstrated that SLP could be used as a prebiotic to attenuate MetS via regulating gut microbiota composition and further activating the secondary bile acids-mediated gut-adipose axis.展开更多
Sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition is an important sustainable agricultural pattern that can alter soil ecological functions,thereby affecting straw decomposition in the soil.However,the me...Sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition is an important sustainable agricultural pattern that can alter soil ecological functions,thereby affecting straw decomposition in the soil.However,the mechanisms underlying changes in soil organic carbon(SOC)composition and microbial communities during straw decomposition under long-term intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition remain unclear.In this study,we conducted an in-situ microplot incubation experiment with^(13)C-labeled soybean straw residue addition in a two-factor(cropping pattern:sugarcane monoculture(MS)and sugarcane/soybean intercropping(SB);nitrogen addition levels:reduced nitrogen addition(N1)and conventional nitrogen addition(N2))long-term experimental field plot.The results showed that the SBN1 treatment significantly increased the residual particulate organic carbon(POC)and residual microbial biomass carbon(MBC)contents during straw decomposition,and the straw carbon in soil was mainly conserved as POC.Straw addition changed the structure and reduced the diversity of the soil microbial community,but microbial diversity gradually recovered with decomposition time.During straw decomposition,the intercropping pattern significantly increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Ascomycota.In addition,straw addition reduced microbial network complexity in the sugarcane/soybean intercropping pattern but increased it in the sugarcane monoculture pattern.Nevertheless,microbial network complexity remained higher in the SBN1 treatment than in the MSN1 treatment.In general,the SBN1 treatment significantly increased the diversity of microbial communities and the relative abundance of microorganisms associated with organic matter decomposition,and the changes in microbial communities were mainly driven by the residual labile SOC fractions.These findings suggest that more straw carbon can be sequestered in the soil under sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition to maintain microbial diversity and contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture.展开更多
Sugarcane has recently attracted increasing attention for its potential as a source of sugar and bioethanol,so increasing its yield is essential to ensure the sugar security and bioenergy production.Intergeneric hybri...Sugarcane has recently attracted increasing attention for its potential as a source of sugar and bioethanol,so increasing its yield is essential to ensure the sugar security and bioenergy production.Intergeneric hybridization is a highly efficient method to produce new genetic variants of crop plants,particularly those species with high ploidy such as sugarcane(Saccharum spp.).Tripidium arundinaceum exhibits many desirable agronomic traits,and has been widely studied to produce hybrids with improved stress tolerance and other characteristics in sugarcane breeding.However,the genetic relationship between T.arundinaceum and Saccharum species,and the individual T.arundinaceum chromosomal compositions in sugarcane hybrids are still elusive.Here we used whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)to ascertain the phylogenetic relationships between these species and found that T.arundinaceum is more closely related to Saccharum than Sorghum,in contrast to the previous narrow genetic analyses using chloroplast DNA.Additionally,oligonucleotide(oligo)-based chromosome-specific painting derived from Saccharum officinarum was able to distinctly identify the chromosomes of T.arundinaceum.We developed the oligo-genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)system for the first time,to unveil the novel chromosome translocations and the transmission of individual T.arundinaceum chromosomes in sugarcane progeny.Notably,we discovered that the chromosomal transmission of T.arundinaceum exhibited several different inheritance modes,including n,2n,and over 2n in the BC1 progenies.Such inheritance patterns may have resulted from first division restitution(FDR)or FDR+nondisjunction of a chromosome with the sister chromatids in the second meiosis division/second division restitution(FDR+NSC/SDR)model during meiosis.These results will be of substantial benefit for the further selection of T.arundinaceum chromosomes for sugarcane genetic improvement.展开更多
Oxidative-exfoliation methods were in vogue in the production of rGO from graphite.Processing of such synthetic graphite needs high temperatures(2500℃).Thus,such process is not cost-effective.The present study is mad...Oxidative-exfoliation methods were in vogue in the production of rGO from graphite.Processing of such synthetic graphite needs high temperatures(2500℃).Thus,such process is not cost-effective.The present study is made on the dry leaves of sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum)as an alternative raw material so as to be economical and environmentally benign.The dry leaves are subjected to two-step pyrolysis without any catalyst or reducing agent in far divergent temperatures to produce as prepared and acid treated rGOs.They were evaluated by UV–Vis.,FTIR,XRD,Raman spectroscopy,TGA/DTG,BET,FESEM-EDS and TEM.The as prepared rGO has few layers with irregular and folded architecture whereas acid-treated rGO has thinly stacked crumpled sheets with many wrinkles on its surface.The prepared rGOs have multilayered graphitic structure due to the unique ratio between G and D bands.Acid treated rGO has poor thermal stability as compared to that of as-prepared rGO at high temperatures due to the variation in the oxygen-containing functional groups.Acid treated rGO has low antibacterial activity as compared to that of the as-prepared rGO due to the paucity of the functional groups.展开更多
Sugarcane bagasse is an agro-waste that could replace timber resources for the production of bio-composites.Composite boards such as particleboard offer an issue for the use and recycling of poor quality timber,and th...Sugarcane bagasse is an agro-waste that could replace timber resources for the production of bio-composites.Composite boards such as particleboard offer an issue for the use and recycling of poor quality timber,and these engineered products can overcome some solid wood limitations such as heterogeneity and dimension.Bagasse offers an alternative to wood chips for particleboard production but present some disadvantages as well,such as poor physico-mechanical properties.To address these issues,bagassefibers were treated with an innovative natural resin formulated with tannin and furfural.Impregnated particles with different concentrations of resin(5%,10%,and 15%m/m)were exposed to temperatures of 40℃,60℃,80℃,and 100℃ for resin curing.Various types of tannin-based adhesives,including tannin formaldehyde,tannin/formaldehyde-furfural,and tannin hex-amine,were utilized for bonding the treated bagasse particles.The resultant panels were assessed for their physical and mechanical properties and compared to those produced using Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde(MUF)adhe-sive.The density of the panels varied from 650 to 730 kg/m^(3) depending on the resin concentration.The values for both modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture increased as the resin concentration increased.The internal bonding values exhibited an increase with resin concentration up to a critical point,after which a decreasing trend was observed.The water absorption and thickness swelling were significantly reduced with an increase in resin concentration.However,the panels produced using MUF adhesive yielded the most favorable physico-mechanical properties.Additionally,the panels made with tannin-based adhesives met the minimum requirements specified in the standard EN 312(specifications for uncoated resin-bonded particleboards)for application in dry condi-tions.The analysis of formaldehyde emissions indicated that panels produced with tannin-based adhesives exhib-ited significantly lower emissions compared to those made with MUF.The tannin/furfural resin showed great potential for improving the quality of bagasse particleboard using tannin-based adhesives.展开更多
Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction leads to defects in cellular energy metabolism and oxidative stress defense systems,which can contribute to tissue damage and disease development.Among the key regulators responsi...Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction leads to defects in cellular energy metabolism and oxidative stress defense systems,which can contribute to tissue damage and disease development.Among the key regulators responsible for mitochondrial quality control,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha(PGC-1α)is an important target for mitochondrial dysfunction.We have previously reported that bioactive polyphenols extracted from sugarcane top(ST)ethanol extract(STEE)could activate neuronal energy metabolism and increase astrocyte PGC-1αtranscript levels.However,their potential impact on the mitochondria activity in muscle and liver cells has not yet been investigated.To address this gap,our current study examined the effects of STEE and its polyphenols on cultured myotubes and hepatocytes in vitro.Rhodamine 123 assay revealed that the treatment with STEE and its polyphenols resulted in an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential in C2C12 myotubes.Furthermore,a comprehensive examination of gene expression patterns through transcriptome-wide microarray analysis indicated that STEE altered gene expressions related to mitochondrial functions,fatty acid metabolism,inflammatory cytokines,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling,and cAMP signaling in both C2C12 myotubes and HepG2 hepatocytes.Additionally,protein-protein interaction analysis identified the PGC-1αinteractive-transcription factors-targeted regulatory network of the genes regulated by STEE,and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that STEE and its polyphenols upregulated the transcript levels of PGC-1αin both C2C12 and HepG2 cells.These findings collectively suggest the potential beneficial effects of STEE on muscle and liver tissues and offer novel insights into the potential nutraceutical applications of this material.展开更多
Sugar cane juice is a popular refreshing drink in most part of Bangladesh. It has great taste and health benefits;also it is available most of the public places at reasonable prices which consumed by road side custome...Sugar cane juice is a popular refreshing drink in most part of Bangladesh. It has great taste and health benefits;also it is available most of the public places at reasonable prices which consumed by road side customers including general public, shopping personals, tourists, students. In our country, street vendors crushing sugarcane between roller crusher and sold without any heat treatment or preservative, also served with or without added ice and lemon juice. The study aimed to identify and compare the physico-chemical and microbial quality of sugarcane juice. The chemical qualities of juices including moisture, P<sup>H</sup>, ash, total soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found slightly different in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj areas. The highest and lowest value of moisture, ash, P<sup>H</sup>, total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found in 84.33% - 79.26% (Gazipur-Mymensingh), 0.57% - 0.04% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 5.9 - 2.9 (Gazipur-Narayangonj), 17.48% - 4.98% (Mymensingh-Narayangonj), 21.9% - 6.56% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 3.7 - 2.1 (Gazipur-Mymensingh) and 0.523% - 0.007% (Narayangonj-Gazipur) respectively. For microbiological analysis, the total viable count of sugar cane juice in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj were ranged from 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 43.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 4.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 21.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 3.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 36.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml respectively, where the permitted value is 1.0 × 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/ml, whereas the total coliform count was ranged from 0.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 6.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 0.00 - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 100 cfu/ml and total fungal count was ranged from 5.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 56.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 21.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 54.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 32.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 68.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 1000 cfu/ml. According to the Gulf standard, the microbiological parameters of all the collected sugar cane juice were out of the permitted standards, so that a serious health outbreak can be caused anytime.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to explore the occurrence and mixed infection of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease in Hainan sugarcane-growing area.[Methods]A total of 348 sugarcane leaf samples were collected from 7 suga...[Objectives]The paper was to explore the occurrence and mixed infection of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease in Hainan sugarcane-growing area.[Methods]A total of 348 sugarcane leaf samples were collected from 7 sugarcane-growing areas in Hainan Province.Molecular detection of sugarcane bacilliform virus(SCBV)was carried out by PCR using specific primers.[Results]SCBV was detected in 244 out of 348 sugarcane samples,with an average detection rate of 70.11%.The highest detection rate was 76.66%in the Danzhou sugarcane-growing area,while the lowest was 57.14%in the Baisha sugarcane-growing area.The SCBV-positive samples were subjected to testing for SCYLV,SCSMV,SrMV,and SCMV,respectively.The results indicated that 106 out of 244 positive samples exhibited a single infection with SCBV,while 138 samples exhibited mixed infections with SCBV and other sugarcane viruses.The proportion of mixed infections among the SCBV-positive samples was as high as 56.56%.Among the various types of mixed infections,two-virus and three-virus mixed infections were the most prevalent.[Conclusions]SCBV has emerged as a significant threat to the secure production of sugarcane in the Hainan sugarcane-growing region.It presents an explosive infection in the Hainan sugarcane-growing region and frequently combines with other sugarcane viruses to infect sugarcane.The findings of this study will provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease.展开更多
Aiming at the basic and key technical problems in prevention and control of sugarcane white leaf disease(SCWL),this study systematically overcame key technical bottleneck of prevention and control of new SCWL after 10...Aiming at the basic and key technical problems in prevention and control of sugarcane white leaf disease(SCWL),this study systematically overcame key technical bottleneck of prevention and control of new SCWL after 10 years of collaborative research,and achieved several innovative achievements.SCWL phytoplasmas newly recorded in China and the new subgroup of SCWL phytoplasmas(16SrXI-D)were discovered for the first time in Yunnan,and the whole genome analysis of the epidemic subgroup was completed.The main transmission source of SCWL pathogens has been identified as infected seed canes,and Tettigoniella viridis and Clovia conifer were newly discovered as vectors for virus transmission.The disease resistance of 25 main varieties was identified,and 10 control varieties were selected.The prevention and control strategy of"emphasizing early warning,strictly carrying out quarantine,blocking the vectors and controlling residual plants"was put forward,and a comprehensive prevention technique was established through integration of various techniques,and standardized technical regulations were formulated for demonstration application.The promotion and application of these achievements have realized scientific prevention and control of SCWL,effectively curbed the spread of SCWL,and ensured the safety of sugarcane producing areas in China,achieving great economic,social and ecological benefits and providing technical support for high-quality development,loss reduction and efficiency improvement of China's sugar industry.展开更多
The increasing global demand for sustainable agricultural practices and effective waste management has highlighted the potential of biochar as a multifaceted solution. This study evaluates the economic viability of su...The increasing global demand for sustainable agricultural practices and effective waste management has highlighted the potential of biochar as a multifaceted solution. This study evaluates the economic viability of sugarcane bagasse-based biochar in Brazil, focusing on its potential to enhance agricultural productivity and contribute to environmental sustainability. While existing literature predominantly explores the production, crop yield benefits, and carbon sequestration capabilities of biochar, there is a notable gap in comprehensive economic modeling and viability analysis for the region. This paper aims to fill this gap by employing a scenario-based economic modeling approach, incorporating relevant economic models. Findings include that biochar implementation can be economically viable for medium and large sugarcane farms (20,000 - 50,000 hectares) given the availability of funding, breaking even in about 7.5 years with an internal rate of return of 18% on average. For small farms, biochar can only be viable when applied biochar to the soil, which in all scenarios is found to be the more profitable practice by a large margin. Sensitivity analyses found that generally, biochar becomes economically feasible at biochar carbon credit prices above $120 USD/tCO2e, and at sugarcane bagasse availability percentages above 60%. While the economic models are well-grounded in existing literature, the production of biochar at the studied scales is not yet widespread, especially in Brazil and uncertainties can result. Reviewing the results, the land application scenario was found to be the most viable, and large farms saw the best results, highlighting the importance of scale in biochar operations. Small and medium farms with no land application were concluded to have no or questionable viability. Overall, sugarcane bagasse-based biochar can be economically viable, under the right circumstances, for agricultural and environmental advancement in Brazil.展开更多
基金supported by the Minas Gerais State’s Foundation for Research Support(FAPEMIG,Brazil,Process CEX-APQ-01651-17,RED-00224-23,and PPM-00645-17).
文摘Alternative methods for biodiesel purification that focus on ease of operation,cost reduction,and elimination of contaminated residues or that are easier to treat have received more attention.The dry wash route was used as an alternative to the wet route in biodiesel production.Filter membranes were developed based on cellulose nanofibers as the matrix and sugarcane bagasse fibers or soy hulls,as reinforcement to the matrix,before and after two chemical treatments(carboxymethylation and regeneration with sulfuric acid).The filters were characterized by permeability capacity,morphology,wettability,porosity,SEM and mechanical properties.The filtered biodiesel was also completely characterized.One of the major impacts of dry purification of biodiesel was the glycerin content after filtration.The filters CNFBR 20-28,CNFSR 5-28,CNFSR 5-35,and CNFBC 5-28 produced purified biodiesel with glycerin content below 0.02%(200 mg/L).Another relevant fact is related to the best results for acidity index,combined alkalinity,and glycerin content,obtained by the regenerated filter CNFBR 20-28,which presented a considerable permeate flow rate value above 4145 L h^(-1) m^(-2),which can be related to compacted lamellar layers observed by SEM.The produced filters were applied to biodiesel purification using a low-pressure filtration system and a simple vacuum pump,which resulted in an appreciable reduction in cost.The produced filter with sugarcane bagasse fiber carboxymethylated at 28 mesh of granulometry was efficient for biodiesel purification,including the efficient removal of free glycerin,in agreement with the standards defined by the national controlling agencies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472166,32172063,and 31771861)the Innovative Team Construction Project of the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System in Guangdong Province by Agricultural Product Units(Sugarcane and Sisal Industry Technology System,2024CXTD03-06)South China Agricultural University Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(2024105641195)。
文摘Isochorismate synthase(ICS),a key rate-limiting enzyme in the salicylic acid(SA)biosynthesis pathway in plants,is essential for plant growth and defense against diseases.However,there has been no report on ICS in sugarcane(Saccharum spp.).In this study,18 SsICSs,42 ShICSs,and 36 SzICSs were identified from the genomes of sugarcane AP85-441(Saccharum spontaneum),XTT22(Saccharum spp.hybrid cultivar),and ZZ1(Saccharum spp.hybrid cultivar),respectively.These were phylogenetically divided into three groups,forming distinct clades that were evolutionarily divergent from those in dicotyledonous species.The evolutionary profile of the ICS gene family suggested expansion through whole-genome duplication/segmental events and strong purifying selection.Promoter cis-element and transcriptome analyses indicated that the ICS gene family responded to disease stress.We cloned the ScICS(isochorismate synthase)gene from sugarcane cultivar XTT22 leaves,and found it was localized in chloroplasts.In vivo and in vitro interaction studies revealed an interaction between ScICS and an ScMYB transcription factor.We showed that ScWRKY28 positively regulated ScICS expression by binding to its promoter.ScICS overexpression in transgenic tobacco confirmed its effectiveness in enhancing disease resistance.There was a significant increase in SA content following pathogen infection along with activation of downstream signaling pathways and defense mechanisms.This study establishes the groundwork for functional studies of sugarcane ICS genes and enhances our understanding of the mechanisms of disease resistance in sugarcane.
基金supported by the Thailand Science Research and Innovation,National Science Research and Innovation Fund and the Fundamental Fund(FF 2023).
文摘Natural rubber(NR)foams are widely used.However,further studies are required for preparing eco-friendly NR foam and determining the optimum physical properties appropriate for application.This study aims to create an NR foam from rubber reinforced with sugarcane bagasse ash(SCBA)and sodium alginate.The results showed that the SCBA was primarily composed of silica or silicon dioxide(87.52%by weight)and carbon(11.41%by weight).This study investigated the influence of the amount of sodium alginate(0-5 phr)used in the NR foam formation.The addition of SCBA on the NR foam affected the density,swelling behavior,and crosslink density of the foam.The results identified an optimal loading level that improved the density and morphology of the foam.The hardness and modulus of the NR foam increased with increasing amounts of SCBA,suggesting insufficient reinforcement.The NR exhibited the highest compressive stress at the SCBA concentration of 5 phr.This study facilitates the development of NR as green material and other support materials.
基金funded and supported by the Institute of Research and Community Service(LPPM),Universitas Jember,for International Research Collaboration Scheme with project number:3565/UN25.3.1/LT/2023.
文摘Biocomposites are one of the environmentally friendlymaterials as a substitute for synthetic plastics used for various applications in the automotive,household appliances industry,and interiors.In this study,biocomposites from Polylactic Acid(PLA)and sugarcane bagasse fibers(SBF)were made using the 3D Printing method.The effect of alkalization with NaOH of 0(untreated),4%,6%,and 8%of the fibers were studied.The SBF in PLA was kept at 2%v/v from the total biocomposite.The characterization of all biocomposite tested using tensile,flexural,impact,scanning electron microscope(SEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and Fourier TransformInfrared(FTIR).The tensile test results showed that the 6%NaOH concentration on the fibers had the highest tensile strength of 34.59MPa compared to pure PLA.Theflexural and impact strengths of the biocomposite samples in the treatment also showed the highest results of 45.62MPa and 45.03 kJ/m2,respectively.SEMimaging also confirmed the presence of good bonding between the matrix and fibers.The thermal stability of biocomposite showed an increase in the degradation point after alkalization.There was a change in the chemical functional group in the biocomposite with fibers treated by 6%NaOH at a wavenumber of 1150–1030 cm^(−1).These results indicate that PLA biocomposites have competitive properties for application in various industrial sectors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2301100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272156)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(2022J01160)Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(1630052024003,1630052024020)Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences for Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Tropical Agricultural Science Center(CATASCXTD202402)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-17).
文摘Sugarcane is recognized as the fifth largest crop globally,supplying 80%of sugar and 40%of bioenergy production.However,sugarcane genetic research has significantly lagged behind other crops due to its complex genetic background,high ploidy(8-13×),aneuploidy,limited flowering,and a long growth cycle(more than one year).Cross breeding began in 1887 following the discovery that sugarcane seeds could germinate.Both self-and cross-pollination and selection were conducted by sugarcane breeders,but new cultivars were often eliminated due to disease susceptibility.Within the Saccharum genus,different species possess variable numbers of chromosomes.Wild sugarcane species intercrossed with each other,leading to development of the‘Nobilization’breeding strategy,which significantly improved yield,sucrose,fiber content,and disease resistance,and accelerated genetic improvement of cultivars.In recent years,scientific achievements have also been made in sugarcane genome sequencing,molecular marker development,genetic linkage map construction,localization of quantitative trait locus(QTL),and trait-associated gene identification.This review focuses on the progress in sugarcane genetic research,analyzes the technical difficulties faced,presents opportunities and challenges,and provides guidance and references for future sugarcane genetics research and cultivar breeding.Finally,it offers directions for future on sugarcane genetics.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFF1000101 and 2021YFF1000104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272196)the Sugarcane Research Foundation of Guangxi University(2022GZB007)。
文摘Knowledge of the function of growth-regulating factors(GRFs)in sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum and S.spontaneum)growth and development could assist breeders in selecting desirable plant architectures.However,limited information about GRFs is available in Saccharum due to their polyploidy.In this study,22 GRFs were identified in the two species and their conserved domains,gene structures,chromosome location,and synteny were characterized.GRF7 expression varied among tissues and responded to diurnal rhythm.SsGRF7-YFP was localized preferentially in the nucleus and appears to act as a transcriptional cofactor.SsGRF7 positively regulated the size and length of rice leaves,possibly by regulating cell size and plant hormones.Of seven potential transcription factors binding to the SsGRF7 promoter in S.spontaneum,four showed positive expression patterns,and two showed negative expression patterns relative to SsGRF7.
基金supported by the National key research and development program of China(2019YFA0905600)the Science and Technology Service Network Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-STS-QYZD-201-5-3)the Strategic Priority Research Program(Class B)of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB 38020300)。
文摘Sugarcane leaves-derived polyphenols(SLP)have been demonstrated to have diverse health-promoting benefits,but the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the anti-metabolic disease effects of SLP and the underlying mechanisms in mice.In the current study,we prepared the SLP mainly consisting of three flavonoid glycosides,three phenol derivatives,and two lignans including one new compound,and further demonstrated that SLP reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation,improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,ameliorated hepatic steatosis,and regulated short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production and secondary bile acids metabolism in ob/ob mice.Notably,SLP largely altered the gut microbiota composition,especially enriching the commensal bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides acidifaciens.Oral gavage with the above two strains ameliorated metabolic syndrome(MetS),regulated secondary bile acid metabolism,and increased the production of SCFAs in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice.These results demonstrated that SLP could be used as a prebiotic to attenuate MetS via regulating gut microbiota composition and further activating the secondary bile acids-mediated gut-adipose axis.
基金supported by the China National Key R&D Program during the 14th Five-year Plan Period(2022YFD1901603)。
文摘Sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition is an important sustainable agricultural pattern that can alter soil ecological functions,thereby affecting straw decomposition in the soil.However,the mechanisms underlying changes in soil organic carbon(SOC)composition and microbial communities during straw decomposition under long-term intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition remain unclear.In this study,we conducted an in-situ microplot incubation experiment with^(13)C-labeled soybean straw residue addition in a two-factor(cropping pattern:sugarcane monoculture(MS)and sugarcane/soybean intercropping(SB);nitrogen addition levels:reduced nitrogen addition(N1)and conventional nitrogen addition(N2))long-term experimental field plot.The results showed that the SBN1 treatment significantly increased the residual particulate organic carbon(POC)and residual microbial biomass carbon(MBC)contents during straw decomposition,and the straw carbon in soil was mainly conserved as POC.Straw addition changed the structure and reduced the diversity of the soil microbial community,but microbial diversity gradually recovered with decomposition time.During straw decomposition,the intercropping pattern significantly increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Ascomycota.In addition,straw addition reduced microbial network complexity in the sugarcane/soybean intercropping pattern but increased it in the sugarcane monoculture pattern.Nevertheless,microbial network complexity remained higher in the SBN1 treatment than in the MSN1 treatment.In general,the SBN1 treatment significantly increased the diversity of microbial communities and the relative abundance of microorganisms associated with organic matter decomposition,and the changes in microbial communities were mainly driven by the residual labile SOC fractions.These findings suggest that more straw carbon can be sequestered in the soil under sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition to maintain microbial diversity and contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture.
基金funded by the Central Government and Local Science and Technology Development Special Project,China(2022L3086)the Sugarcane Research Foundation of Guangxi University,China(2022GZB006)+3 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771863)the Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry,Guangxi University,China(ASSI-2023009)an independent fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology,China(GXKLSCB-20190201)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-20-1-5)。
文摘Sugarcane has recently attracted increasing attention for its potential as a source of sugar and bioethanol,so increasing its yield is essential to ensure the sugar security and bioenergy production.Intergeneric hybridization is a highly efficient method to produce new genetic variants of crop plants,particularly those species with high ploidy such as sugarcane(Saccharum spp.).Tripidium arundinaceum exhibits many desirable agronomic traits,and has been widely studied to produce hybrids with improved stress tolerance and other characteristics in sugarcane breeding.However,the genetic relationship between T.arundinaceum and Saccharum species,and the individual T.arundinaceum chromosomal compositions in sugarcane hybrids are still elusive.Here we used whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)to ascertain the phylogenetic relationships between these species and found that T.arundinaceum is more closely related to Saccharum than Sorghum,in contrast to the previous narrow genetic analyses using chloroplast DNA.Additionally,oligonucleotide(oligo)-based chromosome-specific painting derived from Saccharum officinarum was able to distinctly identify the chromosomes of T.arundinaceum.We developed the oligo-genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)system for the first time,to unveil the novel chromosome translocations and the transmission of individual T.arundinaceum chromosomes in sugarcane progeny.Notably,we discovered that the chromosomal transmission of T.arundinaceum exhibited several different inheritance modes,including n,2n,and over 2n in the BC1 progenies.Such inheritance patterns may have resulted from first division restitution(FDR)or FDR+nondisjunction of a chromosome with the sister chromatids in the second meiosis division/second division restitution(FDR+NSC/SDR)model during meiosis.These results will be of substantial benefit for the further selection of T.arundinaceum chromosomes for sugarcane genetic improvement.
文摘Oxidative-exfoliation methods were in vogue in the production of rGO from graphite.Processing of such synthetic graphite needs high temperatures(2500℃).Thus,such process is not cost-effective.The present study is made on the dry leaves of sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum)as an alternative raw material so as to be economical and environmentally benign.The dry leaves are subjected to two-step pyrolysis without any catalyst or reducing agent in far divergent temperatures to produce as prepared and acid treated rGOs.They were evaluated by UV–Vis.,FTIR,XRD,Raman spectroscopy,TGA/DTG,BET,FESEM-EDS and TEM.The as prepared rGO has few layers with irregular and folded architecture whereas acid-treated rGO has thinly stacked crumpled sheets with many wrinkles on its surface.The prepared rGOs have multilayered graphitic structure due to the unique ratio between G and D bands.Acid treated rGO has poor thermal stability as compared to that of as-prepared rGO at high temperatures due to the variation in the oxygen-containing functional groups.Acid treated rGO has low antibacterial activity as compared to that of the as-prepared rGO due to the paucity of the functional groups.
基金This work was supported by the office of vice-president for research and technology,University of Tehran,Gundishapur project 1584/45227SG,and Campus France.
文摘Sugarcane bagasse is an agro-waste that could replace timber resources for the production of bio-composites.Composite boards such as particleboard offer an issue for the use and recycling of poor quality timber,and these engineered products can overcome some solid wood limitations such as heterogeneity and dimension.Bagasse offers an alternative to wood chips for particleboard production but present some disadvantages as well,such as poor physico-mechanical properties.To address these issues,bagassefibers were treated with an innovative natural resin formulated with tannin and furfural.Impregnated particles with different concentrations of resin(5%,10%,and 15%m/m)were exposed to temperatures of 40℃,60℃,80℃,and 100℃ for resin curing.Various types of tannin-based adhesives,including tannin formaldehyde,tannin/formaldehyde-furfural,and tannin hex-amine,were utilized for bonding the treated bagasse particles.The resultant panels were assessed for their physical and mechanical properties and compared to those produced using Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde(MUF)adhe-sive.The density of the panels varied from 650 to 730 kg/m^(3) depending on the resin concentration.The values for both modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture increased as the resin concentration increased.The internal bonding values exhibited an increase with resin concentration up to a critical point,after which a decreasing trend was observed.The water absorption and thickness swelling were significantly reduced with an increase in resin concentration.However,the panels produced using MUF adhesive yielded the most favorable physico-mechanical properties.Additionally,the panels made with tannin-based adhesives met the minimum requirements specified in the standard EN 312(specifications for uncoated resin-bonded particleboards)for application in dry condi-tions.The analysis of formaldehyde emissions indicated that panels produced with tannin-based adhesives exhib-ited significantly lower emissions compared to those made with MUF.The tannin/furfural resin showed great potential for improving the quality of bagasse particleboard using tannin-based adhesives.
基金partially funded by Nippo Co.,Ltd.,Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST COI-NEXT,grant no.JPMJPF2017).
文摘Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction leads to defects in cellular energy metabolism and oxidative stress defense systems,which can contribute to tissue damage and disease development.Among the key regulators responsible for mitochondrial quality control,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha(PGC-1α)is an important target for mitochondrial dysfunction.We have previously reported that bioactive polyphenols extracted from sugarcane top(ST)ethanol extract(STEE)could activate neuronal energy metabolism and increase astrocyte PGC-1αtranscript levels.However,their potential impact on the mitochondria activity in muscle and liver cells has not yet been investigated.To address this gap,our current study examined the effects of STEE and its polyphenols on cultured myotubes and hepatocytes in vitro.Rhodamine 123 assay revealed that the treatment with STEE and its polyphenols resulted in an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential in C2C12 myotubes.Furthermore,a comprehensive examination of gene expression patterns through transcriptome-wide microarray analysis indicated that STEE altered gene expressions related to mitochondrial functions,fatty acid metabolism,inflammatory cytokines,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling,and cAMP signaling in both C2C12 myotubes and HepG2 hepatocytes.Additionally,protein-protein interaction analysis identified the PGC-1αinteractive-transcription factors-targeted regulatory network of the genes regulated by STEE,and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that STEE and its polyphenols upregulated the transcript levels of PGC-1αin both C2C12 and HepG2 cells.These findings collectively suggest the potential beneficial effects of STEE on muscle and liver tissues and offer novel insights into the potential nutraceutical applications of this material.
文摘Sugar cane juice is a popular refreshing drink in most part of Bangladesh. It has great taste and health benefits;also it is available most of the public places at reasonable prices which consumed by road side customers including general public, shopping personals, tourists, students. In our country, street vendors crushing sugarcane between roller crusher and sold without any heat treatment or preservative, also served with or without added ice and lemon juice. The study aimed to identify and compare the physico-chemical and microbial quality of sugarcane juice. The chemical qualities of juices including moisture, P<sup>H</sup>, ash, total soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found slightly different in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj areas. The highest and lowest value of moisture, ash, P<sup>H</sup>, total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found in 84.33% - 79.26% (Gazipur-Mymensingh), 0.57% - 0.04% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 5.9 - 2.9 (Gazipur-Narayangonj), 17.48% - 4.98% (Mymensingh-Narayangonj), 21.9% - 6.56% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 3.7 - 2.1 (Gazipur-Mymensingh) and 0.523% - 0.007% (Narayangonj-Gazipur) respectively. For microbiological analysis, the total viable count of sugar cane juice in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj were ranged from 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 43.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 4.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 21.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 3.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 36.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml respectively, where the permitted value is 1.0 × 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/ml, whereas the total coliform count was ranged from 0.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 6.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 0.00 - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 100 cfu/ml and total fungal count was ranged from 5.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 56.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 21.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 54.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 32.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 68.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 1000 cfu/ml. According to the Gulf standard, the microbiological parameters of all the collected sugar cane juice were out of the permitted standards, so that a serious health outbreak can be caused anytime.
基金Supported by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(321QN313,323MS103)Earmarked Fund for China Agricultural Research System(CARS-17).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to explore the occurrence and mixed infection of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease in Hainan sugarcane-growing area.[Methods]A total of 348 sugarcane leaf samples were collected from 7 sugarcane-growing areas in Hainan Province.Molecular detection of sugarcane bacilliform virus(SCBV)was carried out by PCR using specific primers.[Results]SCBV was detected in 244 out of 348 sugarcane samples,with an average detection rate of 70.11%.The highest detection rate was 76.66%in the Danzhou sugarcane-growing area,while the lowest was 57.14%in the Baisha sugarcane-growing area.The SCBV-positive samples were subjected to testing for SCYLV,SCSMV,SrMV,and SCMV,respectively.The results indicated that 106 out of 244 positive samples exhibited a single infection with SCBV,while 138 samples exhibited mixed infections with SCBV and other sugarcane viruses.The proportion of mixed infections among the SCBV-positive samples was as high as 56.56%.Among the various types of mixed infections,two-virus and three-virus mixed infections were the most prevalent.[Conclusions]SCBV has emerged as a significant threat to the secure production of sugarcane in the Hainan sugarcane-growing region.It presents an explosive infection in the Hainan sugarcane-growing region and frequently combines with other sugarcane viruses to infect sugarcane.The findings of this study will provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760504)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-17)Special Fund for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System in Yunnan Province.
文摘Aiming at the basic and key technical problems in prevention and control of sugarcane white leaf disease(SCWL),this study systematically overcame key technical bottleneck of prevention and control of new SCWL after 10 years of collaborative research,and achieved several innovative achievements.SCWL phytoplasmas newly recorded in China and the new subgroup of SCWL phytoplasmas(16SrXI-D)were discovered for the first time in Yunnan,and the whole genome analysis of the epidemic subgroup was completed.The main transmission source of SCWL pathogens has been identified as infected seed canes,and Tettigoniella viridis and Clovia conifer were newly discovered as vectors for virus transmission.The disease resistance of 25 main varieties was identified,and 10 control varieties were selected.The prevention and control strategy of"emphasizing early warning,strictly carrying out quarantine,blocking the vectors and controlling residual plants"was put forward,and a comprehensive prevention technique was established through integration of various techniques,and standardized technical regulations were formulated for demonstration application.The promotion and application of these achievements have realized scientific prevention and control of SCWL,effectively curbed the spread of SCWL,and ensured the safety of sugarcane producing areas in China,achieving great economic,social and ecological benefits and providing technical support for high-quality development,loss reduction and efficiency improvement of China's sugar industry.
文摘The increasing global demand for sustainable agricultural practices and effective waste management has highlighted the potential of biochar as a multifaceted solution. This study evaluates the economic viability of sugarcane bagasse-based biochar in Brazil, focusing on its potential to enhance agricultural productivity and contribute to environmental sustainability. While existing literature predominantly explores the production, crop yield benefits, and carbon sequestration capabilities of biochar, there is a notable gap in comprehensive economic modeling and viability analysis for the region. This paper aims to fill this gap by employing a scenario-based economic modeling approach, incorporating relevant economic models. Findings include that biochar implementation can be economically viable for medium and large sugarcane farms (20,000 - 50,000 hectares) given the availability of funding, breaking even in about 7.5 years with an internal rate of return of 18% on average. For small farms, biochar can only be viable when applied biochar to the soil, which in all scenarios is found to be the more profitable practice by a large margin. Sensitivity analyses found that generally, biochar becomes economically feasible at biochar carbon credit prices above $120 USD/tCO2e, and at sugarcane bagasse availability percentages above 60%. While the economic models are well-grounded in existing literature, the production of biochar at the studied scales is not yet widespread, especially in Brazil and uncertainties can result. Reviewing the results, the land application scenario was found to be the most viable, and large farms saw the best results, highlighting the importance of scale in biochar operations. Small and medium farms with no land application were concluded to have no or questionable viability. Overall, sugarcane bagasse-based biochar can be economically viable, under the right circumstances, for agricultural and environmental advancement in Brazil.
